The Yabutian or Jabutian languages are two similar moribund languages of southern Rondônia, Brazil, namely Arikapú (Maxubí) and Djeoromitxi (Yabutí/Jabotí). They are members of the Macro-Je language family.

Yabutian
Jabutian
Geographic
distribution
Rondônia, Brazil
Linguistic classificationMacro-Gê
  • Yabutian
Subdivisions
Language codes
Glottologjabu1249

Vocabulary

edit

Loukotka (1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items for Yabutian language varieties.[1]

gloss Yabutí Aricapú Mashubi
one nichi owá
two yämbo krokro
three kamekü
ear hi-nĩpí chi-nipoaró chi-nipuré
tooth hi-dö shi-shakriá maishambishi
hand hi-nikú chi-nuhu chi-nikaimu
woman páko pakohä chininika
water bzirú bi
fire pichä pikö piku
sun tõhõ töhã tadzyó
maize tsitsi chichi kokoví
tapir huá nowö chimoré
house híkö arikó erikoná

Proto-language

edit
Proto-Jabutí
Reconstruction ofYabutian languages
Reconstructed
ancestor

Proto-Jabutí reconstructions by van der Voort (2007):[2]

Proto-Jabutí reconstructions by van der Voort (2007
gloss Proto-Jabutí
'kind of yam' *mu(rε)
'sun' *tõhã
'moon' (*kupa)
'water (n); liquid' *miru
'LOC' *(-)tʃε
'NOM' *h.
'BENEFICIARY' (*εnɨ̃)
'classifier (skin)' *-kakə
'AUG' *-tʃitʃi
'ABL' *kunĩ
'DAT' *ri
'to remove' *kokɨ
'water, liquid' (*ɨ)
'to squeeze liquid' *ɨmĩ
'needle' *pudʒi
'to hang (up), to tie (up)' *tətʃəj
'clay for making pots and dishes' *mr(.)
'INTENS.' *(-)wεhε
'container, large leaf, bag' *təkə
'bench, mat' *nĩpraj
'belly' *prika
'shell, nutshell, bug/beetle' *kakə
'tooth' *tʃo
'mouth' *tʃa-, *tʃako
'arm, branch' *tʃapa
'to play' *hãtõj
'earring' *nĩpɨkuj
'monkey species (Callithrix jacchus)' (macaco sauim) *mihi
'robust capuchin monkey' (macaco prego) *mirə
'hair on backside (?)' *kaw
'way, path' *wɪ
'field' *rɛhi
'meat; flesh' *nĩ
'classifier (meat)' *-nĩ
'tick' *tʃitʃika
'hole; classifier (hole)' *-ko
'small basket' *pupuka
'to cry/weep/sing/shout' *mõ
'to suck' *u
'to rain' *rõko
'cicada' *piti
'clear; light (n)' *praj
'snake' *mrãj
'calango (kind of lizard)' *mrãjdʒi
'lizard genus (Tupinambis)' *tʃaurə
'to cover' *hεtʃəj(to)
'to give'
'to take away, to get, to catch' *hɨ̃j
'to eat; to bite' *ku
'to eat' *pu
'pamonha (traditional food), food; classifier (pamonha, food)' *nũ
'COM' *pakəj
'to add; COM' *pakə
'to give orders, to command' *mətɨ̃
'to tell, to teach' *pamo
'heart' *mə(tutu)ka
'haircut, lap/flap' *kuro
'to boil' *toto
'termite' *irε
'to heal/cure, to pray' *wi
'agouti' *təri
'finger' *nĩku
'to keep/have, to put, to stash/hide' *dʒi
'to lie (down)' (*...rãj)
'son, daughter, cub, offspring' *kraj
'son' *wikoko
'niece' *prõ
'to hurt; ill, sour/harsh, strong' *tʃomi
'to sleep' *nũtõ
'leaf, thorn; classifier (thorn)' *-nĩ
'to stretch/pull/arrange' *tə(j)təj
'liver' *mə
'cord, rope' *tʃoko
'string, cord' *tʃukə
'song/singing (?)' *tʃua
'breechcloth string' *unĩ
'tucuma palm; rope made from tucuma palm' *nũrõ
'arrow shaft' *məku
'arrow splinter' *itʃopu
'flower' *tʃawa
'tree, log, stick' *ku
'fire' *pitʃə
'ashes' *pitʃə(mrə)
'eye' *hãka(rε)
'fat, grease' *tũ(ka)
'aunt' *dʒikũ(ro)
'to put/insert; to change clothes' *tɨ̃
'INSTR' *nə
'to go, to walk' (*kərεj)
'tayra (weasel species)' (irara, papa-mel) *mεjmia
'older sister' *tʃuhε
'new, young' *kamu
'blackbird genera (Psarocolius)' (japu, rubixá) *(a)rimu
'jug' *məro
'pot, pan, jug' *wa
'walking palm leaf' *kumɛ̃
'peach palm' *onɨ̃
'kind of indigenous frame for grilling meat or fish' *kamεkə
'to grill on a jirau' *rĩ
'knee' *mε̃pε
'tongue' *nu(ku)tə(rε)
'female, mother' *dʒi
'wife' *krajdʒi
'grandmother' *kurε
'manioc' *murε
'hand' *nĩ.u
'to chew' *pa
'to kill (by blow)' *t.mr.
'worm, larva; classifier (worm)' *-rε
'young girl' *nũnɨka
'to grind' *kũ
'mosquito' *patʃĩ
'woman' *paku
'to bathe' *tʃo
'NEG; no' *tõ
'no' *mãj
'bone' *dʒi, *i
'night' *patʃitʃu
'name' *tõhĩ
'cloud' *mε̃(ko)
'ear' *nĩpɨ
'other; companion' *tʃanãj
'to hear; to know' *mə
'egg' *(.)ε̃
'male; father' *tʃu, *tʃutʃi
'husband' *krajtʃu
'grandfather' *tʃuta
'foot' *praj
'stone' *kra
'breasts, chest' *nunɨ
'skin, leather, bark; classifier (leather, skin)' *kə
'body hair, down, hair' *kəmõ
'little' *kokə
'to throw, to lose, to drop, to spill' (*k...aj)
'to get lost' *atõ
'to weigh; heavy' *kumɨ
'neck' *poko
'peanut' *kumrε̃j
'aricuri kernel' *mətaj
'cluster of aricuri coconuts' *mətajtʃu
'Brazil nut tree' *urə
'aricuri; straw; green coconut' *urõ
'well (spring)' *kawiru
'bridge' *mirukurõ
'door' *mitʃakə
'tired' *tʃamə
'we (1PL)' *hi..., *hi-
'you (2SG/PL)' *a
'lung' *mə(ki)rɪ
'pus' *tʃu
'to burn (tr. v)' *tʃə(...)
'hot' *tʃə
'round' *ka
'classifier (round)' *-ka
'lips; spit/saliva' *tʃokə
'toad' (*.ka)
'dry' *karo
'seed, kernel' *hã
'classifier (seed, kernel)' *-hã
'to go away' *kũ
'on (top)' *tʃutʃε
'snuff, tobacco, cigarette' *padʒi
'tamanduá' (*patʃuri)
'tortoise' *mi.ku
'armadillo' *tõw
'to fear' *pɨ
'land, earth' *mĩ(ka)
'yard, square' *miku
'testicles' *nũ(.)ε̃ka
'all ('finished')' (*...tã)
'claw, nail' *nĩkətaj
'vulture' *tõtõtʃi
'deer' *kurɨj
'old' *rõjtʃi
'to see' *arã
'green' *kapɨ
'red' *nũr(ə̃)o
'to come (arrive)' *prəj
'to come back/return' *m(.)rε̃hε̃
'to want' *iro
'fish' *minũ
'slowly' *hãt.j
'reed' *kunĩkurõ
'half' *mə
'genipap fruit' *mɪ
'"right?", "isn't it?"' *nĩ
'hat' *kanũ
'Brazilian tinamou bird' (inambu relógio) *dʒui
'general term for the tinamou bird genus' *mɨkraj
'cotton' *tʃamuj
'place' *kutʃiprajka
'big cará (kind of yam)' *mutʃitʃi
'achiote' *kutʃamrəj
'to salt' *nɨ
'nettle' *nõ
'tree species (Vochysia haenkeana)' (escorrega-macaco) *hawajtε
'sticky' *kanə
'arrowleaf elephant's ear (plant)' (taioba) *m(.)rε̃
'lamp, candle, torch; tar/pitch' *hãtjə
'sugar, cane' *mεkɨ
'to pour, to flow/run, to throw' *kuhi
'yellow' *numuj
'to stir, to row; mixture' *kotʃu
'point' *nĩnũ
'hawk' *pɨ̃jkuri
'plug for the nose' *nĩkoku
'small larva' *urɨ
'aricuri larva' *tʃanõ
'hog plum (tree)' (cajá) *urənĩ
'fish poison plant' (timbó) *tanãj
'to beat (fish poison); to knock/bring down' *prõ
'stump' *prajka
'tree species (Cecropia)' (umbaúba) *tõwkuri
'to form/shape, to weave, to draw up' *pətʃa
'ingá (tree genus)' *tʃumɨ̃
'to bring/bear' *tə
'ripe, to ripen' *tʃu
'necklace' *m(.)rɨ̃(to)

For a list of Proto-Jabutí reconstructions by Nikulin (2020),[3] see the corresponding Portuguese article.

References

edit
  1. ^ Loukotka, Čestmír (1968). Classification of South American Indian languages. Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center.
  2. ^ van der Voort, H. (2007). Proto-Jabutí: um primeiro passo na reconstrução da língua ancestral dos Arikapú e Djeoromitxí. In Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (Ciências humanas) 2 (2):133–168. Accessed from DiACL, 9 February 2020.
  3. ^ Nikulin, Andrey. 2020. Proto-Macro-Jê: um estudo reconstrutivo. Doctoral dissertation, University of Brasília.

Further reading

edit
edit