Rock tripe is the common name for various lichens of the genus Umbilicaria that grow on rocks.[1] They are widely distributed, including on bare rock in Antarctica, and throughout northern parts of North America such as New England and the Rocky Mountains. They are edible when properly prepared; soaking extensively and boiling with changes of water removes the bitterness and purgative properties.[2][3] They have been used as a famine food in extreme cases when other food sources were unavailable, as by early American northern explorers.[2]
| Rock tripe | |
|---|---|
| |
| Umbilicaria hyperborea | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Lecanoromycetes |
| Order: | Umbilicariales |
| Family: | Umbilicariaceae |
| Genus: | Umbilicaria Hoffm. (1789) |
| Type species | |
| Umbilicaria hyperborea (Ach.) Hoffm. (1796)
| |
Umbilicaria esculenta is commonly used as a food in Asian cuisine and a restorative medicine in traditional Chinese medicine. [citation needed]
Species
edit- Umbilicaria americana Poelt & T.H.Nash (1993)
- Umbilicaria angulata Tuck. (1848)
- Umbilicaria antarctica Frey & I.M.Lamb (1939)
- Umbilicaria aprina Nyl. (1869)
- Umbilicaria arctica (Ach.) Nyl. (1859)
- Umbilicaria bigleri Frey (1949)
- Umbilicaria crustulosa (Ach.) Lamy (1879)
- Umbilicaria cylindrica (L.) Delise (1830)
- Umbilicaria daliensis (J.C.Wei) Davydov, Peršoh & Rambold (2018)
- Umbilicaria decussata (Vill.) Zahlbr. (1932)
- Umbilicaria deusta (L.) Baumg. (1790)
- Umbilicaria dura McCune (2018)[4] – North America
- Umbilicaria esculenta (Miyoshi) Minks (1900)
- Umbilicaria hirsuta (Sw. ex Westr.) Ach. (1794)
- Umbilicaria hispanica (Frey) Davydov, Peršoh & Rambold (2018)
- Umbilicaria hyperborea (Ach.) Hoffm. (1796)
- Umbilicaria iberica Sancho & Krzew. (2009)
- Umbilicaria isidiosa Krzew. (2009)
- Umbilicaria leiocarpa DC. (1805)
- Umbilicaria maculata Krzew., M.P.Martín & M.A.García (2009)
- Umbilicaria mammulata (Ach.) Tuck. (1848)
- Umbilicaria meizospora (Harm.) E.A.Davydov & D.Masson (2022)[5] – Europe
- Umbilicaria muhlenbergii (Ach.) Tuck. (1845)
- Umbilicaria multistrata McCune (2018)[4] – North America
- Umbilicaria murihikuana D.J.Galloway & Sancho (2005)
- Umbilicaria nodulospora McCune, Di Meglio & M.J.Curtis (2014)
- Umbilicaria nylanderiana (Zahlbr.) H.Magn. (1937)
- Umbilicaria orientalis Davydov (2020)[6] – East Asia
- Umbilicaria phaea Tuck. (1869)
- Umbilicaria polyphylla (L.) Baumg. (1790)
- Umbilicaria polyrrhiza (L.) Fr. (1825)
- Umbilicaria proboscidea (L.) Schrad. (1794)
- Umbilicaria propagulifera (Vain.) Lano (1950)
- Umbilicaria pulvinaria (Savicz) Frey (1931)
- Umbilicaria rhizinata (Frey & Poelt) Krzew. (2010)
- Umbilicaria rigida (Du Rietz) Frey (1931)
- Umbilicaria robusta (Llano) D.J.Galloway & Sancho (2005)
- Umbilicaria sinorientalis (J.C.Wei) Davydov, Peršoh & Rambold (2018)
- Umbilicaria spodochroa Ehrh. ex Hoffm. (1796)
- Umbilicaria subglabra (Nyl.) Harm. (1910)
- Umbilicaria torrefacta (Lightf.) Schrad. (1794)
- Umbilicaria vellea (L.) Ach. (1794)
- Umbilicaria virginis Schaer. (1842)
- Umbilicaria xizangensis (J.C.Wei & Y.M.Jiang) Davydov, Peršoh & Rambold (2018)
Gallery
edit-
Rock Tripe (seogi) with pine nuts -
Lichens of the type eaten by John Franklin's men on their journey back from the Coppermine River -
Kishū kumano iwatake tori ("Iwatake mushroom gathering at Kumano in Kishu") by Hiroshige II -
References
edit- ^ Smith, Hayden B.; Dal Grande, Francesco; Muggia, Lucia; Keuler, Rachel; Divakar, Pradeep K.; Grewe, Felix; Schmitt, Imke; Lumbsch, H. Thorsten; Leavitt, Steven D. (2020). "Metagenomic data reveal diverse fungal and algal communities associated with the lichen symbiosis". Symbiosis. 82 (1–2): 133–147. doi:10.1007/s13199-020-00699-4. hdl:11577/3440801.
- ^ a b Angier, Bradford (1974). Field Guide to Edible Wild Plants. Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Books. p. 184. ISBN 0-8117-0616-8. OCLC 799792.
- ^ The Complete Guide to Edible Wild Plants. United States Department of the Army. New York: Skyhorse Publishing. 2009. p. 86. ISBN 978-1-60239-692-0. OCLC 277203364.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ a b McCune, B. (2018). "Two new species in the Umbilicaria torrefacta group from Alaska and the Pacific Northwest of North America". Graphis Scripta. 30 (6): 65–77.
- ^ Davydov, Evgeny A.; Masson, Didier (2022). "Umbilicaria meizospora comb. nov., a south-western European endemic species of the subgenus Papillophora". The Lichenologist. 54 (1): 1–12. doi:10.1017/s0024282921000475. S2CID 246828542.
- ^ Davydov, Evgeny A.; Yakovchenko, Lidia S.; Urbanavichene, Irina; Konoreva, Liudmila; Chesnokov, Sergey; Kharpukhaeva, Tatiana; Obermayer, Walter (2020). "Umbilicaria orientalis – a new species of Umbilicaria subg. Papillophora with an East Asian distribution: morphological delimitation and molecular evidence". The Lichenologist. 52 (5): 353–364. doi:10.1017/s0024282920000389. S2CID 229051585.
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