云爾

Chinese

		(classical) to say	thus; so; like that thus; so; like that; you; thou
trad. (云爾)		云	爾
simp. (云尔)		云	尔

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yún'ěr

  (Zhuyin): ㄩㄣˊ ㄦˇ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yún'ěr
    • Zhuyin: ㄩㄣˊ ㄦˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yún-ěr
    • Wade–Giles: yün²-êrh³
    • Yale: yún-ěr
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuneel
    • Palladius: юньэр (junʹer)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /yn³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

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• Middle Chinese: hjun nyeX

Rime
Character	云	爾
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	云 (35)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	文 (59)	支 (11)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	王分切	兒氏切
Baxter	hjun	nyeX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦɨun/	/ȵiᴇX/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦiun/	/ȵiɛX/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣiuən/	/ȵʑjɛX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦun/	/ȵiə̆X/
Li Rong	/ɣiuən/	/ȵieX/
Wang Li	/ɣĭuən/	/ȵʑǐeX/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯uən/	/ȵʑie̯X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yún	ěr
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wan4	ji5

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ʷə[r]  n[ə][r]ʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɢun  njelʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	云	爾
Reading #	1/1	2/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yún	ěr
Middle Chinese	‹ hjun ›	‹ nyeX ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢ]ʷə[r]/	/*n[ə][r]ʔ/
English	say	(adv. suffix)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	云	爾
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	16363	2817
Phonetic component	云	爾
Rime group	文	歌
Rime subdivision	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	雲	爾
Old Chinese	/*ɢun/	/*njelʔ/
Notes		說文尒聲，甲金文象檷初文， 取林義光說

Particle

云爾

1. (literary) that's all; nothing more

Synonyms

edit

• 但定 (nā-tiāⁿ) (Min Nan)
• 定定 (Hakka)
• 爾爾／尔尔 (niā-niā) (Hokkien)
• 罷了／罢了
• 而已 (éryǐ)

 

Dialectal synonyms of 而已 (“(sentence-final particle) just; simply”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		而已, 云爾
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		而已, 罷了
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	罷了
	Taiwan	而已
	Malaysia	罷了
	Singapore	而已
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	罷了
Cantonese	Guangzhou	啫, 咋, 之嘛
	Hong Kong	啫, 咋, 之嘛
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	啫, 之嘛
	Taishan	之嘛, 咋
	Kaiping (Chikan)	之嘛, 逸, 咿
	Enping (Niujiang)	之嘛, 咋
	Singapore (Guangfu)	啫, 之嘛
Hakka	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	定定
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	定定
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	定定, 定
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	忒等
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	定定
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	定
Southern Min	Xiamen	爾爾, 爾
	Quanzhou	爾爾, 爾
	Zhangzhou	爾爾, 爾
	Tainan	爾爾
	Penang (Hokkien)	爾
	Singapore (Hokkien)	爾, 爾爾
	Jieyang	定