شن

See also: سن

Arabic

Etymology

Root
ش ن ن (š n n)
2 terms

Middle Iranian borrowings related to Persian شنا (šanā, “swimming”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʃan.na/

Verb

شَنَّ • (šanna) I (non-past يَشُنُّ (yašunnu), verbal noun شَنّ (šann))

1. to launch (war; campaign)
2. (obsolete) to pour, to let flow, to toss [with عَلَى (ʕalā) ‘over’]
   • a. 800, أبو زيد سعيد بن أوس الأنصاري, كتاب النوادر:
     Fleischer, Heinrich Leberecht (1888) Kleinere Schriften‎^[1] (in German), volume 3, Leipzig: S. Hirzel, page 484:

     يَا كَرَوَانًا ضُكَّ فَأَكْبَأَنَّا
     فَشَنَّ بِٱلسَلْخِ فَلَمَّا شَنَّا … بَلَّ ٱلذُنَابَى عَبَسًا مُبِنَّا

     yā karawānan ḍukka faʔakbaʔannā
     fašanna bi-s-salḵi falammā šannā … balla ḏ-ḏunābā ʕabasan mubinnā

     You thick-knee! Which when bumped will clew and toss dung and having hurled … moistens the tail with sticky soil!

3. (obsolete) to don, to put on (دِرْع (dirʕ))

Conjugation

    Conjugation of شَنَّ (I, geminate, a ~ u, full passive (?), verbal noun شَنّ)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						شَنّ šann
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						شَانّ šānn
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَشْنُون mašnūn
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	شَنَنْتُ šanantu	شَنَنْتَ šananta	شَنَّ šanna		شَنَنْتُمَا šanantumā	شَنَّا šannā		شَنَنَّا šanannā	شَنَنْتُمْ šanantum	شَنُّوا šannū
	f		شَنَنْتِ šananti	شَنَّتْ šannat			شَنَّتَا šannatā			شَنَنْتُنَّ šanantunna	شَنَنَّ šananna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَشُنُّ ʔašunnu	تَشُنُّ tašunnu	يَشُنُّ yašunnu		تَشُنَّانِ tašunnāni	يَشُنَّانِ yašunnāni		نَشُنُّ našunnu	تَشُنُّونَ tašunnūna	يَشُنُّونَ yašunnūna
	f		تَشُنِّينَ tašunnīna	تَشُنُّ tašunnu			تَشُنَّانِ tašunnāni			تَشْنُنَّ tašnunna	يَشْنُنَّ yašnunna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَشُنَّ ʔašunna	تَشُنَّ tašunna	يَشُنَّ yašunna		تَشُنَّا tašunnā	يَشُنَّا yašunnā		نَشُنَّ našunna	تَشُنُّوا tašunnū	يَشُنُّوا yašunnū
	f		تَشُنِّي tašunnī	تَشُنَّ tašunna			تَشُنَّا tašunnā			تَشْنُنَّ tašnunna	يَشْنُنَّ yašnunna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَشُنَّ, أَشُنِّ, أَشْنُنْ ʔašunna, ʔašunni, ʔašnun	تَشُنَّ, تَشُنِّ, تَشْنُنْ tašunna, tašunni, tašnun	يَشُنَّ, يَشُنِّ, يَشْنُنْ yašunna, yašunni, yašnun		تَشُنَّا tašunnā	يَشُنَّا yašunnā		نَشُنَّ, نَشُنِّ, نَشْنُنْ našunna, našunni, našnun	تَشُنُّوا tašunnū	يَشُنُّوا yašunnū
	f		تَشُنِّي tašunnī	تَشُنَّ, تَشُنِّ, تَشْنُنْ tašunna, tašunni, tašnun			تَشُنَّا tašunnā			تَشْنُنَّ tašnunna	يَشْنُنَّ yašnunna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		شُنَّ, شُنِّ, اُشْنُنْ šunna, šunni, ušnun			شُنَّا šunnā				شُنُّوا šunnū
	f		شُنِّي šunnī							اُشْنُنَّ ušnunna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	شُنِنْتُ šunintu	شُنِنْتَ šuninta	شُنَّ šunna		شُنِنْتُمَا šunintumā	شُنَّا šunnā		شُنِنَّا šuninnā	شُنِنْتُمْ šunintum	شُنُّوا šunnū
	f		شُنِنْتِ šuninti	شُنَّتْ šunnat			شُنَّتَا šunnatā			شُنِنْتُنَّ šunintunna	شُنِنَّ šuninna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُشَنُّ ʔušannu	تُشَنُّ tušannu	يُشَنُّ yušannu		تُشَنَّانِ tušannāni	يُشَنَّانِ yušannāni		نُشَنُّ nušannu	تُشَنُّونَ tušannūna	يُشَنُّونَ yušannūna
	f		تُشَنِّينَ tušannīna	تُشَنُّ tušannu			تُشَنَّانِ tušannāni			تُشْنَنَّ tušnanna	يُشْنَنَّ yušnanna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُشَنَّ ʔušanna	تُشَنَّ tušanna	يُشَنَّ yušanna		تُشَنَّا tušannā	يُشَنَّا yušannā		نُشَنَّ nušanna	تُشَنُّوا tušannū	يُشَنُّوا yušannū
	f		تُشَنِّي tušannī	تُشَنَّ tušanna			تُشَنَّا tušannā			تُشْنَنَّ tušnanna	يُشْنَنَّ yušnanna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُشَنَّ, أُشَنِّ, أُشْنَنْ ʔušanna, ʔušanni, ʔušnan	تُشَنَّ, تُشَنِّ, تُشْنَنْ tušanna, tušanni, tušnan	يُشَنَّ, يُشَنِّ, يُشْنَنْ yušanna, yušanni, yušnan		تُشَنَّا tušannā	يُشَنَّا yušannā		نُشَنَّ, نُشَنِّ, نُشْنَنْ nušanna, nušanni, nušnan	تُشَنُّوا tušannū	يُشَنُّوا yušannū
	f		تُشَنِّي tušannī	تُشَنَّ, تُشَنِّ, تُشْنَنْ tušanna, tušanni, tušnan			تُشَنَّا tušannā			تُشْنَنَّ tušnanna	يُشْنَنَّ yušnanna

Noun

شَنّ • (šann) m (collective, singulative شَنَّة f (šanna), plural شِنَان (šinān))

1. waterskin
   • 7th century CE, Sunan Ibn Mājah, 30:62:

     " إِنْ كَانَ عِنْدَكَ مَاءٌ بَاتَ فِي شَنٍّ فَٱسْقِنَا وَإِلَّا كَرَعْنَا " . قَالَ عِنْدِي مَاءٌ بَاتَ فِي شَنٍّ . فَٱنْطَلَقَ وَٱنْطَلَقْنَا مَعَهُ إِلَى ٱلْعَرِيشِ فَحَلَبَ لَهُ شَاةً عَلَى مَاءٍ بَاتَ فِي شَنٍّ فَشَرِبَ ثُمَّ فَعَلَ مِثْلَ ذَٰلِكَ بِصَاحِبِهِ ٱلَّذِي مَعَهُ .

     " ʔin kāna ʕindaka māʔun bāta fī šannin fasqinā waʔillā karaʕnā " . qāla ʕindī māʔun bāta fī šannin . fanṭalaqa wanṭalaqnā maʕahu ʔilā l-ʕarīši faḥalaba lahu šātan ʕalā māʔin bāta fī šannin fašariba ṯumma faʕala miṯla ḏālika biṣāḥibihi llaḏī maʕahu .

     ‘If you have any water that has been kept overnight in a water skin, then give us some to drink, otherwise we will drink by putting out mouths in the basin.’ He said: ‘I have water that has been kept in a water skin. So he went and we went with him, to the shelter, where he milked a sheep for him and (mixed it with) the water that had been kept overnight in a water skin. He drank from it, then he did likewise for his Companion who was with him.”

Declension

Declension of noun شَنّ (šann)

Collective	basic collective triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	شَنّ šann	الشَّنّ aš-šann	شَنّ šann
Nominative	شَنٌّ šannun	الشَّنُّ aš-šannu	شَنُّ šannu
Accusative	شَنًّا šannan	الشَّنَّ aš-šanna	شَنَّ šanna
Genitive	شَنٍّ šannin	الشَّنِّ aš-šanni	شَنِّ šanni
Singulative	singulative triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	شَنَّة šanna	الشَّنَّة aš-šanna	شَنَّة šannat
Nominative	شَنَّةٌ šannatun	الشَّنَّةُ aš-šannatu	شَنَّةُ šannatu
Accusative	شَنَّةً šannatan	الشَّنَّةَ aš-šannata	شَنَّةَ šannata
Genitive	شَنَّةٍ šannatin	الشَّنَّةِ aš-šannati	شَنَّةِ šannati
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	شَنَّتَيْن šannatayn	الشَّنَّتَيْن aš-šannatayn	شَنَّتَيْ šannatay
Nominative	شَنَّتَانِ šannatāni	الشَّنَّتَانِ aš-šannatāni	شَنَّتَا šannatā
Accusative	شَنَّتَيْنِ šannatayni	الشَّنَّتَيْنِ aš-šannatayni	شَنَّتَيْ šannatay
Genitive	شَنَّتَيْنِ šannatayni	الشَّنَّتَيْنِ aš-šannatayni	شَنَّتَيْ šannatay
Paucal (3-10)	sound feminine paucal
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	شَنَّات šannāt	الشَّنَّات aš-šannāt	شَنَّات šannāt
Nominative	شَنَّاتٌ šannātun	الشَّنَّاتُ aš-šannātu	شَنَّاتُ šannātu
Accusative	شَنَّاتٍ šannātin	الشَّنَّاتِ aš-šannāti	شَنَّاتِ šannāti
Genitive	شَنَّاتٍ šannātin	الشَّنَّاتِ aš-šannāti	شَنَّاتِ šannāti
Plural of variety	basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	شِنَان šinān	الشِّنَان aš-šinān	شِنَان šinān
Nominative	شِنَانٌ šinānun	الشِّنَانُ aš-šinānu	شِنَانُ šinānu
Accusative	شِنَانًا šinānan	الشِّنَانَ aš-šināna	شِنَانَ šināna
Genitive	شِنَانٍ šinānin	الشِّنَانِ aš-šināni	شِنَانِ šināni

Derived terms

• شَنِين (šanīn, “trickling; milk to which water is added”)
• شَنُون (šanūn, “pudgy: somewhat fat, somewhat meagre”)
• شُنَانَة (šunāna, “dribbling water”)
• أَشَنَّ (ʔašanna, “to launch, to send; to be used up”)
• تَشَنَّنَ (tašannana, “to be old, to be used up”)
• تَشَانَّنَ (tašānnana, “to be mixed; to be corrugated”)
• اِسْتَشَنَّ (istašanna, “to become meagre; to be old, to be used; to want to drink milk”)
• شَنَان (šanān, “raft”)
• شُنَان (šunān, “diffused, spread”)

Further reading

• Баранов, Х. К. (2011) “شن”, in Большой арабско-русский словарь (Bolʹšoj arabsko-russkij slovarʹ), 11th edition, Москва: Живой язык, →ISBN
• Buyaner, David (2006) “On the Designation of ‘water–skin’ in some Languages of Central Asia”, in Acta Orientalia, volume 67, pages 115–125
• Corriente, Federico, Pereira, Christophe, Vicente, Angeles, editors (2017), Dictionnaire du faisceau dialectal arabe andalou. Perspectives phraséologiques et étymologiques (in French), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 735, where etymology from causative *ša- + root ء ن ن (ʔ-n-n) with the invented gloss “verser” and difficult-to-fathom comparison with أَنَّ (ʔanna, “to sough”)
• Freytag, Georg (1833) “شن”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[2] (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 454a
• Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “شن”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎^[3] (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et C^ie, page 1274
• Lane, Edward William (1863) “شن”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎^[4], London: Williams & Norgate, page 1602

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Armenian շեն (šen).

Adjective

شن • (şen)

1. gay, light, merry
2. cultivated, civilised, occupied, populated

Derived terms

• شنلك (şenlik)
• شنلنمك (şenlenmek)
• شنلندرمك (şenlendirmek)
• شنلتمك (şenletmek)

Descendants

• Turkish: şen
• → Albanian: shend
• → Bulgarian: шенли́в (šenlív)
• → Macedonian: шен (šen), шенлив (šenliv)
• → Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic script: ше̑н

  Latin script: šȇn

References

• Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1977) “շէն”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume III, Yerevan: University Press, page 515a
• Dankoff, Robert (1995) Armenian Loanwords in Turkish (Turcologica; 21), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, § 556, page 115
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “شن”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[5], Constantinople: Mihran, page 734b
• Mallouf, Nassif (1856) Dictionnaire français-turc, 2nd edition, Paris: Maisonneuve, page 587
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “şen”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

Persian

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ʃin]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃɪn]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃɪn]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʃɪn]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʃin]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃen]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃin]

Readings
Classical reading?	šin
Dari reading?	šin
Iranian reading?	šen
Tajik reading?	šin

Noun

شِن • (šen)

1. sand

   Synonyms: ریگ (rig), رمل (raml), ماسه (mâse)

Derived terms

• شنی (šeni, “sandy, of sand”)

 

Etymology 2

Perhaps related to Proto-Indo-European *tḱey-m̥no-, from the root *tḱey- (“to cultivate, settle, live”). Compare with Avestan 𐬱𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬥𐬀 (šaiiana, “place of residence”), Old Armenian շէն (šēn), and Classical Syriac ܫܝܢܐ (šaynā). Sogdian [script needed] (šyn /⁠šēn⁠/), which is often glossed as “resting place” and adduced as a cognate, in reality means “bed” and is borrowed from Sanskrit शयन (śayana, “bed”), which is from the unrelated root *ḱey- (“to be lying down”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ʃan]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃän]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃän]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʃän]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʃän]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃæn]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃän]

Readings
Classical reading?	šan
Dari reading?	šan
Iranian reading?	šan
Tajik reading?	šan

Suffix

شَن • (šan)

1. place

   Synonyms: گاه (gāh), کده (kade)

Derived terms

• گلشن (golšan, “flowerbed rose-garden; place of flowers”)

 

• تبشن (tabšan, “hotspring, place of heat”)

 

• آویشن (āvīšan, “thyme, [flower that grows near]water-places”)

 

Torwali

Etymology

From Sanskrit शयन (śayana).

Noun

شن (šen)

1. a bed