Sinopa

Sinopa; Temporal range: 50.5–39.7 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Early to Middle Eocene
	Sinopa major skeleton
	Sinopa rapax skeleton
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	†Hyaenodonta
Family:	†Sinopidae
Genus:	†Sinopa; Leidy, 1871
Type species
	†Sinopa rapax; Leidy, 1871
Species
	†S. jilinia (Morlo, 2014); †S. lania (Matthew, 1909); †S. longipes (Peterson, 1919); †S. major (Wortman, 1902); †S. minor (Wortman, 1902); †S. piercei (Bown, 1982); †S. pungens (Cope, 1872); †S. rapax (Leidy, 1871);
Synonyms
	synonyms of genus: Mimocyon (Peterson, 1919) ; Proviverroides (Bown, 1982) ; Stypolophus (Cope, 1872) ; Triacodon (Marsh, 1871) ; synonyms of species: S. longipes: Miacis longipes (Simpson, 1945) ; Mimocyon longipes (Peterson, 1919) ; Proviverra longipes (Dawson, 1980) ; ; S. major: Proviverra grangeri (Van Valen, 1965) ; Proviverra major (Gustafson, 1986) ; Sinopa grangeri (Matthew, 1906) ; ; S. minor: Proviverra minor (Van Valen, 1965) ; ; S. piercei: Proviverroides piercei (Bown, 1982) ; ; S. pungens: Proviverra pungens (Van Valen, 1965) ; Stypolophus pungens (Cope, 1872) ; ; S. rapax: Proviverra rapax (Van Valen, 1965) ; Sinopa aculeatus (Cope, 1871) ; Stypolophus aculeatus (Cope, 1872) ; Stypolophus rapax ; Triacodon aculeatus (Cope, 1872) ; Triacodon fallax (Marsh, 1872) ; ;

Sinopa ("swift fox")^[12] is an extinct genus of placental mammals from extinct family Sinopidae within extinct order Hyaenodonta, that lived in North America and Asia from the early to middle Eocene.^[13]^[14]

Description

Sinopa was a small genus of hyaenodontid mammals. Its carnassial teeth were the second upper molar and the lower third. Sinopa species had an estimated weight of 1.33 to 13.97 kilograms.^[15] The type specimen was found in the Bridger formation in Uinta County, Wyoming, and existed 50.3 to 46.2 million years ago.

Taxonomy

The putative African species "Sinopa" ethiopica from Egypt was considered a species of Metasinopa by Savage (1965), although Holroyd (1994) considered it a potential new genus related to Quasiapterodon.^[16]

References

^ M. Morlo, K. Bastl, W. Wu and S. F. K. Schaal (2014.) "The first species of Sinopa (Hyaenodontida, Mammalia) from outside of North America: implications for the history of the genus in the Eocene of Asia and North America." Palaeontology 57(1):111-125
^ W. D. Matthew (1909.) "The Carnivora and Insectivora of the Bridger Basin, middle Eocene." Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History 9:289-567
^ O. A. Peterson (1919.) "Report Upon the Material Discovered in the Upper Eocene of the Uinta Basin by Earl Douglas in the Years 1908-1909, and by O. A. Peterson in 1912." Annals of Carnegie Museum 12(2):40-168
^ J. L. Wortman (1902.) "Studies of Eocene Mammalia in the Marsh Collection, Peabody Museum." The American Journal of Science, series 4 14(79):17-23
^ T. M. Bown (1982.) "Geology, Paleontology, and Correlation of Eocene Volcaniclastic Rocks, Southeast Absaroka Range, Hot Springs County, Wyoming." United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 1201-A:A1-A75
^ E. D. Cope (1872.) "Second account of new Vertebrata from the Bridger Eocene." Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society (separate) 1-3
^ J. Leidy (1871) "Remarks on fossil vertebrates from Wyoming." Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 23(2):228-229
^ J. Alroy (2002.) "Synonymies and reidentifications of North American fossil mammals."
^ L. Van Valen (1965.) "Some European Proviverrini (Mammalia, Deltatheridia)." Palaeontology 8(4):638-665
^ E. P. Gustafson (1986.) "Carnivorous mammals of the Late Eocene and Early Oligocene of Trans-Pecos Texas." Texas Memorial Museum Bulletin 33:1-66
^ E. D. Cope (1871.) "Descriptions of some new Vertebrata from the Bridger Group of the Eocene." Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 12:460-465
^ Floréal Solé; Jocelyn Falconnet; Laurent Yves (2014). "New proviverrines (Hyaenodontida) from the early Eocene of Europe; phylogeny and ecological evolution of the Proviverrinae". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 171 (4): 878–917. doi:10.1111/zoj.12155.
^ "Sinopa". The Paleobiology Database. Retrieved 3 May 2011.
^ Tomiya, S.; Zack, S. P.; Spaulding, M.; Flynn, J. J. (2021). "Carnivorous mammals from the middle Eocene Washakie Formation, Wyoming, USA, and their diversity trajectory in a post-warming world". Journal of Paleontology. 95 (Supplement S82): 1–115. Bibcode:2021JPal...95S...1T. doi:10.1017/jpa.2020.74. hdl:2433/274918.
^ Egi, Naoko (2001). "Body mass estimates in extinct mammals from limb bone dimensions: the case of North American hyaenodontids" (PDF). Palaeontology. 44 (3): 497–528. Bibcode:2001Palgy..44..497E. doi:10.1111/1475-4983.00189. S2CID 128832577. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-04-13. Retrieved 2021-03-19.
^ Lewis, M. E., Morlo, M. (2010): Creodonta. – In : Werdelin, L., Sanders, W. (eds), Cenozoic Mammals of Africa. University of California Press, Berkeley, pp. 543–560. https://doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520257214.003.0026

Media related to Sinopa at Wikimedia Commons

[1] M. Morlo, K. Bastl, W. Wu and S. F. K. Schaal (2014.) "The first species of Sinopa (Hyaenodontida, Mammalia) from outside of North America: implications for the history of the genus in the Eocene of Asia and North America." Palaeontology 57(1):111-125

[2] W. D. Matthew (1909.) "The Carnivora and Insectivora of the Bridger Basin, middle Eocene." Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History 9:289-567

[3] O. A. Peterson (1919.) "Report Upon the Material Discovered in the Upper Eocene of the Uinta Basin by Earl Douglas in the Years 1908-1909, and by O. A. Peterson in 1912." Annals of Carnegie Museum 12(2):40-168

[4] J. L. Wortman (1902.) "Studies of Eocene Mammalia in the Marsh Collection, Peabody Museum." The American Journal of Science, series 4 14(79):17-23

[5] T. M. Bown (1982.) "Geology, Paleontology, and Correlation of Eocene Volcaniclastic Rocks, Southeast Absaroka Range, Hot Springs County, Wyoming." United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 1201-A:A1-A75

[6] E. D. Cope (1872.) "Second account of new Vertebrata from the Bridger Eocene." Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society (separate) 1-3

[7] J. Leidy (1871) "Remarks on fossil vertebrates from Wyoming." Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 23(2):228-229

[8] J. Alroy (2002.) "Synonymies and reidentifications of North American fossil mammals."

[9] L. Van Valen (1965.) "Some European Proviverrini (Mammalia, Deltatheridia)." Palaeontology 8(4):638-665

[10] E. P. Gustafson (1986.) "Carnivorous mammals of the Late Eocene and Early Oligocene of Trans-Pecos Texas." Texas Memorial Museum Bulletin 33:1-66

[11] E. D. Cope (1871.) "Descriptions of some new Vertebrata from the Bridger Group of the Eocene." Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 12:460-465

[ZJLS14proviverrines-12] Floréal Solé; Jocelyn Falconnet; Laurent Yves (2014). "New proviverrines (Hyaenodontida) from the early Eocene of Europe; phylogeny and ecological evolution of the Proviverrinae". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 171 (4): 878–917. doi:10.1111/zoj.12155.

[13] "Sinopa". The Paleobiology Database. Retrieved 3 May 2011.

[14] Tomiya, S.; Zack, S. P.; Spaulding, M.; Flynn, J. J. (2021). "Carnivorous mammals from the middle Eocene Washakie Formation, Wyoming, USA, and their diversity trajectory in a post-warming world". Journal of Paleontology. 95 (Supplement S82): 1–115. Bibcode:2021JPal...95S...1T. doi:10.1017/jpa.2020.74. hdl:2433/274918.

[15] Egi, Naoko (2001). "Body mass estimates in extinct mammals from limb bone dimensions: the case of North American hyaenodontids" (PDF). Palaeontology. 44 (3): 497–528. Bibcode:2001Palgy..44..497E. doi:10.1111/1475-4983.00189. S2CID 128832577. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-04-13. Retrieved 2021-03-19.

[16] Lewis, M. E., Morlo, M. (2010): Creodonta. – In : Werdelin, L., Sanders, W. (eds), Cenozoic Mammals of Africa. University of California Press, Berkeley, pp. 543–560. https://doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520257214.003.0026

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Sinopa Temporal range: 50.5–39.7 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Early to Middle Eocene

Sinopa major skeleton

Sinopa rapax skeleton
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	†Hyaenodonta
Family:	†Sinopidae
Genus:	†Sinopa Leidy, 1871
Type species
†Sinopa rapax Leidy, 1871
Species
†S. jilinia (Morlo, 2014)^[1] †S. lania (Matthew, 1909)^[2] †S. longipes (Peterson, 1919)^[3] †S. major (Wortman, 1902)^[4] †S. minor (Wortman, 1902) †S. piercei (Bown, 1982)^[5] †S. pungens (Cope, 1872)^[6] †S. rapax (Leidy, 1871)^[7]
Synonyms^[8]
synonyms of genus: Mimocyon (Peterson, 1919) Proviverroides (Bown, 1982) Stypolophus (Cope, 1872) Triacodon (Marsh, 1871) synonyms of species: S. longipes: Miacis longipes (Simpson, 1945) Mimocyon longipes (Peterson, 1919) Proviverra longipes (Dawson, 1980) S. major: Proviverra grangeri (Van Valen, 1965)^[9] Proviverra major (Gustafson, 1986)^[10] Sinopa grangeri (Matthew, 1906) S. minor: Proviverra minor (Van Valen, 1965) S. piercei: Proviverroides piercei (Bown, 1982) S. pungens: Proviverra pungens (Van Valen, 1965) Stypolophus pungens (Cope, 1872) S. rapax: Proviverra rapax (Van Valen, 1965) Sinopa aculeatus (Cope, 1871)^[11] Stypolophus aculeatus (Cope, 1872) Stypolophus rapax Triacodon aculeatus (Cope, 1872) Triacodon fallax (Marsh, 1872)