Solar eclipse of June 17, 1909

A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit between Thursday, June 17 and Friday, June 18, 1909,[1][2][3][4] with a magnitude of 1.0065. It was a hybrid event, with a long section of its path as total, and smaller sections at the start and end as an annular eclipse. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. The Moon's apparent diameter was near the average diameter because it occurred 5.4 days after perigee (on June 12, 1909, at 16:00 UTC) and 7.5 days before apogee (on June 25, 1909, at 12:00 UTC).[5]

Solar eclipse of June 17, 1909
Map
Type of eclipse
NatureHybrid
Gamma0.8957
Magnitude1.0065
Maximum eclipse
Duration24 s (0 min 24 s)
Coordinates82°54′N 123°36′E / 82.9°N 123.6°E / 82.9; 123.6
Max. width of band51 km (32 mi)
Times (UTC)
Greatest eclipse23:18:38
References
Saros145 (16 of 77)
Catalog # (SE5000)9302

The path of totality crossed central Russia, the Arctic Ocean, northeastern Ellesmere Island in Canada, Greenland, and annularity crossed southern Siberia in Russia (now in northeastern Kazakhstan and southern Russia) and southern Greenland. A partial eclipse was visible for parts of East Asia and northern North America.

Eclipse details

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Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[6]

June 17, 1909 Solar Eclipse Times
Event Time (UTC)
First Penumbral External Contact 1909 June 17 at 21:00:24.0 UTC
First Umbral External Contact 1909 June 17 at 22:30:16.6 UTC
First Central Line 1909 June 17 at 22:30:18.7 UTC
First Umbral Internal Contact 1909 June 17 at 22:30:20.9 UTC
Greatest Duration 1909 June 17 at 23:16:41.2 UTC
Greatest Eclipse 1909 June 17 at 23:18:38.1 UTC
Ecliptic Conjunction 1909 June 17 at 23:28:20.1 UTC
Equatorial Conjunction 1909 June 17 at 23:31:17.2 UTC
Last Umbral Internal Contact 1909 June 18 at 00:06:44.2 UTC
Last Central Line 1909 June 18 at 00:06:49.2 UTC
Last Umbral External Contact 1909 June 18 at 00:06:54.2 UTC
Last Penumbral External Contact 1909 June 18 at 01:36:52.5 UTC
June 17, 1909 Solar Eclipse Parameters
Parameter Value
Eclipse Magnitude 1.00647
Eclipse Obscuration 1.01299
Gamma 0.89568
Sun Right Ascension 05h42m52.5s
Sun Declination +23°23'35.6"
Sun Semi-Diameter 15'44.3"
Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 08.7"
Moon Right Ascension 05h42m23.6s
Moon Declination +24°14'45.8"
Moon Semi-Diameter 15'44.1"
Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 0°57'44.9"
ΔT 9.7 s

Eclipse season

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This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.

Eclipse season of June 1909
June 4
Descending node (full moon)
June 17
Ascending node (new moon)
   
Total lunar eclipse
Lunar Saros 119
Hybrid solar eclipse
Solar Saros 145
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Eclipses in 1909

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Metonic

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Tzolkinex

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Half-Saros

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Tritos

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Solar Saros 145

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Inex

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Triad

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Solar eclipses of 1906–1909

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This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[7]

The partial solar eclipses on February 23, 1906 and August 20, 1906 occur in the previous lunar year eclipse set.

Solar eclipse series sets from 1906 to 1909
Ascending node   Descending node
Saros Map Gamma Saros Map Gamma
115 July 21, 1906
 
Partial
−1.3637 120 January 14, 1907
 
Total
0.8628
125 July 10, 1907
 
Annular
−0.6313 130 January 3, 1908
 
Total
0.1934
135 June 28, 1908
 
Annular
0.1389 140 December 23, 1908
 
Hybrid
−0.4985
145 June 17, 1909
 
Hybrid
0.8957 150 December 12, 1909
 
Partial
−1.2456

Saros 145

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This eclipse is a part of Saros series 145, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 77 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on January 4, 1639. It contains an annular eclipse on June 6, 1891; a hybrid eclipse on June 17, 1909; and total eclipses from June 29, 1927 through September 9, 2648. The series ends at member 77 as a partial eclipse on April 17, 3009. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.

The longest duration of annularity was produced by member 15 at 6 seconds (by default) on June 6, 1891, and the longest duration of totality will be produced by member 50 at 7 minutes, 12 seconds on June 25, 2522. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit.[8]

Series members 10–32 occur between 1801 and 2200:
10 11 12
 
April 13, 1801
 
April 24, 1819
 
May 4, 1837
13 14 15
 
May 16, 1855
 
May 26, 1873
 
June 6, 1891
16 17 18
 
June 17, 1909
 
June 29, 1927
 
July 9, 1945
19 20 21
 
July 20, 1963
 
July 31, 1981
 
August 11, 1999
22 23 24
 
August 21, 2017
 
September 2, 2035
 
September 12, 2053
25 26 27
 
September 23, 2071
 
October 4, 2089
 
October 16, 2107
28 29 30
 
October 26, 2125
 
November 7, 2143
 
November 17, 2161
31 32
 
November 28, 2179
 
December 9, 2197

Metonic series

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The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's ascending node.

25 eclipse events between April 5, 1837 and June 17, 1928
April 5–6 January 22–23 November 10–11 August 28–30 June 17–18
107 109 111 113 115
 
April 5, 1837
 
January 22, 1841
 
November 10, 1844
 
August 28, 1848
 
June 17, 1852
117 119 121 123 125
 
April 5, 1856
 
January 23, 1860
 
November 11, 1863
 
August 29, 1867
 
June 18, 1871
127 129 131 133 135
 
April 6, 1875
 
January 22, 1879
 
November 10, 1882
 
August 29, 1886
 
June 17, 1890
137 139 141 143 145
 
April 6, 1894
 
January 22, 1898
 
November 11, 1901
 
August 30, 1905
 
June 17, 1909
147 149 151 153 155
 
April 6, 1913
 
January 23, 1917
 
November 10, 1920
 
August 30, 1924
 
June 17, 1928

Tritos series

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This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

The partial solar eclipse on November 4, 2116 (part of Saros 164) is also a part of this series but is not included in the table below.

Series members between 1801 and 2029
 
March 24, 1811
(Saros 136)
 
February 21, 1822
(Saros 137)
 
January 20, 1833
(Saros 138)
 
December 21, 1843
(Saros 139)
 
November 20, 1854
(Saros 140)
 
October 19, 1865
(Saros 141)
 
September 17, 1876
(Saros 142)
 
August 19, 1887
(Saros 143)
 
July 18, 1898
(Saros 144)
 
June 17, 1909
(Saros 145)
 
May 18, 1920
(Saros 146)
 
April 18, 1931
(Saros 147)
 
March 16, 1942
(Saros 148)
 
February 14, 1953
(Saros 149)
 
January 14, 1964
(Saros 150)
 
December 13, 1974
(Saros 151)
 
November 12, 1985
(Saros 152)
 
October 12, 1996
(Saros 153)
 
September 11, 2007
(Saros 154)
 
August 11, 2018
(Saros 155)
 
July 11, 2029
(Saros 156)

Inex series

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This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
 
August 16, 1822
(Saros 142)
 
July 28, 1851
(Saros 143)
 
July 7, 1880
(Saros 144)
 
June 17, 1909
(Saros 145)
 
May 29, 1938
(Saros 146)
 
May 9, 1967
(Saros 147)
 
April 17, 1996
(Saros 148)
 
March 29, 2025
(Saros 149)
 
March 9, 2054
(Saros 150)
 
February 16, 2083
(Saros 151)
 
January 29, 2112
(Saros 152)
 
January 8, 2141
(Saros 153)
 
December 18, 2169
(Saros 154)
 
November 28, 2198
(Saros 155)
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  1. ^ "June 17–18, 1909 Total Solar Eclipse". timeanddate. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  2. ^ "First eclipse of sun for this year today". Knoxville Sentinel. Knoxville, Tennessee. 1909-06-17. p. 4. Retrieved 2023-11-01 – via Newspapers.com.
  3. ^ Frederic J. Haskin (1909-06-17). "Eclipse of the sun". The Salt Lake Herald. Salt Lake City, Utah. p. 4. Retrieved 2023-11-01 – via Newspapers.com.
  4. ^ "Today's shadow of the sun scarcely visible in this region". Daily News-Republican. Lawton, Oklahoma. 1909-06-17. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-11-01 – via Newspapers.com.
  5. ^ "Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England". timeanddate. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  6. ^ "Hybrid Solar Eclipse of 1909 Jun 17". EclipseWise.com. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  7. ^ van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
  8. ^ "NASA - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 145". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.