Satyadhyana Tirtha (Śrī Satya-dhyāna Tīrtha) (24 December 1872 – 24 March 1942) was an Indian Hindu philosopher, scholar, yogi, mystic, theologian and saint. He was the 38th pontiff of Uttaradi Math and served the pontificate from 1911-1942. He was considered most active and zealous pontiffs of 20th century.[1] He was an untiring propagandist, the best debater of his days and almost a terror to his adversaries in philosophical polemics. It was at his initiative and inspiration that a splendid Marathi translation of Madhva's Brahmasutra Bhashya, with the Tatvaprakashika of Jayatirtha was published for the benefit of a large number of followers of Madhvacharya in Maharashtra.[2] He made extensive tours all over India, held disputations and published polemical tracts and pamphlets in many languages in North and South India for free distribution. He started, Sriman Madhva Siddhanta Abhivruddhikarini Sabha around 1905-06 and registered in 1930 to promote the study of Sanskrit literature and philosophy, particularly the study of Dvaita Philosophy, to hold meetings and conferences of Madhva scholars.[3]
His Holiness Śrī Śrī 1008 Śrī Satyadhyana Tirtha Śrīpād | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Personal | |
| Born | Korlahalli Sethuramacharya 24 December 1872 |
| Died | 24 March 1942 (aged 69) |
| Religion | Hinduism |
| Spouse | Savitri Bai |
| Organization | |
| Order | Vedanta (Uttaradi Math) |
| Philosophy | Dvaita, Vaishnavism |
| Religious career | |
| Guru | Satyajnana Tirtha |
| Successor | Satyaprajna Tirtha |
| Literary works | Gitasarasangraha, Chandrikamandanam, Advaita Branti Prakasha, Sudarshana Mahatmya |
Biography
editSatyadhyana Tirtha was born into an ancient Deshastha Madhva Brahmin family[4] of erudite scholars on 24 December 1872 in a village called Chikodi in Karnataka to Korlahalli Jayaramacharya (Purvashrama name of Satyadhira Tirtha) and Krishna Bai. Satyadhyana Tirtha's purvashrama name was Korlahalli Sethuramacharya. His father Satyadhira Tirtha was 37th pontiff of Uttaradi Matha.[5] Satyadhyana Tirtha had wide experience in the administration of the mutt, for many years as the diwan of the mutt. He was a shrewd judge of men and things. He had a keen sense of humour and had a ready way of putting everyone at ease with him. He was always accessible to students, scholars and those interested in philosophical problems. He appreciated Sāstraic learning wherever it was found, irrespective of sectarian affiliations. He had a knack of discovering hidden talent in the younger generation and inspired many young scholars who had taken University degrees in Sanskrit and Philosophy with a zest for research work in Vedanta.[2] He championed the cause of Dvaita Vedanta for more than a quarter of century and made a deep and lasting impression on the world of traditional scholarship in Vedanta, by his tours and disputations and by his publications, distributed free all around. At the famous Dvaita-Advaita debate in Kumbakonam in 1929-30, Satyadhyana Tirtha made history by engaging some of the veteran scholars of advaita headed by Anantha Krishna Shastri and forcing them all to retreat in despair.[2] He engaged leading men of his day like Bal Gangadhar Tilak in philosophical debate; and founded a chair of Dvaita Vedanta and an endowment for the publication of Dvaita works written by North Indian authors, at the Benares Sanskrit College and edited Abhinavagada, Advaitakalanala, and other controversial classics.[2] He gave sumptuous encouragement to scholars of all schools of thought and used to hold annual sabhas of scholars at Tirupati, and elsewhere, to examine and reward scholars in various branches of learning. He was foremost of the pontiffs of Hinduism. He travelled all over India many times, visiting great centers of traditional learning and places of religious importance like Benares, Gaya and Dwaraka in north and places in the south. He created a countrywide revival of interest on Madhva Siddhāntha and raised the prestige of the system in the estimation of the followers of other schools of Vedanta. He made a deep impression on the contemporary philosophical life, by his magnetic personality and by his untiring energy and drive.[2] Satyadhyana Tirtha ruled the pontificate for 31 years. After his death on 24 March 1942, his mortal remains were enshrined in the mutt at Pandharpur in Maharashtra. He was succeeded by Satyaprajna Tirtha.[5]
Works
editSatyadhyana Tīrtha authored many works consisting of polemical tracts, commentaries on the works of Madhva and Jayatirtha. His Chandrikamandanam is a refutation of Ramasubba Shastri of Thiruvisanallur's critique of Tatparyachandrika of Vyasatirtha.
List of Notable works
editThe following are his notable works:[2][6]
Sanskrit
- Gitasarasangraha
- Gitapradhipadarthachadrika
- Bheda Paranyeva Khalu Brahma Sutrani
- Chandrikamandanam
- Gita Vimarsha
- Brahma Sutra Vimarsha
- Advaita Branti Prakasha
- Gita Lekhana Mala
- Bhasma Dharana Nisheda tathaa Urdhvapundra Dharanam
- Sudarshana Mahatmya
Kannada
- Sabhasara Sangraha Part I (civil suit), II and III
- Geethopanyasagalu
References
edit- ^ Sharma 2000, p. 548.
- ^ a b c d e f Sharma 2000, p. 549.
- ^ Bulletin. Institute of Traditional Cultures. 1957. p. 130.
- ^ Sharma 2000, p. 198.
- ^ a b Rao 1984, p. 90.
- ^ Potter 1995, p. 1473.
Bibliography
edit- Rao, C. R. (1984). Srimat Uttaradi Mutt: Moola Maha Samsthana of Srimadjagadguru Madhvacharya.
- Sharma, B. N. Krishnamurti (2000). A History of the Dvaita School of Vedānta and Its Literature, Vol 1. 3rd Edition. Motilal Banarsidass (2008 Reprint). ISBN 978-8120815759.
- Potter, Karl H. (1995). Encyclopedia of Indian philosophies. 1, Bibliography : Section 1, Volumes 1-2. Motilal Banarsidass Publications. ISBN 978-8120803084.
- Dasgupta, Surendranath (1975). A History of Indian Philosophy, Volume 4. Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 978-8120804159.