Mohammed Ali al-Houthi (Arabic: محمد علي الحوثي, romanized: Muḥammad ʻAlī al-Ḥūthī; born 1979[1]) is a Yemeni political figure who is the former President of the Revolutionary Committee or Revolutionary Council, a body formed by Houthi militants and the de facto President of Yemen. He was one of the military field commanders who led the group's seizure of the Yemeni capital Sana’a in September 2014,[2] and eventually became the de facto leader of Yemen after the Houthi takeover of the Yemeni government in 2015. He is a cousin of Abdul-Malik Badreddin al-Houthi, the group's leader.[3][4]
Mohammed Ali al-Houthi | |
|---|---|
محمد علي الحوثي | |
 | |
| Interior Minister | |
| Assumed office 15 October 2020 | |
| President | Mahdi al-Mashat |
| Prime Minister | Abdel-Aziz bin Habtour |
| President of the Supreme Revolutionary Committee of Yemen* | |
| In office 6 February 2015 – 15 August 2016 | |
| Prime Minister | Talal Aklan (Acting) |
| Deputy | Naef Ahmed al-Qanis |
| Preceded by | Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi |
| Succeeded by | Saleh Ali al-Sammad |
| President of the Revolutionary Committee of Yemen* | |
| Assumed office 6 February 2015 | |
| Prime Minister | Talal Aklan (Acting) |
| Deputy | Naef Ahmed al-Qanis |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1979 (age 44–45) Saada, North Yemen |
| Relations | Abdul-Malik al-Houthi Hussein Badreddin al-Houthi Yahia al-Houthi (Cousins) Badreddin al-Houthi (Uncle) |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | Houthi movement |
| Battles/wars | Houthi insurgency in Yemen Yemeni Civil War (2014–present) |
| *Houthi's term has been disputed by Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi and Rashad al-Alimi. | |
According to the 6 February 2015 statement by a Houthi representative, the Revolutionary Committee is in charge of governing Yemen and forming a new parliament, which will then appoint a five-member presidential council.[3][5] However, other reports indicated the committee itself would serve as the presidential council.[4][6]
Al-Houthi has been described as a "former political prisoner".[7]
Presidency
editMahmoud Al-Junaid was named as director of the presidential office on 9 February 2015, although he declined to confirm to the Yemen Times whether he was working for them.[8]
The newspaper Asharq al-Awsat reported on 19 February that al-Houthi had been sacked over the lack of an agreement among Yemen's political factions to support the Houthis' transitional authority, but a senior Houthi leader denied that he had been dismissed.[9] The next day, Reuters and other news outlets reported that UN-led negotiations had produced a tentative agreement regarding the Yemeni parliament, but it did not address the political dispute over the presidency.[10][11]
On 21 March 2015, al-Houthi spoke at a meeting of the Revolutionary Committee, giving an address in which he said Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi's term of office legally ended on 21 February 2015 and his legitimacy had expired. He criticised foreign governments for continuing to back Hadi, accusing them of "blatant interference" in Yemeni affairs.[12]
Al-Houthi was injured by a Royal Saudi Air Force strike in Sana'a during the first night of a military intervention in Yemen led by Saudi Arabia on 25 March 2015, according to Al Jazeera.[13]
Houthi-controlled state media reported in November 2015 that al-Houthi sent a letter to United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon calling on the UN to restrain the Saudi-led coalition and accusing the coalition of "war crimes" and "genocides" against Yemen.[14]
On 15 August 2016, the Supreme Revolutionary Committee handed power to the Supreme Political Council.[15]
International reactions
editThe United Nations, the United States and the Gulf Cooperation Council refused to recognise the legitimacy of the Houthi declaration placing al-Houthi and the Revolutionary Committee in charge of Yemen's government.[16] The UN Security Council adopted a resolution on 15 February 2015 calling on the Houthis to relinquish control of state institutions, with Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon warning that Yemen teetered on the verge of state failure.[17]
On 9 November 2018, an opinion article by al-Houthi calling for peace in Yemen was published in The Washington Post.[18]
On 11 January 2021, the United States designated al-Houthi's movement as a "terrorist organization".[19] al-Houthi condemned the move by saying that the group "reserves its right to respond" to any designation by the Trump administration.[19] al-Houthi himself was also blacklisted by the United States government in the same measure.[20]
References
edit
- ^ "Houthis Take Control of Yemen Without Seizing Power". Al Akhbar English.
- ^ Al-Oliby, Saif Saleh (19 February 2015). "Houthi Head of Revolutionary Committee Sacked". Yemen Observer. Archived from the original on 21 February 2015. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
- ^ a b al-Haj, Ahmed (6 February 2015). "Yemen's Shiite rebels announce takeover of country". The Columbian. Retrieved 6 February 2015.
- ^ a b "Houthi militia installs 'presidential council' to run Yemen". Middle East Eye. 6 February 2015. Retrieved 6 February 2015.
- ^ Nordland, Rob (6 February 2015). "Yemen Rebels Say They Will Form New Government". The New York Times. The New York Times. Retrieved 6 February 2015.
- ^ "Houthis dissolve parliament, assume power in Yemen". EFE Agency. 6 February 2015. Retrieved 6 February 2015.
- ^ Ploquin, Jean-Christophe (30 March 2015). "Comment les Houthis ont replongé le Yémen dans la guerre civile" (in French). La Croix. Retrieved 1 April 2015.
- ^ Al-Samawi, Mohammad (9 February 2015). "HOUTHIS APPOINT MAHMOUD AL-JUNAID DIRECTOR OF THE PRESIDENTIAL OFFICE". Yemen Times. Archived from the original on 8 April 2017. Retrieved 9 February 2015.
- ^ "Yemen's Houthi movement sack top military official: sources". Asharq al-Awsat. 19 February 2015. Archived from the original on 20 February 2015. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
- ^ "Yemen's Houthi rebels show willingness to negotiate, cut rough deal". CNN. 20 February 2015. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
- ^ "Yemen parties agree on transitional council: U.N." Reuters. 20 February 2015. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
- ^ Al-Kibsi, Hesham (21 March 2015). "Al-Houthi: Hadi's Retraction From Resignation A Desperate Attempt For Violence". Yemen Observer. Archived from the original on 4 April 2015. Retrieved 1 April 2015.
- ^ "Saudis launch air campaign to defend Yemen government". Al Jazeera. 25 March 2015. Retrieved 1 April 2015.
- ^ "HRC Chairman holds UN, UNSC accountable for stopping aggression". SABA. 11 November 2015. Retrieved 15 November 2015.
- ^ "Saba Net - Yemen news agency". 16 March 2023.
- ^ "Gulf countries, opposition say Houthi takeover in Yemen a 'coup'". Reuters. 7 February 2015. Retrieved 7 February 2015.
- ^ Anna, Cara (15 February 2015). "UN Security Council OKs Resolution Against Yemen Rebels". ABC News. Retrieved 15 February 2015.
- ^ Mohammed Ali al-Houthi (9 November 2018). "Houthi leader: We want peace for Yemen, but Saudi airstrikes must stop". The Washington Post. Retrieved 11 November 2018.
- ^ a b "Yemen's Houthis condemn US move to brand them terrorists". Al Jazeera. 11 January 2021. Retrieved 11 January 2021.
- ^ El Yaakoubi, Aziz; Landay, Jonathan; Spetalnick, Matt (11 January 2021). "U.S. plans to designate Yemen's Houthi movement as foreign terrorist group". Reuters. Retrieved 11 January 2021.