Sultan Yahya Petra ibni Almarhum Sultan Ibrahim GCMG (Jawi: سلطان يحيى ڤيترا ابن المرحوم سلطان إبراهيم; 10 December 1917 – 29 March 1979) was Sultan of Kelantan from 1960, and the sixth Yang di-Pertuan Agong, the constitutional monarch of Malaysia, from 1975, until his death in 1979.
Yahya Petra
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 Yahya Petra in 1960 | |||||||||
| Yang di-Pertuan Agong VI | |||||||||
| Reign | 21 September 1975 – 29 March 1979 | ||||||||
| Installation | 28 February 1976 | ||||||||
| Predecessor | Abdul Halim | ||||||||
| Successor | Ahmad Shah | ||||||||
| Sultan of Kelantan | |||||||||
| Reign | 10 July 1960 – 29 March 1979 | ||||||||
| Coronation | 17 July 1961 | ||||||||
| Predecessor | Ibrahim | ||||||||
| Successor | Ismail Petra | ||||||||
| Born | 10 December 1917 Istana Balai Besar, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Unfederated Malay States | ||||||||
| Died | 29 March 1979 (aged 61) Istana Negara, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia | ||||||||
| Burial | 30 March 1979 Langgar Royal Mausoleum, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia | ||||||||
| Spouse | |||||||||
| Issue | Tengku Merjan Tengku Rozan Tengku Salwani Tengku Rohani Tengku Ismail Petra Tengku Mohamad Petra | ||||||||
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| House | Long Yunus | ||||||||
| Father | Sultan Ibrahim Ibni Almarhum Sultan Muhammad IV | ||||||||
| Mother | Che Puan Besar Embong Binti Daud | ||||||||
| Religion | Sunni Islam | ||||||||
Early life
editHe was born on 10 December 1917, as Tengku Yahya Petra at the Istana Balai Besar in Kota Bharu, Kelantan. He was the second son of Sultan Ibrahim (b. 1897; r. 1944–1960) by his third wife, Cik Embong binti Encik Daud (1899–1971).[1]
Tengku Yahya Petra was raised by his childless uncle, Tengku Ismail (later Sultan Ismail). He was sent to the Francis Light School in Penang before continuing his studies in England. His uncle, Sultan Ismail, appointed him Tengku Temenggong Kelantan on 21 July 1939. He was later promoted to Tengku Bendahara Kelantan on 6 February 1945 by his father, Sultan Ibrahim. He served in various Kelantan civil service posts from 1941 to 1948.[2]
Kelantan succession dispute
editTengku Indra Petra was the eldest son of Sultan Ibrahim and elder brother of Sultan Yahya Petra. After Sultan Ibrahim succeeded his brother Sultan Ismail, Tengku Indra Petra was appointed heir apparent with the title of Raja Muda Kelantan on 25 October 1944. However, due to conflict with his father, he was dismissed from the post and removed from the line of succession by his father's decree on 1 February 1948. On the same day, Sultan Yahya Petra replaced his brother as heir apparent with the new title of Tengku Mahkota Kelantan.
Tengku Indra Petra became a politician and was elected a Member of Parliament (MP) in the 1955 Malayan general election. Tengku Indra's descendants have since disputed their family's exclusion from Kelantan's line of succession.[3]
Tengku Indra Petra did not preside over the installation of Sultan Yahya Petra's successor, Sultan Ismail Petra, It was Tengku Panglima Raja Tengku Ahmad who presided over installations of Sultan Ibrahim, Sultan Yahya Petra and Sultan Ismail Petra. Tengku Panglima Raja was the father of the former Sultanah of Johor, Sultanah Zanariah binti Tengku Ahmad.
Accession
editSultan Yahya Petra (as he became) succeeded his father a day after the latter's death on 9 July 1960. He was crowned on 17 July 1961 at Istana Balai Besar in Kota Bharu.
Election as Deputy Yang di-Pertuan Agong
editSultan Yahya Petra served as the Deputy Yang di-Pertuan Agong, the federal deputy king, between 21 September 1970 and 20 September 1975.
Election as Yang di-Pertuan Agong
editDuring the election of the sixth Yang di-Pertuan Agong (King of Malaysia), the most senior ruler Sultan Ismail of Johor declined to be considered. Sultan Yahya Petra also declined nomination at first due to having suffered a serious stroke, but changed his mind and was duly elected.[4] His term began from 21 September 1975.
Kingship
editMalaysia's second prime minister Tun Abdul Razak died on 14 January 1976 less than four months into Sultan Yahya Petra's reign as Yang di-Pertuan Agong.
In 1977 a state of emergency was declared in his own state following a political crisis and violence.
Death and funeral
editSultan Yahya Petra died of an apparent heart attack at 3:45 pm at the National Palace on 29 March 1979. His coffin lay in state at the National Palace for a day and was then taken by plane to Kota Bharu where it was buried at the Kelantan Royal Mausoleum.[5]
Family life
editHe was married to Tengku Zainab binti Tengku Sri Utama Raja Tengku Muhammad Petra (1917–1993), who was styled Raja Perempuan Zainab II (her stepmother-in-law was Raja Perempuan Zainab I, consort of Sultan Ibrahim) and Raja Permaisuri Agong. Sultan Yahya Petra and Raja Perempuan Zainab II had one son and six daughters. However, two of their daughters died when they were young. He also married Tengku Alexandria binti Tengku Yusof and was given a son.[6][7][8]
Issue
edit| Name | Birth Date | Birth Place | Death Date | Death Place | Marriage Date |
Spouse | Their children | Their grandchildren |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tengku Merjan | 23 February 1940 | 15 October 2020 (aged 80) | Raja Perempuan Zainab II Hospital, Kota Bharu, Kelantan | 22 January 1960 | Tengku Abdul Aziz bin Tengku Muhammad Hamzah | Tengku Mohamad Rizam Tengku Ramizan Tengku Mohamad Rizal Tengku Mohamad Ridzman |
nine grandchildren | |
| Tengku Rozan | 25 December 1942 | 23 April 1969 - Divorced |
Tengku Mohamed Nasrun bin Tengku Yusof | Tengku Rozanna Petri Tengku Rozlynda Petri |
three grandchildren | |||
| Tengku Salwani | 26 August 1944 | Istana Batu, Kota Bharu, Kelantan | 20 October 1966 - Divorced |
Raja Aman Shah bin Raja Shahar Shah | Raja Amir Saifuddin Shah | None | ||
| Tengku Rohani | 14 October 1947 | 31 December 2021 (aged 74) | Raja Perempuan Zainab II Hospital, Kota Bharu, Kelantan | None | None | None | None | |
| Tengku Ismail Petra | 11 November 1949 | Istana Jahar, Kota Bharu, Kelantan | 28 September 2019 (aged 69) | Raja Perempuan Zainab II Hospital, Kota Bharu, Kelantan | 4 December 1968 | Tengku Anis binti Tengku Abdul Hamid | Tengku Muhammad Faris Petra Tengku Muhammad Faiz Petra Tengku Muhammad Fakhry Petra Tengku Amalin A’ishah Putri |
five grandchildren |
| Tengku Mohamad Petra | unknown | Kota Bharu, Kelantan | unknown | unknown | four children | unknown |
Awards and recognitions
editSultan Yahya Petra held the rank of Marshal of the Royal Malaysian Air Force.[citation needed]
Honours of Kelantan
edit
Recipient (21 July 1939) and Grand Master (1960–1979) of the Royal Family Order of Kelantan or "Star of Yunus" (DK)
Knight Grand Commander (SPMK, 9 August 1950) and Grand Master (1960–1979) of the Order of the Crown of Kelantan or "Star of Muhammad"
Knight Grand Commander (SJMK, 9 August 1959) and Grand Master (1960–1979) of the Order of the Life of the Crown of Kelantan or "Star of Ismail"
Founding Grand Master and Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Loyalty to the Crown of Kelantan or "Star of Ibrahim" (SPSK, 10 December 1967 – 29 March 1979)- Grand Master of the Order of the Most Distinguished and Most Valiant Warrior (PYGP, 9 July 1960 – 29 March 1979)
Honours of Malaysia
edit
Malaysia:
- Recipient of Order of the Royal House of Malaysia (DKM) (1975-1979)
- Recipient (17 July 1961) and Grand Master (1975-1979) of the Order of the Crown of the Realm (DMN)
- Grand Master (1975–1979) of the Order of the Defender of the Realm
- Grand Master (1975–1979) of the Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia
- Grand Master (1975–1979) of the Order of Merit of Malaysia
- Grand Master (1979–1979) of the Order of the Royal Household of Malaysia
- Grand Commander of the Order of the Defender of the Realm (SMN) – Tun (31 August 1958)[9]
Recipient of the Malaysian Commemorative Medal (Gold) (PPM) (1965)
Kedah:
Member of the Royal Family Order of Kedah (DK) (5 July 1969)
Pahang:
Member 1st class of the Family Order of the Crown of Indra of Pahang (DK I)
Perlis:
Recipient of the Perlis Family Order of the Gallant Prince Syed Putra Jamalullail (DK) (13 February 1978)
Selangor:
First Class of the Royal Family Order of Selangor (DK I) (21 July 1966)[10]
Terengganu:
Member first class of the Family Order of Terengganu (DK I) (23 June 1964)
Sarawak:
Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of Hornbill Sarawak (DP) – Datuk Patinggi
Foreign
edit
Brunei:
First Class of the Family Order of Laila Utama (DK) – Dato Laila Utama (1961)
United Kingdom:
Honorary Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) (1952)
Recipient of the Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal (1953)- Honorary Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George (GCMG) (1972)
Places named after him
editSeveral places were named after him, including:
- Petra Jaya, a suburb in Kuching, Sarawak
- Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur (formerly Jalan Semarak/Jalan Henry Gurney)
- Jalan Tuanku Yahya Petra, the main road on Penang Hill
- Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra in Kota Bharu, Kelantan
- Sultan Yahya Petra Mosque in Machang, Kelantan
- SK Sultan Yahya Petra (1), a primary school in Kuala Krai, Kelantan
- SK Sultan Yahya Petra (2), a primary school in Kuala Krai, Kelantan
- SMK Sultan Yahya Petra 1, a secondary school in Kuala Krai, Kelantan
- SMK Sultan Yahya Petra 2, a secondary school in Kuala Krai, Kelantan
- Sultan Yahya Petra Bridge in Kota Bharu, Kelantan
- Sultan Yahya Petra Second Bridge in Kota Bharu, Kelantan
Notes
edit- ^ Finestone, Jeffrey and Shaharil Talib (1994) The Royal Families of South-East Asia Shahindera Sdn Bhd
- ^ Risalah Pertabalan Yang di-Pertuan Agong VI Jabatan Penerangan Malaysia
- ^ (19 November 2005) Harakah
- ^ Tunku Abdul Rahman (1978) Viewpoints p 74 Heinemann, Kuala Lumpur
- ^ (1 April 1979) New Straits Times
- ^ Finestone, Jeffrey and Shaharil Talib (1994) Op Cit
- ^ Half-brother of Kelantan ruler an ingrate, says palace
- ^ Tengku Mohamad answers
- ^ "Senarai Penuh Penerima Darjah Kebesaran, Bintang dan Pingat Persekutuan Tahun 1958" (PDF).
- ^ List of recipients of DK I & DK II of Selangor (in Malay)