Maria Temryukovna (born Kucheney;[1] Russian: Мари́я Темрю́ковна; Kabardian: Гуэщэней Идар Темрыкъуэ и пхъу; c. 1545 – 1 September 1569) was the tsaritsa of all Russia from 1561 until her death as the second wife of Ivan the Terrible, the tsar of all Russia.[1]
| Maria Temryukovna | |
|---|---|
| Tsaritsa consort of all Russia | |
| Tenure | 21 August 1561 – 1 September 1569 |
| Predecessor | Anastasia Romanovna |
| Successor | Marfa Sobakina |
| Born | c. 1545 Kabardia |
| Died | 1 September 1569 Alexandrov, Russia |
| Burial | |
| Spouse | Ivan IV of Russia |
| Issue | Tsarevich Vasili Ivanovich |
| Dynasty | Rurik (by marriage) |
| Father | Temryuk of Kabardia |
| Religion | Russian Orthodox |
Life
edit
The daughter of Temryuk of Kabardia, Maria (originally named Qochenay bint Teymour (Кученей) before her baptism) was presented to Ivan in Moscow after the death of his first wife Anastasia Romanovna. Russian folklore tells of how Ivan's first wife, before dying, warned him not to take a pagan as a wife. Ivan was so smitten by Maria's beauty, that he decided to marry her immediately. On 21 August 1561,[2] they married, four days before Ivan's 31st birthday. The marriage took place after the marriage negotiations between Ivan and Catherine Jagiellon stranded.
Ivan soon came to regret the decision to marry her, on account of his new wife being viewed as illiterate and vindictive. She never fully integrated to the Muscovite way of life, and was considered a poor stepmother to Ivan's two sons Ivan and Feodor. She gave birth to a son named Vasili, named after her father-in-law on 21 March 1563, though he died on 3 May that same year. Maria was generally hated by her subjects, who believed her to be manipulative and witch-like in her behaviour. Some sources claim it was she who first incited her husband to form the oprichniki.[3]
She died on 1 September 1569 at the age of 25. It was rumored that she had been poisoned by her own husband, but there is no historical evidence to such rumours. The Tsar also never admitted as such, and had many people tortured on suspicion of assassinating the Tsaritsa.
In popular culture
editTsar a 2009 Russian drama film directed by Pavel Lungin. Their story is described in the book ‘Der Leibarzt der Zarin’ by Heinz Konsalik. She also appears (as Marie) in Georges Bizet's opera Ivan IV.
References
edit- ^ a b De Madariaga 2006, p. 147.
- ^ Perrie & Pavlov 2014, p. 97.
- ^ De Madariaga 2006, pp. 156–157.
Bibliography
edit- Troyat, Henri Ivan le Terrible. Flammarion, Paris, 1982
- De Madariaga, Isabel (2006). Ivan the Terrible: first Tsar of Russia (First printed in paperback ed.). New Haven London: Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300119732.
- Perrie, Maureen; Pavlov, Andrei (10 July 2014). Ivan the Terrible. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-89468-1.