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Tarsius

Tarsius is a genus of tarsiers, small primates native to islands of Southeast Asia. Until 2010, all tarsier species were typically assigned to this genus, but a revision of the family Tarsiidae restored the generic status of Cephalopachus and created a new genus Carlito.[1]

Tarsius[1]
Temporal range: 48.6–0 Ma Eocene to recent
Gursky's spectral tarsier
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Primates
Suborder: Haplorhini
Family: Tarsiidae
Genus: Tarsius
Storr, 1780
Type species
Lemur tarsier
Erxleben, 1777
Species
Distribution and range of Tarsius supriatnai and other tarsier species in Sulawesi, Indonesia:
  Tarsius dentatus
  Tarsius wallacei
  Tarsius lariang
  Tarsius fuscus
  Tarsius pumilus
  Tarsius pelengensis
  Tarsius spectrumgurskyae
  Tarsius supriatnai
  Tarsius niemitzi

All members of Tarsius are found on Sulawesi, while Cephalopachus is found on Sundaland and Carlito in Greater Mindanao.

Species

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Genus Tarsius – Storr, 1780 – twelve species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Dian's tarsier


T. dentatus
Miller & Hollister, 1921 		Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
  		Size: 11–12 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 13–28 cm (5–11 in) tail[2][3]

Habitat: Forest[4]

Diet: Insects, as well as small vertebrates[2] 		 VU 


Unknown  [4]

Gursky's spectral tarsier

 

T. spectrumgurskyae
Shekelle, Groves, Maryanto & Mittermeier, 2017 		Northeastern Sulawesi (in purple)
  		Size: About 14 cm (6 in) long, plus 21–27 cm (8–11 in) tail[5]

Habitat: Forest[6]

Diet: Insects, as well as small vertebrates[6] 		 VU 


Unknown  [6]

Jatna's tarsier


T. supriatnai
Shekelle, Groves, Maryanto & Mittermeier, 2017 		Northern Sulawesi (in gray)
  		Size: About 14 cm (6 in) long, plus 23–25 cm (9–10 in) tail[5]

Habitat: Forest[7]

Diet: Insects, as well as small vertebrates[7] 		 VU 


Unknown  [7]

Lariang tarsier


T. lariang
Groves & Merker, 2006 		Central Sulawesi
  		Size: About 12 cm (5 in) long, plus 12–21 cm (5–8 in) tail[8]

Habitat: Forest[9]

Diet: Insects, as well as small vertebrates[9] 		 DD 


Unknown  [9]

Makassar tarsier

 

T. fuscus
Fischer von Waldheim, 1804 		Southern Sulawesi (in yellow)
  		Size: 12–13 cm (5 in) long, plus 24–26 cm (9–10 in) tail[10]

Habitat: Forest and caves[11]

Diet: Insects, as well as small vertebrates[10] 		 VU 


Unknown  [11]

Niemitz's tarsier


T. niemitzi
Shekelle, Groves, Maryanto, Mittermeier, Salim & Springer, 2019 		Northern Sulawesi (circled in black)
  		Size: About 14 cm (6 in) long, plus 24–26 cm (9–10 in) tail[12]

Habitat: Forest[13]

Diet: Insects, as well as small vertebrates[13] 		 EN 


10,000–20,000  [13]

Peleng tarsier


T. pelengensis
Sody, 1949 		Eastern Sulawesi
  		Size: 12–14 cm (5–6 in) long, plus 25–27 cm (10–11 in) tail[14]

Habitat: Forest[15]

Diet: Insects, as well as frogs, lizards, and other small vertebrates[15] 		 EN 


Unknown  [15]

Pygmy tarsier


T. pumilus
Miller, Hollister, 1921 		Central Sulawesi
  		Size: 8–11 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 20–21 cm (8 in) tail[16][17]

Habitat: Forest[18]

Diet: Arthropods and insects, as well as small vertebrates[16] 		 EN 


Unknown  [18]

Sangihe tarsier

 

T. sangirensis
Meyer, 1897 		Sangir Island, southeastern Philippines
  		Size: 12–13 cm (5 in) long, plus about 30 cm (12 in) tail[19]

Habitat: Forest and inland wetlands[20]

Diet: Insects, as well as birds, lizards, and other small vertebrates[19] 		 EN 


Unknown  [20]

Siau Island tarsier

 

T. tumpara
Shekelle, Groves, Merker & Supriatna, 2008 		Siau Island, north of Sulawesi Size: 10–15 cm (4–6 in) long, plus about 20 cm (8 in) tail[21]

Habitat: Forest[22]

Diet: Arthropods, as well as small vertebrates[22] 		 CR 


Unknown  [22]

Spectral tarsier


T. tarsier
(Erxleben, 1777) 		Sulawesi
  		Size: 9–14 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 20–26 cm (8–10 in) tail[23]

Habitat: Forest[24]

Diet: Insects, as well as lizards, bats, and other small vertebrates[23] 		 VU 


Unknown  [24]

Wallace's tarsier


T. wallacei
Merker, Driller, Dahruddin, Wirdateti, Sinaga, Perwitasari-Farajallah & Shekelle, 2010 		Northern Sulawesi (in orange)
  		Size: 11–13 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 23–27 cm (9–11 in) tail[25]

Habitat: Forest and inland wetlands[26]

Diet: Insects, as well as small vertebrates[25] 		 VU 


Unknown  [26]

As of 2018, Fossilworks also recognizes the following additional extinct species:[27]

References

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  1. ^ a b Groves, C.; Shekelle, M. (2010). "The Genera and Species of Tarsiidae". International Journal of Primatology. 31 (6): 1071–1082. doi:10.1007/s10764-010-9443-1. S2CID 21220811.
  2. ^ a b Yang, Liubin (2007). "Tarsius dentatus". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved August 28, 2023.
  3. ^ Supriatna, p. 49
  4. ^ a b Shekelle, M. (2020). "Tarsius dentatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T21489A17977790. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T21489A17977790.en.
  5. ^ a b Shekelle, M.; Groves, C. P.; Maryanto, I.; Mittermeier, R. A. (2017). "Two new tarsier species (Tarsiidae, Primates) and the biogeography of Sulawesi, Indonesia". Primate Conservation. 31: 61–69.
  6. ^ a b c Shekelle, M. (2020). "Tarsius spectrumgurskyae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T162336422A162336580. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T162336422A162336580.en.
  7. ^ a b c Shekelle, M. (2022) [errata version of 2020 assessment]. "Tarsius supriatnai". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T162336881A220971513. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T162336881A220971513.en.
  8. ^ Supriatna, p. 45
  9. ^ a b c Shekelle, M; Salim, M.; Merker, S. (2020). "Tarsius lariang". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136319A17978130. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T136319A17978130.en.
  10. ^ a b Supriatna, pp. 40–41
  11. ^ a b Shekelle, M. (2020). "Tarsius fuscus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T162369593A162369616. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T162369593A162369616.en.
  12. ^ Shekelle, M.; Groves, C. P.; Maryanto, I/; Mittermeier, R. A.; Salim, A/; Springer, M/ S. (2019). "A new tarsier species from the Togean Islands of Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, with references to Wallacea and conservation on Sulawesi". Primate Conservation. 33: 1–9. S2CID 204801433.
  13. ^ a b c Shekelle, M. (2020). "Tarsius niemitzi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T162337005A171341769. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T162337005A171341769.en.
  14. ^ Supriatna, p. 53
  15. ^ a b c Shekelle, M. (2020). "Tarsius pelengensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T21494A17977515. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T21494A17977515.en.
  16. ^ a b Ford, Trevor (2011). "Tarsius pumilus". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved August 28, 2023.
  17. ^ Supriatna, pp. 42–43
  18. ^ a b Shekelle, M; Salim, A. (2020). "Tarsius pumilus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T21490A17977980. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T21490A17977980.en.
  19. ^ a b Minich, Miriam (2017). "Tarsius sangirensis". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved August 28, 2023.
  20. ^ a b Shekelle, M. (2020). "Tarsius sangirensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T21493A17977351. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T21493A17977351.en.
  21. ^ Downey, Kathleen (March 2019). "Siau Island Tarsier, Tarsius tumpara". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved September 20, 2023.
  22. ^ a b c Shekelle, M; Salim, A. (2020). "Tarsius tumpara". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T179234A17977202. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T179234A17977202.en.
  23. ^ a b Mogk, Kenzie (2012). "Tarsius tarsier". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved August 28, 2023.
  24. ^ a b Shekelle, M. (2020). "Tarsius tarsier". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T162369551A17978304. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T162369551A17978304.en.
  25. ^ a b Supriatna, pp. 47–48
  26. ^ a b Merker, S.; Shekelle, M. (2020). "Tarsius wallacei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T195277A17977659. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T195277A17977659.en.
  27. ^ "Tarsius Storr 1780 (tarsier)". Paleobiology Database. Retrieved 24 November 2018.
  28. ^ Beard, K. Christopher; Qi, Tao; Dawson, Mary R.; Wang, Banyue; Li, Chuankuei (1994). "A diverse new primate fauna from middle Eocene fissure-fillings in southeastern China". Nature. 368 (6472): 607. Bibcode:1994Natur.368..604B. doi:10.1038/368604a0. PMID 8145845. S2CID 2471330.
  29. ^ Chaimanee, Y.; Lebrun, R.; Yamee, C.; Jaeger, J.-J. (2010). "A new Middle Miocene tarsier from Thailand and the reconstruction of its orbital morphology using a geometric-morphometric method". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 278 (1714): 1956–1963. doi:10.1098/rspb.2010.2062. PMC 3107645. PMID 21123264.

Sources

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