Wikipedia

Roxas Boulevard

Roxas Boulevard is a popular waterfront promenade in Metro Manila in the Philippines. The boulevard, which runs along the shores of Manila Bay, is well known for its sunsets and stretch of coconut trees. The divided roadway has become a trademark of Philippine tourism, famed for its yacht club, hotels, restaurants, commercial buildings and parks.


R-1
Roxas Boulevard street sign in Manila
Roxas Boulevard
The route of Roxas Boulevard within Metro Manila. Roxas Boulevard is highlighted in red.
Roxas Boulevard traffic (Manila)(2019-02-21).JPG
The boulevard in 2019
Route information
Maintained by the Department of Public Works and Highways[1][2]
Length7.6 km (4.7 mi)
Existed1910s–present
Component
highways
Major junctions
North end AH 26 (N120) (Bonifacio Drive) / N150 (Padre Burgos Avenue) / Katigbak Parkway in Ermita, Manila[3][4]
Major intersections
South end E3 (Manila–Cavite Expressway) / N63 (MIA Road) / Seaside Drive in Parañaque
Location
CountryPhilippines
Major citiesManila, Pasay, and Parañaque
Highway system
  • Roads in the Philippines

The boulevard was completed in the 1910s. Originally called Cavite Boulevard,[5][6] it was renamed Dewey Boulevard in honor of the American admiral George Dewey, whose forces defeated the Spanish navy in the Battle of Manila Bay in 1898, Heiwa Boulevard in late 1941 during the Japanese occupation,[7] and finally Roxas Boulevard in 1963 in honor of Manuel Roxas, the fifth president of the Philippines.[8] It was also designated as a new alignment of the Manila South Road that connects Manila to the southern provinces of Luzon.[9]

The boulevard is also an eight-lane major arterial road in Metro Manila designated as Radial Road 1 (R-1) of Manila's arterial road network, National Route 61 (N61), the shortest primary route in the Philippines, National Route 120 (N120) of the Philippine highway network and a spur of Asian Highway 26 (AH26). The arcing road runs north–south from Luneta in Manila to Parañaque at the intersection of MIA Road and Seaside Drive beneath the elevated NAIA Expressway.[10] Beyond its southern terminus is the Manila–Cavite Expressway (E3), also known as the Coastal Road, or, more popularly, CAVITEX.

History

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Daniel Burnham's plan of the sea boulevard from Manila to Cavite

City Beautiful movement

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Cavite Boulevard was part of Architect Daniel Burnham's plan to beautify the city of Manila.[11] At the request of Commissioner William Cameron Forbes, Burnham visited the country in 1905 at the height of the City Beautiful movement, a trend in the early 1900s in America to make cities beautiful along scientific lines, for the future urban development of Manila and Baguio.[12]

Original concept

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Construction of Cavite Boulevard, 1912
 
Aerial view of Dewey Boulevard, 1931

According to Burnham's original concept of the Cavite Boulevard, the bayfront from the Luneta southward should be a continuous parkway, extending with time to the Cavite Navy Yard about 20 miles (32 km) away. This boulevard, about 250 ft (76 m) in width, with roadways, tramways, bridle paths, rich plantations, and broad sidewalks, should be available for all classes of people in all sorts of conveyances, and so well-shaded with coconut palms, bamboo, and mangoes as to furnish protection from the elements at all times.

"In order to make the boulevard presentable and useful as soon as possible, a quick-growing tree like the acacia might be planted, alternating with the trees of slower growth, and be replaced after the latter attain their growth. The boulevard's seaward side should be planted so as to interrupt occasionally the view of the sea and, by thus adding somewhat of mystery, enhance the value of the stretch of ocean and sky. The boulevard would be on reclaimed land to about as far south as the old Fort San Antonio Abad in Malate, beyond which it strikes the beach and follows the shoreline to Cavite. The possible extension of the ocean boulevard along the north shore would naturally depend upon the development of the town in that direction and upon the question of additional harbor works north of the Pasig River."[12]

During World War II, the boulevard served as a runway of its namesake airfield.[13][14] During the 1945 Battle of Manila, however, the Japanese forces cut down palm trees along the boulevard to convert it into an improvised runway.

Contemporary history

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In 1992, flyovers crossing intersecting roads along the boulevard, such as the Roxas Boulevard–Gil Puyat Flyover and Roxas Boulevard–EDSA Flyover, were opened.[15]

On May 13, 2024, Manila Mayor Honey Lacuna signed Ordinance No. 9047 to make Roxas Boulevard's Manila section partly car-free every early Sunday morning starting May 26.[16]

Route description

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Roxas Boulevard starts at Rizal Park in Manila as a continuation of Bonifacio Drive. The road passes through many tall buildings, restaurants, banks, monuments, and other establishments as it curves along Manila Bay. The United States Embassy is located near Rizal Park. A kilometer south are the headquarters of Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) and Philippine Navy in the Malate district of Manila. After the BSP building, the boulevard enters Pasay, passing through the Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP Complex) and Star City. It then intersects with Gil Puyat Avenue and Jose W. Diokno Boulevard, where it ascends through the Gil Puyat Flyover. It then parallels Macapagal Boulevard. It ascends again to intersect Epifanio de los Santos Avenue (EDSA) through the flyover of the same name; there, the route number transitions from N120/AH26, a secondary road, to N61, a primary road. A few meters after passing EDSA, it enters Parañaque, continues into a straight route until it ends on an intersection with MIA Road and Seaside Drive, where the road continues south as Manila–Cavite Expressway (CAVITEX/E3), which is also known as Coastal Road.

Landmarks

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The historic Rizal Park marks the northern end of the boulevard.
 
The Malate section of Roxas Boulevard is famous for Baywalk and Plaza Rajah Sulayman.
 
Manila's Baywalk along Roxas Boulevard

Churches

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Urban parks

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Entertainment parks

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Plazas

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CCP Complex

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Main article: Cultural Center of the Philippines Complex

Government buildings

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Foreign embassies

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Museums

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Hospitals

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Hotels

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Yacht club

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Educational Institutions

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Intersections

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Roxas Boulevard facing south, showing the Manila Yacht Club and the Cultural Center of the Philippines Complex
 
Roxas Boulevard facing north from Baclaran area, Pasay

Intersections are numbered by kilometer post, with Rizal Park in Manila designated as kilometer 0. The kilometer count is discontinuous. 

ProvinceCity/Municipalitykm[1][2]miDestinationsNotes
Parañaque7.4444.625   N194 (NAIA Road) / Seaside Drive – AirportSouthern terminus; continues south as   E3 (CAVITEx)
6.5464.067Asean Avenue (Aseana Avenue)Southbound access only; northbound access via U-turn slot under EDSA Flyover
6.3483.944  N192 (Airport Road)No left turn allowed from southbound
6.0993.790Bradco AvenueSouthbound access only; northbound access via U-turn slot under EDSA Flyover
5.8113.611Redemptorist RoadNorthbound access only
PasaySouth end of EDSA Flyover
5.2563.266  AH 26 (N1) (EDSA)End of AH26 overlap; route number change from N61 to N120
North end of EDSA Flyover
4.1912.604Arnaiz AvenueNorthbound access only; southbound access via U-turn slot under Buendia/Gil Puyat Flyover
South end of Gil Puyat Flyover
4.4692.777  N190 (Gil Puyat Avenue)
North end of Gil Puyat Flyover
Manila2.5811.604Pablo Ocampo Street / Pedro Bukaneg StreetNo left turn allowed from northbound and southbound
2.1211.318  N140 (Quirino Avenue)
2.3491.460San Andres StreetNorthbound access only
Remedios StreetNorthbound access only
1.0620.660Pedro Gil Street
Padre Faura StreetNorthbound access only
  N156 (United Nations Avenue)
  N155 (Kalaw Avenue) / South Drive
0.0000.000Kilometer zero (Kilometer count reverses)
0.2050.127  N150 (Padre Burgos Avenue) / Katigbak ParkwayNorthern terminus; continues north as   AH 26 (N120) (Bonifacio Drive)
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b "South Manila". DPWH Road Atlas. Department of Public Works and Highways. Archived from the original on December 22, 2015. Retrieved December 12, 2015.
  2. ^ a b "Metro Manila 2nd". DPWH Road Atlas. Department of Public Works and Highways.
  3. ^ "Manila map". University of Texas at Austin Library. Retrieved on June 5, 2011.
  4. ^ "Rizal Park-Manila Map". Google Maps. Retrieved on June 5, 2011.
  5. ^ "United States Congressional serial set, Issue 5280 - Act no. 1745, Section 2a", pg. 417. Government Printing Office, Washington.
  6. ^ Map of city of Manila and vicinity (Map). 1:10560. Manila?: Office of Dept. Engineer, Phil. Dept. 1919. Retrieved October 10, 2021.
  7. ^ Executive Order No. 41, s. 1942 (1942), Changing the name of Dewey Boulevard to Heiwa Boulevard; Taft Avenue to Daitoa Avenue; Harrison Boulevard to Koa Boulevard; Jones Bridge to Banzai Bridge; Harrison Park to Rizal Park; and Wallace Field and Burnham Green to Plaza Bagong Filipinas, retrieved April 26, 2021
  8. ^ Republic Act No. 3827 (June 22, 1963), "An Act Changing the Name of Dewey Boulevard, Extending from the City of Manila, Through the City of Pasay, to the Municipality of Parañaque, Province of Rizal, and Any Future Extension Thereof Up to Cavite City, to President Roxas Boulevard", Lawphil, retrieved May 18, 2024
  9. ^ Executive Order No. 483 (November 6, 1951), Establishing the Classification of Roads, retrieved September 23, 2021
  10. ^ "Intersection of Roxas Blvd. and NAIA Rd". Google Maps. Retrieved on June 5, 2011.
  11. ^ (1910). "Report of the Philippine Commission to the Secretary of War", pg.68. Government Printing Office, Washington.
  12. ^ a b (1907-03). "Far Eastern Review - Details and Description of the Burnham Plans for the Reconstruction of Manila", pg.322. Google Books. Retrieved on April 13, 2012.
  13. ^ Manila and Suburbs, (Japanese Airfields) Philippines (Map). July 25, 1944. Retrieved June 17, 2024.
  14. ^ "https://pacificwrecks.com/airfields/philippines/dewey/index.html". Pacific Wrecks. Retrieved June 17, 2024. {{cite web}}: External link in |title= (help)
  15. ^ "ROAD AND BRIDGE INFORMATION APPLICATION". Department of Public Works and Highways. Retrieved May 18, 2024.
  16. ^ "MANILA TO MAKE ROXAS BOULEVARD WALKABLE, BIKEABLE ON 'CAR-FREE SUNDAYS' STARTING MAY 26". Lungsod ng Manila. May 13, 2024. Retrieved May 18, 2024.
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