Pyronema is a genus of cup fungi in the family Pyronemataceae. Pyronema are found fruiting exclusively on recently burned or heat-sterilized substrates.[2] The fruiting bodies (apothecia) are light-pink to orange and disc or cushion shaped. Always growing in dense clusters, and often fusing together resulting in an amorphous mat-like appearance. Ascospores are simple, smooth, ellipsoid, colorless, and lack lipid droplets. When grown in a laboratory setting on agar plates, P. domesticum produces sclerotia, whereas P. omphalodes does not.[3] P. domesticum tends to produce pink to orange apothecia and slightly larger spores, whereas P. omphalodes apothecia are orange to yellow-orange with slightly smaller spores.[4] Pyronema are known to dominate the soil fungal community after fire,[5] and P. domesticum has been shown to metabolize charcoal.[6][7] P. omphalodes is synonymous with P. confluens and P. marianum.[1]
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| Pyronema sp. fruiting on burned soil a few months after a wildfire in California, USA (image credit: Monika Fischer) | |
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| Genus: | Pyronema
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| Type species | |
| Pyronema omphalodes | |
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P. domesticum (Sowerby) Sacc. (1889) | |
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Phycoascus A.Møller (1901) | |
Pyronema was first circumscribed as Peziza omphalodes by Pierre Bulliard in 1790,[8][9] and in 1870 Leopold Fuckel built off the description from Bulliard, merging several synonymous species into P. omphalodes.[10] In 1889, Pier Andrea Saccardo circumscribed the species P. domesticum, directly building from the work of James Sowerby.[11]
References
edit- ^ a b "Pyronema Carus 1835". MycoBank. International Mycological Association. Retrieved 2012-02-12.
- ^ Seaver, Fred (1909). "Studies in pyrophilous fungi: I. The occurrence and cultivation of Pyronema". Mycologia. 1 (4): 131–139. doi:10.2307/3753124. JSTOR 3753124.
- ^ "JGI Mycocosm Pyronema omphalodes genome". Mycocosm. JGI.
- ^ Siegel & Schwartz (2024). Mushrooms of Cascadia. Backcountry Press. p. 544. ISBN 978-1-941624-19-7.
- ^ Bruns, Thomas (March 4, 2020). "A simple pyrocosm for studying soil microbial response to fire reveals a rapid, massive response by Pyronema species". PLOS ONE. 15 (3): e0222691. Bibcode:2020PLoSO..1522691B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0222691. PMC 7055920. PMID 32130222.
- ^ Shechet, Ellie (November 28, 2021). "This Fire-Loving Fungus Eats Charcoal, if it must". The New York Times.
- ^ Fischer, Monika (2021-10-27). "Pyrolyzed Substrates Induce Aromatic Compound Metabolism in the Post-fire Fungus, Pyronema domesticum". Frontiers in Microbiology. 12. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.729289. PMC 8579045. PMID 34777277.
- ^ "Pyronema omphalodes". Ascomycete.org.
- ^ Bulliard, Pierre (1780–93). Herbier de la France; ou, Collection complette des plantes indigenes de ce royaume; avec leurs proprie´te´s, et leurs usages en medecine. Paris.
- ^ Fuckel, L. (1870). "Symbolae mycologicae. Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Rheinischen Pilze". Jahrbücher des Nassauischen Vereins für Naturkunde. 23–24: 1–459.
- ^ Saccardo, P.A. (1889). "Discomyceteae et Phymatosphaeriaceae". Sylloge Fungorum. 8: 1–1143.
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