Mary Gray Freeman (born October 30, 1933), also known by her former married name Mary Kelly, as Mary Freeman Kelly and by her subsequent married name Mary Spitzer, is an American former competition swimmer who represented the United States at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki, Finland in the 100-meter backstroke. After leaving competitive swimming in 1953, she became a Hall of Fame swim coach for Philadelphia's Vespar Boat Club from 1955-68 and coached the Women's Team at the University of Pennsylvania in 1960. Recognized as one of the most outstanding women coaches of her era, in 1964 she was the first woman to be recommended as an American Olympic coach but declined the nomination, believing a man should take the honor as they were more reliant on earning wages to live.[2][1]
 As U. of Pennsylvania Coach circa 1960 | |
| Personal information | |
|---|---|
| Full name | Mary Gray Freeman |
| National team |  United States |
| Born | October 30, 1933 Bangor, Maine, U.S. |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Swimming |
| Strokes | Backstroke, Individual Medley |
| Club | Walter Reed Swim Club |
| Coach | Jim Campbell |
| Biographical details | |
|---|---|
| Alma mater | George Washington University |
| Playing career | |
| 1948-1953[1] | Walter Reed Swimming Club |
| Coaching career (HC unless noted) | |
| 1955-1968 | Vespar Boat Club Women's Swim Team Philadelphia |
| 1960[1] | U. of Pennsylvania Women's Swim Team |
| Accomplishments and honors | |
| Championships | |
| 1961 National Championship (Vespar Boat Club) '61 '66 AAU Nat. Outdoor Team Champs 56-58 Eastern U.S. & Middle Atlantic Champs (Vespar Boat Club) | |
| Awards | |
| International Swimming Hall of Fame | |
Education
editMary Grey Freeman was born in Bangor, Maine, to Colonel Monroe E. Freeman of the U.S. Army who would later work for the Pentagon in Washington. She attended Amherst High School in Massachusetts, and graduated from Coolidge High School in Washington. She later attended George Washington University from around 1950-1954, while continuing to pursue competitive swimming through clubs, as George Washington had no women's swim team at the time. [3][4]
Swimming competitor
editKelly began swimming as a beginner in the Walter Reed Army Hospital pool in Washington as her father, a chemist, was on the staff. Her competitive career began around 1948, around the age of 15.[5] She started with 6 a.m. practices with the Walter Reed swim club under Coach Jim Campbell, who was also a physical therapist at the hospital. Campbell would later coach swimmers at the University of Pennsylvania as would Mary.[6] In 1952, Freeman made the U.S. Olympic team bound for Helsinki. Recognized as an attractive American athletic champion with a Hollywood connection through her husband, she held a measure of celebrity status and appeared on the cover of Life Magazine on July 23, 1951.[1]
1952 Olympics
editIn the 1952 Helsinki Olympics, she finished ninth in the women's 100-meter backstroke, placing ninth overall with a time of 1:18.0, and was not selected for the finals. [7][8]
AAU National champion
editFreeman won the backstroke competition in the 100-meter and 200-meter events at the 1951 AAU outdoor championships. That year she also captured AAU 200-yard indoor backstroke title. In 1953, one of her best years, she won three additional AAU competitions; the 330-yard outdoor medley relay, the 880 yard outdoor freestyle relay, and the indoor 300 yard individual medley.[7]
She was proficient in each of the three swim strokes at the time and in January 1952, set a national record in the 150-yard individual medley consisting of back, breast, and freestyle, at a District AAU Meet in York, Pennsylvania. Her proficiency in all three strokes would be an advantage as a future swim coach.[9][1]
Marriages
edit
After retiring from competitive swimming, Freeman married Olympic rowing bronze medalist John B. Kelly Jr., the brother of movie actress Grace Kelly, on March 4, 1954. Both she and Kelly participated in the 1952 Helsinki Olympics and had met there.[3][2][10] Freeman and Kelly had six children; she sued for divorce in 1968.[11] She later married Professor Alan Spitzer of the University of Iowa in late May, 1981, and lived in Iowa City, Iowa.[12]
Coaching swimming
editShe went on to become a renowned swimming coach after retiring from competitive swimming around 1953.[7] In 1955, she established one of the first all-women swim teams in the country, which she named Vesper Boat Club.[1] She picked the name as it was the same as the rowing team in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania for which her husband John was competing.
Mary coached the University of Pennsylvania's Women's Swim Team at the 15th Annual College Eastern Intercollegiate Swim Championships on March 12, 1960. The Pennsylvania women were runners-up to winner West Chester State Teacher's College, and the team's Barbara Chesneau broke the 50-yard breastroke record with a time of 36.2.[13]
Vespar Boat Club achievements
editOne of their most recognized first team wins came in August 1961, when the Vesper Boat Club won the AAU Outdoor Team National Championships in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Altogether, Freeman sent five women on to represent the United States in the Olympic Games.[1] In her outstanding career as a swimming coach, she produced 15 national champions who won a total of 26 national championships in their swimming careers, set 10 world records and made 9 Olympic finals.[1]
The team at Vespar Boat Club were the AAU National Team Champions in 1966 as well, and were the Eastern U.S. and Middle Atlantic Champions in 1956-1958.[1]
She would have been the first woman to be selected as an Olympic swimming coach for the United States in 1964, but took her name off the list because it was not important to her at the time. In her short coaching career, she inspired many women, including over a dozen of her own swimmers, to go into coaching. She retired entirely from coaching in 1968 and was replaced at Vespar Boat Club by Hall of Fame swimmer George Breen, though Breen had coached with the club for several prior years.[1]
Outstanding swimmers coached
edit
In 1958, Lyn Hopkins was Coach Kelly's first swimmer to place in the finals of the women's national championships—both for short course in Dallas, Texas and then for the long course championship in Topeka, Kansas. Other Vesper Boat Club swimmers, including Ellie Daniel, Susan Doerr, Nina Harmer and Martha Randall, and Jane Barkman quickly began to compete at the national level. By 1960, half a dozen of her team members swam at the U.S. Olympic Trials, with two being selected to compete at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome.[1][14]
Not confined solely to coaching women, at the Vespar Boat Club, she was also a mentor to Carl Robie a male Olympic medalist in butterfly in both the '64 and '68 Olympics. Freeman was an important early coach to Robie, who dominated the 200-meter butterfly event, though the butterfly was not recognized as a competitive stroke during Freeman's swimming career.[15]
Administrative roles in American swimming
editIn the 1960's, she served on the U.S. Olympic Women’s Swimming Committee. From 1956-64 she served with the AAU Women’s Swim Committee as well. From 1959-1961, she was a member of the All American Women’s Swimming Team Selection Committee from 1959-1961. She was Chair of the AAU Swimming Award Committee from 1965-1968, and also worked with Swimming's AAU Joint Rules Committee from 1962-1964 and in 1967.[1]
She moved to Iowa City in 1981 after her marriage to History Professor Alan Spitzer of the University of Iowa. In 1988, she was writing a dissertation with the Linguistics Department and working as a teaching assistant at the University.[5]
Honors
editFreeman was inducted into the International Swimming Hall of Fame for her coaching accomplishments in 1988.[5][1] She was admitted into the American Swimming Coaches Hall of Fame in 2008.[16]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "Mary Freeman (USA)". ISHOF.org. International Swimming Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on September 5, 2015. Retrieved April 9, 2015.
- ^ a b Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Mary Freeman". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on April 18, 2020. Retrieved November 24, 2012.
- ^ a b "Mary Freeman to Wed Sculler", The York Dispatch, York, Pennsylvania, 26 September 1953, pg. 10
- ^ "Sets Four Records", Evening Star, Washington D.C., 11 March 1951, pg. 43
- ^ a b c Riley, Steve, "Class of Water", Iowa Citian to Join Swim Hall", Iowa City Press Citizen, Iowa City, Iowa, 13 May 1988, pg. 21, 23
- ^ Van Atta, Burr, "James L. Campbell, Olympic Swim Coach", The Philadelphia Inquirer, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 4 April 1982, pg. 75
- ^ a b c "Finals of 100-meter backstroke, 1952, Olympedia". Olympedia. Retrieved September 27, 2023.
- ^ "Mary Freeman Kelly, Olympedia Bio". Olympedia. Retrieved September 27, 2023.
- ^ "Mary Freeman Sets National Swimming Mark", The Gazette and Daily, York, Pennsylvania, 21 January 1952, pg. 14
- ^ Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Jack Kelly, Jr". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on April 18, 2020. Retrieved November 24, 2012.
- ^ Divorce in "Grace's Brother Sued for Divorce", Argus Leader, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, 6 Sep 1968, pg. 6
- ^ Seltzer, Ruth, "And Now Its Jack and Sandra Kelly", The Philadelphia Inquirer, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 29 May 1981, pg. 52
- ^ Brandschain, Mayer, "Westchester Girls Win East Swim Title", The Philadelphia Inquirer, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 13 March 1960, pg. 82
- ^ "Brien, Taylor, Lessons with the Legends: Mary Freeman". Swimming World. December 4, 2017.
- ^ "Carl Robie Passes Away at 66". SwimNews.com. November 30, 2011. Archived from the original on December 9, 2011. Retrieved December 1, 2011.
- ^ "ASCA Hall of Fame, Mary Freeman Kelly Spitzer". swimming coach.org. American Swimming Coaches Hall of Fame. Retrieved April 9, 2015.