Wikipedia

King Abdulaziz International Airport

King Abdulaziz International Airport[a] (IATA: JED, ICAO: OEJN, colloquially referred to as Jeddah Airport, Jeddah International Airport, or KAIA), is a major international airport serving the cities of Jeddah and Mecca in Saudi Arabia, located 19 kilometres (12 mi) north of Jeddah and covering an area of 105 square kilometres (41 sq mi). The airport is the busiest in the kingdom and the third-largest by land area. It is also one of the busiest airports in the Middle East. Opened in 1981, it was built to replace the now-demolished Kandara Airport and is named after the founder of Saudi Arabia, King Abdulaziz.

King Abdulaziz International Airport

مطار الملك عبدالعزيز الدولي

Mataar Al-Malik Abdulaziz Al-Duwaly
Summary
Airport typePublic
Owner/OperatorJeddah Airports Company
ServesJeddah and Mecca, Saudi Arabia
LocationJeddah, Saudi Arabia
Opened1981; 43 years ago (1981)
Hub for
Elevation AMSL15 m / 48 ft
Coordinates21°40′46″N 039°09′24″E / 21.67944°N 39.15667°E / 21.67944; 39.15667
Websitejed-airport.com
Maps
JED is located in Saudi Arabia
JED
JED
Location of airport in Saudi Arabia
JED is located in Middle East
JED
JED
JED (Middle East)
JED is located in Asia
JED
JED
JED (Asia)
Map
Runways
Direction Length Surface
m ft
16L/34R 4,000 13,123 Asphalt
16C/34C 4,000 13,123 Concrete
16R/34L 3,800 12,467 Asphalt
Statistics (2023)
Passengers42,700,000[1]
Traffic movement250,000[1]
Economic impact (2012)$11.5 billion[2]
Social impact (2012)126,700[2]
Aerial view with old South Terminal, the new Terminal 1 can be seen in the background

The airport shares its airfield with the RSAF King Abdullah Air Base, and has a royal terminal and three operational passenger terminals, including a Hajj Terminal built exclusively to handle increased traffic during the Islamic Hajj pilgrimage season. It serves as the largest hub for Saudia, the Saudi flag carrier, and as an operating base for national low-cost carriers Flynas and Flyadeal.[3]

History

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Before the construction of the King Abdulaziz International Airport, Jeddah and the surrounding region were served by the Kandara Airport located in the southern part of the city. Following a meeting between King Abdulaziz and Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1945, the kingdom was gifted a Douglas DC-3 that was operated between the cities of Jeddah, Riyadh, and Dhahran. In 1946, Saudia, the Saudi flag carrier, was set up and operated out of the airport. The company began flying in Hajj pilgrims to the city, first from Lod in Mandatory Palestine, and later from other countries. Construction work began in 1974 and was finalized in 1980, before the airport opened for service on May 31, 1981, having been inaugurated a month earlier.[3] Following construction of the King Abdulaziz International Airport, the Kandara Airport was demolished.[4]

Terminals

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Hajj Terminal
 
South Terminal
 
٘North Terminal
 
North Terminal interior

Terminal 1

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As part of the 2006 development project, a new passenger terminal was constructed. At 810,000 m2 (8,700,000 sq ft), it is one of the largest airport terminals in the world and can handle 30 million passengers annually.[5] Still referred to as the New Terminal, it underwent a soft opening with a domestic flight landing from Gurayat in May 2018. In March 2019, all of Saudia's domestic operations were transferred to operate from the new terminal.[6] In August 2019, Saudia started moving international operations to the new terminal,[7] and in September of that year, the new terminal was officially named Terminal 1 and inaugurated by King Salman.[8] On November 18, 2019, Etihad became the first non-Saudi airline to move to the new facility.[9]

New facilities at Terminal 1 include new lounges, a 18,000 m2 (190,000 sq ft) central garden, a 14-metre (46 ft) tall aquarium that is 10 metres (33 ft) in diameter, a mosque with a capacity of 3,732 worshippers, and a transport center that links the terminal building to the parking area and the Airport–Jeddah station of the Haramain High Speed Railway.[10] It is eventually planned to handle 80 million passengers per year.

As of November 2024, Terminal 1 handles most of the flight operations coming Into Jeddah, Approximately handling 19 airlines, Including British Airways, Emirates (airline), and Thai Airways International.

South Terminal

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Opened in 1981, the South Terminal was one of the first passenger terminals at the airport, and was initially exclusively used by the national flag carrier, Saudia. The architectural design of the building was modeled on Dulles International Airport in the American capital, Washington, D.C., and incorporated tent-like structures. The terminal building consisted of separate departure and arrival lounges, and gates equipped with jet bridges. In 2007, Saudi low-cost carriers Flynas and Sama were also given permission to use the South Terminal, and later, permission to use the terminal was extended to the Indonesian flag carrier, Garuda Indonesia, and another Saudi low-cost airline, Flyadeal. After 40 years of service, on June 26, 2020, it was announced via the airport's official Twitter account that the South Terminal would be closed and its operations would be transferred to the newly-built Terminal 1.[11][12]

North Terminal

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The North Terminal at King Abdulaziz International Airport is mainly used by non-Saudi airlines.

Hajj Terminal

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Because of Jeddah's proximity to the city of Mecca, the airport has a dedicated Hajj Terminal built to handle pilgrims taking part in the annual Islamic Hajj pilgrimage. The Hajj Terminal can accommodate 80,000 travelers at any given time. The terminal building was designed by Bangladeshi-American architect Fazlur Rahman Khan of Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, and is known for its tent-like roof structure, engineered by Horst Berger of Geiger Berger Associates.[13] The roof is composed of ten modules, each consisting of twenty-one white tent-like Teflon-coated fiberglass structures suspended from pylons. The modules are grouped together into two blocks of five modules each, separated by a landscaped mall between the blocks.[14][15]

Only customs, baggage handling and similar facilities are located in the air-conditioned building. The vast majority of the complex is a flexible, open area called the Terminal Support Area, which is conceived to function like a village, even consisting of a souk and mosque. Not enclosed by walls, this area is sheltered from the intense sun while allowing for natural ventilation; because of this, some consider it to be a green, environmentally-friendly building. The Hajj Terminal received the Aga Khan Award for Architecture in 1983.[14][15]

Development projects

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A development project for the airport started in 2006. The plan included the construction of Terminal 1 and the tallest air traffic control tower in the world at 136 metres (446 ft), airfield hard-standing and paved areas, lighting, fuel network systems, electronic passenger guidance systems and a new storm water drainage network. The development project also includes newly constructed support services building and upgrades to the existing runway and airfield systems.[16]

In 2023, it was announced that a further expansion of the airport is planned. A fourth runway and a new Terminal 2 are to be built.[17]

Other facilities

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The General Authority of Civil Aviation maintains its presence at the Building 364, the GACA Hangar.[18] An automated people mover (APM), constructed by Alstom, exists to move passengers between Terminal 1 and the North Terminal.

The Royal Saudi Air Force maintains its presence at the King Abdullah Air Base located towards the north of the airport. The Number 4, Number 16, and Number 20 squadrons of the 8th Wing of the RSAF, operating Lockheed C-130 Hercules aircraft, use it as their home base.[19]

Haramain High Speed Railway station

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Terminal 1 is connected to the Haramain High Speed Railway mainline via a 3.75-kilometre (2.33 mi) branch line. The station at the airport terminal building was named Airport–Jeddah station to distinguish it from the Al-Sulimaniyah–Jeddah station situated closer to downtown Jeddah. It provides regular connections to the Islamic holy cities of Mecca and Medina, and to the King Abdullah Economic City.[20]

Runways

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The airport is served by three parallel runways designated 16L/34R, 16C/34C, and 16R/34L.

Airlines and destinations

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Passenger

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AirlinesDestinations
Aegean Airlines Athens[21]
Afriqiyah Airways Misrata,[22] Tripoli–Mitiga
Air Algérie Algiers
Air Arabia Alexandria, Assiut,[23] Cairo, Luxor,[24] Ras Al Khaimah (resumes 15 December 2024),[25] Sharjah, Sohag
AirAsia X Seasonal: Kuala Lumpur–International
Air Astana Almaty,[26] Şymkent[27]
airblue Islamabad, Lahore, Multan, Peshawar
Air Cairo Alexandria, Assiut, Cairo, Giza,[28] Luxor,[29] Sohag[30]
Seasonal: Sharm El Sheikh[31]
Air China Seasonal: Ürümqi
Air India Delhi, Mumbai
Air India Express[32] Hyderabad,[33] Kannur,[34] Kozhikode, Mangalore,[35] Tiruchirappalli[36]
Air Samarkand Samarqand[37]
Air Senegal Seasonal: Dakar–Diass[38]
Air Sial Islamabad, Karachi, Multan, Sialkot, Lahore[39]
AJet Istanbul–Sabiha Gökçen[40]
Akasa Air Ahmedabad,[41] Mumbai[42]
AlMasria Universal Airlines Cairo
Azerbaijan Airlines Baku[43]
Azman Air Seasonal: Kano
Badr Airlines Khartoum (suspended), Port Sudan
Batik Air Makassar
Seasonal: Solo
Batik Air Malaysia Kuala Lumpur–International[44]
Biman Bangladesh Airlines Chittagong, Dhaka, Sylhet
British Airways London–Heathrow[45]
Centrum Air Tashkent[46]
Citilink Jakarta–Soekarno-Hatta[47]
Seasonal: Banda Aceh,[48] Kediri,[49] Medan, Makassar,[50] Palembang,[47] Solo[51]
Cyprus Airways Larnaca[52]
Daallo Airlines Garowe, Hargeisa, Mogadishu
Egyptair Alexandria, Cairo, Luxor
Seasonal: Sharm El Sheikh[53]
Emirates Dubai–International
Eritrean Airlines Asmara
Ethiopian Airlines Addis Ababa
Etihad Airways Abu Dhabi
Seasonal: Al Ain[54]
Eurowings Berlin, Cologne/Bonn[55]
flyadeal Abha,[56] Amman–Queen Alia, Cairo,[57] Dammam,[58] Gassim,[58] Ha'il, Hofuf, Istanbul,[citation needed] Jizan, Khartoum (suspended),[57] Riyadh, Tabuk[59]
Seasonal: Sarajevo[60]
flydubai Dubai–International
Flynas Abha, Adana/Mersin,[61] Abu Dhabi,[62] Addis Ababa,[63] Algiers, Almaty,[64] Amman–Queen Alia, Ankara, Asmara,[65] Baghdad, Bahrain, Baku,[66] Beirut, Berlin,[55] Bishkek,[67] Bodrum, Brussels,[68] Casablanca, Constantine, Dammam, Dhaka,[69] Djibouti (begins 8 January 2025),[70] Doha,[71] Dubai-Al Maktoum[62] Dubai–International, Erbil,[72] Gassim, Giza,[73] Hatay[citation needed], Hofuf,[74] Istanbul–Sabiha Gökçen,[75] Jizan, Kano, Karachi, Khartoum (suspended), Kuwait City, Lahore, Marseille, Medina, Mumbai,[76] Najran, Namangan,[77] Osh,[67] Riyadh, Salalah, Sarajevo, Sharjah, Sharm El Sheikh, Sohag,[78] Tabuk, Tashkent,[79] Tbilisi, Trabzon, Yanbu[80]
Seasonal: Batumi,[66] Jakarta–Soekarno-Hatta, Kozhikode,[81] Makassar, Medan, Salzburg,[82] Surabaya, Vienna
Garuda Indonesia Jakarta–Soekarno-Hatta
Seasonal: Banda Aceh, Makassar, Medan, Palembang, Surabaya, Yogyakarta–International[83]
Gulf Air Bahrain
IndiGo Ahmedabad,[84] Bangalore ,[85] Delhi, Hyderabad,[86] Kozhikode,[87] Mumbai
Iran Air Seasonal: Ahvaz, Ardabil, Bandar Abbas, Birjand, Bushehr, Gorgan, Hamadan, Isfahan, Kerman, Mashhad, Qeshm, Rasht, Sari, Shiraz, Tabriz, Tehran–Imam Khomeini, Urmia, Yazd, Zahedan, Zanjan
Iraqi Airways Seasonal: Baghdad, Basra, Erbil, Najaf, Sulaimaniyah[88]
ITA Airways Rome–Fiumicino[89]
Jazeera Airways Kuwait City
Jordan Aviation Amman–Queen Alia
Fly Jinnah Allama Iqbal International Airport
Jubba Airways Dubai–International, Galkayo
Kam Air Kabul,[90] Kandahar, Khost,[91] Mazar-i-Sharif[92]
Kuwait Airways Kuwait City
Libyan Airlines Benghazi, Tripoli–Mitiga
Libyan Wings Seasonal: Tripoli–Mitiga
Lion Air Seasonal: Bandung–Kertajati, Banda Aceh,[93] Jakarta–Soekarno-Hatta, Makassar, Medan, Padang, Palembang, Pekanbaru,[94] Solo, Surabaya, Yogyakarta–International[93]
Malaysia Airlines Kuala Lumpur–International
Seasonal: Alor Setar, Johor Bahru,[95] Kuala Terengganu, Penang
Max Air Seasonal: Kano
Middle East Airlines Beirut
Nesma Airlines Ha'il[96]
Nile Air Alexandria, Assiut,[97] Cairo, Luxor,[97] Sohag[97]
Oman Air Muscat
Pakistan International Airlines Faisalabad,[98] Islamabad, Karachi, Lahore, Multan, Peshawar, Quetta,[99] Sialkot
Pegasus Airlines Istanbul–Sabiha Gökçen, İzmir
Seasonal: Trabzon[100]
Qanot Sharq Bukhara,[101] Fergana,[102] Tashkent[103]
Qatar Airways Doha[104]
Royal Air Maroc Casablanca
Seasonal: Marrakesh
Royal Brunei Airlines Seasonal: Bandar Seri Begawan
Royal Jordanian Amman–Queen Alia[105]
SalamAir Muscat, Sohar[106]
Saudia Abha, Abu Dhabi, Addis Ababa, Al Baha, Alexandria, Algiers, Al Jawf, Al Ula, Al Wajh, Amman–Queen Alia, Amsterdam, Ankara,[107] Arar, Baghdad,[108] Bahrain, Bangalore, Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi,[109] Barcelona,[110] Beijing–Daxing,[111] Beirut, Birmingham,[112] Bisha, Cairo, Casablanca, Chennai,[113] Dammam, Dawadmi, Delhi, Dhaka, Djibouti (suspended),[114] Doha,[115] Dubai–International, Frankfurt, Gassim, Geneva, Guangzhou, Gurayat, Ha'il, Hofuf, Hyderabad, Islamabad, Istanbul, Jakarta–Soekarno-Hatta, Jizan, Kano, Karachi, Khartoum (suspended), Kochi, Kozhikode,[116][117] Kuala Lumpur–International, Kuwait City, Lahore, London–Gatwick,[118] London–Heathrow, Lucknow, Madrid, Malè, Manchester, Manila, Mauritius, Medan,[119] Medina, Milan–Malpensa, Multan,[120] Mumbai, Munich, Muscat, Nairobi–Jomo Kenyatta, Najran, Neom Bay, New York–JFK, Paris–Charles de Gaulle, Peshawar, Phuket (begins 2 December 2024),[121] Port Sudan (suspended),[122] Qaisumah, Rafha, Red Sea,[123] Riyadh, Rome–Fiumicino, Sharm El Sheikh, Sharurah, Singapore, Tabuk, Ta'if, Toronto–Pearson,[124] Tunis, Turaif, Wadi al-Dawasir, Washington–Dulles
Seasonal: Adana/Mersin, Agadir, Annaba, Athens, Batam, Constantine, Ghardaïa, İzmir, Los Angeles,[125] Makassar, Málaga,[126] Marrakech, Oran, Salalah, Surabaya, Zurich[127]
SCAT Airlines Almaty[128]
Scoot Singapore
SereneAir Islamabad, Peshawar
Somon Air Dushanbe, Khujand[129]
SpiceJet Ahmedabad, Delhi,[130] Kozhikode
Sudan Airways Khartoum, Port Sudan (both suspended)
Syrian Air Damascus[131]
Tarco Aviation Khartoum (suspended), Port Sudan
Transavia Lyon (begins 13 December 2024),[132] Paris–Orly (begins 12 December 2024)[133]
Tunisair Tunis
Turkish Airlines Istanbul
Seasonal: Adana/Mersin,[61] Ankara, Antalya, Bursa, Denizli, Diyarbakır, Erzurum, Gaziantep, Isparta, İzmir, Kayseri, Konya, Rize,[134] Samsun, Sivas, Trabzon, Van
US-Bangla Airlines Dhaka[135]
Utair Seasonal: Magas
Uzbekistan Airways Tashkent[136]
Wizz Air[137][138] Budapest, Larnaca, London–Gatwick (begins 31 March 2025),[139][140] Milan–Malpensa, Rome–Fiumicino, Venice, Vienna
Seasonal: Bucharest-Otopeni
Yemenia Aden, Seiyun

Cargo

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AirlinesDestinations
Aerotranscargo Hong Kong, Sharjah[141]
Air France Cargo Dammam, Hong Kong, Paris–Charles de Gaulle
DHL Aviation Bahrain
Ethiopian Airlines Cargo Addis Ababa[142]
Lufthansa Cargo Frankfurt, Sharjah
Qatar Airways Cargo Doha
Saudia Cargo Addis Ababa, Amsterdam, Bangalore,[143] Brussels, Dammam, Dhaka, Frankfurt, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, Johannesburg–O. R. Tambo, Khartoum, Kozhikode, Lagos, Lucknow, Maastricht/Aachen, Milan–Malpensa, Mumbai, Nairobi–Jomo Kenyatta, N'Djamena, New York–JFK,[144] Riyadh, Shanghai–Pudong, Sharjah

Accidents and incidents

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  • In November 1979, Pakistan International Airlines Flight 740, a Boeing 707, crashed soon after takeoff when a fire started on board. There were no survivors among the 156 passengers and crew on board.
  • In 1986, a group of Iranian pilgrims were caught with C4 explosives in their bag. The explosives were put there by Iranian authorities; they wanted the explosives to go off killing many people. The pilgrims claimed that they didn't know anything about the explosives.[145]
  • On 6 February 1991, a United States Air Force Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker made an emergency landing at the base after two of the KC-135's four engines ripped off, two tires burst during the landing.
  • On 11 July 1991, Nigeria Airways Flight 2120, a Douglas DC-8-61, suffered cabin pressure problems followed by a fire due to a failed landing gear. The pilots tried to return to the airport but failed to reach it and the plane crashed, killing all 247 passengers and 14 crew.[146]
  • On 1 March 2004, PIA Flight 2002, an Airbus A300B4-200, burst two tires whilst taking off. Fragments of the tire were ingested by the engines, causing the engines to catch fire and takeoff was aborted. Substantial damage to the engine and the left wing caused the aircraft to be written off. All 261 passengers and 12 crew survived.[147]
  • In July 2015, a Saudi Arabian Airlines plane was taxing to the terminal when it crashed into an airport vehicle.[148]

Statistics

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Annual passenger traffic at JED airport. See Wikidata query.

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Arabic: مطار الملك عبدالعزيز الدولي

References

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  2. ^ a b "King Abdulaziz International airport – Economic and social impact". Ecquants. Retrieved 7 September 2013.
  3. ^ a b About KAIA Archived 10 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine on the GACA website
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  8. ^ Rashad, Marwa (24 September 2019). Osmond, Ed (ed.). "Jeddah airport's new terminal opened in tourism push". Reuters.
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  15. ^ a b Cold air is poured into the space and allowed to escape into the desert. Aga Khan Awards, Project brief Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine
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  39. ^ "AIR SIAL ADDS JEDDAH SERVICE IN NS23".
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  54. ^ a b "Eurowings und Flynas starten Berlin-Duell nach Jeddah". AeroRoutes. 5 March 2024.
  55. ^ "flyadeal plans Abha launch in Feb 2018".
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  58. ^ "flyadeal brings affordable air travel to Tabuk". Flyadeal.com. Retrieved 18 July 2018.
  59. ^ {{cite web | url=https://flyingbosnian.blogspot.com/2024/02/flyadeal-to-start-jeddah-sarajevo.html | title=Bosnia and Herzegovina Aviation News : ✈Flyadeal to start Jeddah-Sarajevo flights | date=23 February 2024
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  71. ^ "First international flight lands at Erbil airport from Saudi after ban lifted".
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  74. ^ "FLYNAS TO RESUME JEDDAH – ISTANBUL SERVICE FROM AUGUST 2022". Aeroroutes. Retrieved 24 June 2022.
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