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A Mahavira Hall, usually simply known as a Main Hall, is the main hall or building in a traditional Chinese Buddhist temple, enshrining representations of Gautama Buddha and various other buddhas and bodhisattvas.[1][2] It is encountered throughout East Asia.
| Mahavira Hall | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Mahavira Hall of Jade Buddha Temple, Shanghai | |||||||||||||
| Chinese name | |||||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 大雄寶殿 | ||||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 大雄宝殿 | ||||||||||||
| Literal meaning | Precious Hall of the Great Hero | ||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||
| Vietnamese name | |||||||||||||
| Vietnamese alphabet | Đại hùng Bửu điện (Đại hùng Bảo điện) Chính điện (Chánh điện) | ||||||||||||
| Chữ Hán | 大雄寶殿 正殿 | ||||||||||||
| Korean name | |||||||||||||
| Hangul | 대웅전 | ||||||||||||
| Hanja | 大雄殿 | ||||||||||||
| Japanese name | |||||||||||||
| Kanji | 大雄宝殿 | ||||||||||||
Names
editFrom their importance and use, they are often simply known in English as the temples' "Main" or "Great Halls". The term "Mahavira Hall", also encountered as "Mahāvīra Hall" or "Hall of the Mahāvīra", is a reverse translation, employing the original Sanskrit term in place of its Chinese or English equivalent. They are also known as the Precious Hall of the Great Hero, the Hall of Great Strength, or the Daxiongbao Hall. Less often, a main hall is called an "adytum", after the equivalent area in Greco-Roman temples.[3] It is also sometimes misunderstood as the "Great, Powerful, and Precious Palace".[4]
Description
editMahavira Hall is the main hall of a Buddhist temple.[5][6][7] It is generally located in the north of the Heavenly King Hall and serves as the core architecture of the whole temple and also a place for monks to practice.[5][6][7] Statues of Sakyamuni, the founder of Buddhism are enshrined in the hall.[5][6][7]
Sakyamuni statues enshrined in the Mahavira Hall have three modeling postures.[5][6][7] The first is sitting in the lotus posture with the left hand placing on the left foot and the right hand dropping naturally, representing that he has sacrificed all he has for people before he becomes Buddha.[5][6][7] All these can only be proved by the ground.[5][6][7] This posture of the statues is called "posture of becoming Buddha" (成道相).[5][6][7] The second is sitting in the lotus posture with the left hand placing on the left foot and the right hand's finger ringing.[5][6][7] This is called "posture of preaching" (說法相), showing his postures when preaching.[5][6][7] The third is a standing Buddha with the left hand dropping, signifying the hope that all people can fulfill their wishes, and the right hand stretching arm, indicating all people can relieve their sufferings.[5][6][7] This posture is called "Sandalwood Buddha" (旃檀佛相).[5][6][7] Usually two disciples' statues are placed next to the statue of Sakyamuni, the older is called "Mahakassapa" and the middle-aged is called "Ānanda".[5][6][7]
At the back of Sakyamuni's statue, three statues of Bodhisattva facing the north are usually enshrined.[5][6][7] They are Manjushri Bodhisattva riding a lion, Samantabhadra Bodhisattva riding a white elephant and Guanyin Bodhisattva riding a dragon.[5][6][7] Some temples also set island scene behind Sakyamuni's statue and only enshrine the statue Guanyin Bodhisattva with a clean vase of water and a willow branch in it.[5][6][7]
Examples
edit- The Mahavira Hall of Shanghai's Longhua Temple
- The Mahavira Hall of Hangzhou's Lingyin Temple
- The Main Hall of Shanghai's Jing'an Temple
- The Main Hall of Datong's Shanhua Temple
- The Main Hall of Gaobeidian's Kaishan Temple
- The Main Hall of Yixian's Fengguo Temple
- The Main Hall of Henan's Ocean Banner Temple
See also
edit- Hall of Four Heavenly Kings, another common hall in Chinese temples
- Hall of Guanyin
- Lustral basin
- Japanese Buddhist Main Halls, some of which are Chinese-style Mahavira Halls
References
edit- ^ Fotopoulou, Sophia (15 September 2002). "The Layout of a Typical Chinese Buddhist Temple". Newsfinder.org. Retrieved 28 February 2011.
- ^ 佛法教学的 [The Art of Buddha Teaching] (in Simplified Chinese). Retrieved 28 February 2011.
- ^ Thomson, John (1874), Illustrations of China and Its People: A Series of Two Hundred Photographs with Letterpress Descriptive of the Places and People Represented, Vol. I, London: Sampson Low, Marston, Low, & Searle, Honam Temple, Canton.
- ^ Wright, G.N. (1843), China, in a Series of Views, Displaying the Scenery, Architecture, and Social Habits, of that Ancient Empire, Vol. III, London: illustrated by Thomas Allom for Fisher, Son, & Co., p. 66.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Zi Yan (1 August 2012). Famous Temples in China. Beijing: Time Publishing and Media Co., Ltd. pp. 31–33. ISBN 978-7-5461-3146-7.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Wei Ran (1 June 2012). Buddhist Buildings. Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press. ISBN 9787112142880.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Han Xin (1 April 2006). Well-Known Temples of China. Shanghai: The Eastern Publishing Co. Ltd. ISBN 7506024772.
External links
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