Scalpay (/ˈskælpeɪ/;[6] Scottish Gaelic: Sgalpaigh or Sgalpaigh na Hearadh; i.e. "Scalpay of Harris" to distinguish it from Scalpay off Skye) is an island in the Outer Hebrides of Scotland.
| Scottish Gaelic name | Sgalpaigh (na Hearadh) |
|---|---|
| Pronunciation | [ˈs̪kal̪ˠpaj] |
| Old Norse name | Skalprøy[1] |
| Meaning of name | scallop island or ship Island |
| Location | |
  Scalpay Scalpay shown within Outer Hebrides | |
| OS grid reference | NG214965 |
| Coordinates | 57°51′54″N 06°40′39″W / 57.86500°N 6.67750°W |
| Physical geography | |
| Island group | Lewis and Harris |
| Area | 653 ha (2+1⁄2 sq mi) |
| Area rank | 66 [2] |
| Highest elevation | Beinn Scorabhaig 104 m (341 ft) |
| Administration | |
| Council area | Comhairle nan Eilean Siar |
| Country | Scotland |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Demographics | |
| Population | 291[3] |
| Population rank | 26 [2] |
| Population density | 44.5/km2 (115/sq mi)[1][3] |
| Largest settlement | Am Baile (The Village) |
 | |
| References | [1][4][5] |
Toponym
editMac an Tàilleir (2003) suggests the name derives from "ship island" from the Norse.[7] However, Haswell-Smith states that the Old Norse name was Skalprøy, meaning "scallop island".[1]
Geology and geography
editScalpay is around 4 kilometres (2+1⁄2 miles) long and rises to a height of 104 metres (341 feet) at Beinn Scorabhaig. The area of Scalpay is 653 hectares (2+1⁄2 sq mi). The main settlement on the island is at the north, near the bridge, clustered around An Acairseid a Tuath (North Harbour).
The bedrock of northwest and of southeast Scalpay is Archaean gneiss belonging to the Lewisian Complex. Across the centre of the island is a band of mylonite and protocataclasite associated with the Outer Hebrides Thrust Zone. Some restricted occurrences of amphibolite and ultramafic rocks are also present. A number of tholeiitic dykes of Tertiary age cross the island with a NW-SE alignment. Scalpay is largely free from superficial deposits apart from an area of peat in the northeast. [8][9]
The island is peppered with small lochans. The largest of these is Loch an Duin (Loch of the Fort) which has a tiny island in it, with the remains of the fort still visible. Eilean Glas, a tiny peninsula on Scalpay's eastern shore, is home to the first lighthouse to be built in the Outer Hebrides.
Scalpay's nearest neighbour, Harris, is just 300 metres (1,000 feet) away across the narrows of Caolas Scalpaigh. In 1997, a bridge from Harris to Scalpay was built,[10] replacing a ferry service.
History
editIn 1746, Charles Edward Stuart fled to Scalpay after his forces were defeated at the Battle of Culloden.
Scalpay is home to many Gaelic singers and psalm precentors. The island used to have more than 10 shops over 30 years ago but due to lack of people and work, the last shop closed in 2007. There also used to be a salmon factory, which was a major local employer from 2001 until its closure in 2005. In the spring of 2009, local newspapers reported that the factory was to reopen as a net washing facility to support the local fish farming industry. In 2012, the Scalpay community bought and opened a community shop/café, Buth Scalpaigh.[11]
Photographer Marco Secchi lived on Scalpay for few years between 2002-2008 and documented life and landscape of the Outer Hebrides.
In 2011 the island's owner, Fred Taylor, announced that he proposed handing over the land to the local population. One proposal was that the island would be owned by a local development trust; under another proposal it would form part of the larger North Harris Trust, itself community owned.[12] Islanders voted to accept the gift and assume community ownership of the island. They will go into partnership with the North Harris Community Trust to run the island.[13]
Demographics
editIn 2001, the island had 322 people, whose main employment was fish farming and prawn fishing. By 2011 the population had declined by 9% to 291[3] whilst during the same period Scottish island populations as a whole grew by 4% to 103,702.[14]
The vast majority of the locals in Scalpay are Protestants. The island is home to two Presbyterian churches, the Free Church of Scotland and the Free Church of Scotland (Continuing).
See also
edit
Footnotes
edit- ^ a b c d Haswell-Smith, Hamish (2004). The Scottish Islands. Edinburgh: Canongate. ISBN 978-1-84195-454-7.
- ^ a b Area and population ranks: there are c. 300 islands over 20 ha in extent and 93 permanently inhabited islands were listed in the 2011 census.
- ^ a b c National Records of Scotland (15 August 2013). "Appendix 2: Population and households on Scotland's Inhabited Islands" (PDF). Statistical Bulletin: 2011 Census: First Results on Population and Household Estimates for Scotland Release 1C (Part Two) (PDF) (Report). SG/2013/126. Retrieved 14 August 2020.
- ^ Ordnance Survey. OS Maps Online (Map). 1:25,000. Leisure.
- ^ Mac an Tàilleir, Iain (2003) Ainmean-àite/Placenames. (pdf) Pàrlamaid na h-Alba. Retrieved 26 August 2012.
- ^ Wells, John C. (2008). Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (3rd ed.). Longman. ISBN 978-1-4058-8118-0.
- ^ Mac an Tàilleir p. 103
- ^ "Onshore Geoindex". British Geological Survey. British Geological Survey. Retrieved 5 February 2020.
- ^ "Lewis and Harris (south), 1:100,000 Solid Geology". BGS large map images. British Geological Survey. Retrieved 5 February 2020.
- ^ "Scalpay Bridge". Comhairle nan Eilean Siar. Retrieved 24 February 2019.
- ^ "Scalpay community shop opening". Stornoway Gazette. 9 May 2012. Retrieved 2 June 2013.
- ^ "Islanders offered home as a 'free gift' from London owner". Senscot, quoting the Press and Journal. 18 February 2011. Retrieved 11 March 2011.
- ^ "Scalpay islanders vote in favour of takeover". BBC News. 6 November 2012. Retrieved 2 June 2013.
- ^ "Scotland's 2011 census: Island living on the rise". BBC News. Retrieved 18 August 2013.