Wiktionary

哭

哭 U+54ED, 哭
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-54ED
← 哬
[U+54EC] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 哮 →
[U+54EE]

Translingual

edit
Stroke order
 

Han character

edit

哭 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 口口戈大 (RRIK), four-corner 66430, composition ⿱吅犬)

  1. Shuowen Jiezi radical №25

Descendants

edit

Derived characters

edit

References

edit
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 190, character 25
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3658
  • Dae Jaweon: page 410, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 629, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+54ED

Chinese

edit
simp. and trad.
 哭
alternative forms 𠴃
𡘜
 
Wikipedia has an article on:
 
哭

Glyph origin

edit
Characters in the same phonetic series (獄) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
嶽 *ŋroːɡ
鸑 *ŋroːɡ
哭 *ŋ̊ʰoːɡ
獄 *ŋoɡ

In oracle bone inscriptions, ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 吅 (“loudly”) + person with long hair (Similar to 老 without the cane) – "cry; weep". The pictogram of the person with long hair corrupted into 犬. Evidence suggests 吅 could be an abbreviation of the sound component 咢 (OC *ŋaːɡ), making the character phono-semantic (形聲／形声) .

Shuowen Jiezi interprets it as a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋ̊ʰoːɡ) : semantic 吅 (“to speak loudly”) + abbreviated phonetic 獄 (OC *ŋoɡ).

Etymology

edit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kuːk (“to weep; to wail”); cognate with Mizo kûk (“to shriek”) (STEDT).

This seems to be an area word; compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *kuk ~ kuuk ~ kuək ~ kək (“to call”), Proto-Austronesian *-kuk (“sound of a sob”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

edit
Note:
  • khàu - vernacular;
  • khok - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 哭
Mandarin Beijing /kʰu⁵⁵/
Harbin /kʰu⁴⁴/
Tianjin /kʰu²¹/
Jinan /kʰu²¹³/
Qingdao /kʰu⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /kʰu²⁴/
Xi'an /kʰu²¹/
Xining /kʰv̩⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /kʰu¹³/
Lanzhou /kʰu¹³/
Ürümqi /kʰu²¹³/
Wuhan /kʰu²¹³/
Chengdu /kʰu³¹/
Guiyang /kʰu²¹/
Kunming /kʰu³¹/
Nanjing /kʰuʔ⁵/
Hefei /kʰuəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /kʰuəʔ²/
Pingyao /kʰuʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /kʰuəʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /kʰoʔ⁵/
Suzhou /kʰoʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /kʰoʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /kʰu²¹³/
Hui Shexian /kʰuʔ²¹/
Tunxi /kʰu⁵/
Xiang Changsha /kʰu²⁴/
Xiangtan /kʰu²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /kʰuʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /kʰuk̚¹/
Taoyuan /kʰuk̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /hok̚⁵/
Nanning /huk̚⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /huk̚⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /kʰɔk̚³²/
/kʰau¹/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kʰouʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /kʰu²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /kʰau²¹³/ 訓讀
Haikou (Hainanese) /xau³⁵/ 訓號
Rime
Character 哭
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 溪 (29)
Final (韻) 屋 (3)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 空谷切
Baxter khuwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kʰuk̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kʰuk̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kʰuk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kʰəwk̚/
Li
Rong 		/kʰuk̚/
Wang
Li 		/kʰuk̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/kʰuk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		ku
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		huk1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 哭
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		kū
Middle
Chinese 		‹ khuwk ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[kʰ]ˁok/
English weep

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 哭
Reading # 1/1
No. 16031
Phonetic
component 		獄
Rime
group 		屋
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		哭
Old
Chinese 		/*ŋ̊ʰoːɡ/
Notes 說文獄省聲

Definitions

edit

哭

  1. to weep; to cry; to wail

Synonyms

edit
Dialectal synonyms of 哭 (“to cry; to weep”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 泣, 哭
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 哭, 哭泣
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 哭
Taiwan 哭
Harbin 哭, 哭鼻子 humorous
Malaysia 哭
Singapore 哭
Olginsky (Mikhaylovka) 哭
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 哭
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 哭
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 哭
Wanrong 哭
Xi'an 哭
Xining 哭
Xuzhou 哭
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 哭
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 哭, 哭鼻子
Lanzhou 哭
Ürümqi 哭
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 哭
Wuhan 哭
Guiyang 哭
Guilin 哭
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 哭, 哭鼻子 humorous
Yangzhou 哭
Hefei 哭
Cantonese Guangzhou 喊
Hong Kong 喊
Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 哭
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 哭
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 哭
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 哭
Macau 喊
Guangzhou (Panyu) 喊
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 叫
Guangzhou (Conghua) 哭
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 哭
Foshan 喊
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 喊
Foshan (Shunde) 喊
Foshan (Sanshui) 喊
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 喊
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 喊
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 哭
Zhuhai (Doumen) 哭
Jiangmen (Baisha) 哭
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 哭
Taishan 哭
Kaiping (Chikan) 哭
Enping (Niujiang) 哭
Heshan (Yayao) 哭
Dongguan 哭
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 哭, 喊
Shenzhen (Dapeng) 哭
Yangjiang 哭
Nanning 哭
Beihai 哭
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 哭
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 哭
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 哭
Danzhou 哭
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 喊
Penang (Guangfu) 喊
Singapore (Guangfu) 喊
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 喊
Móng Cái 哭
Gan Nanchang 哭, 叫
Lichuan 啼
Pingxiang 哭
Hakka Meixian 叫, 叫眵, 叫嘴
Xingning 叫
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 哭
Huiyang 叫
Huidong (Daling) 叫
Dongguan (Qingxi) 叫
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 叫
Zhongshan (Wuguishan) 叫
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 叫
Wuhua (Shuizhai) 叫
Wuhua (Huacheng) 叫, 叫嘴
Wuhua (Changbu) 叫, 叫嘴
Wuhua (Mianyang) 叫, 叫嘴
Heyuan (Bendihua) 哭
Wengyuan 叫
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 叫嘴
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 叫
Liannan 叫
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 叫
Jiexi 叫
Luhe 叫
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 唩
Changting 唩
Wuping 叫嘴
Wuping (Yanqian) 唩
Wuping (Pingyu) 叫
Liancheng 唩
Ninghua 唩
Yudu 叫
Ningdu 唩
Ruijin 叫
Shicheng 唩
Shangyou (Shexi) 叫
Tonggu (Sandu) 叫嘴
Ganzhou (Panlong) 叫
Dayu 叫
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 叫, 叫眵
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 叫, 叫眵
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 叫, 叫眵
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 叫, 叫眵
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 唩, 唩眵
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 唩
Hong Kong 叫
Yangxi (Tangkou) 叫
Yangchun (Sanjia) 叫
Xinyi (Sihe) 叫
Xinyi (Qianpai) 叫
Gaozhou (Xindong) 叫, 喊
Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) 叫
Huazhou (Xin'an) 叫
Lianjiang (Shijiao) 叫
Lianjiang (Qingping) 叫
Mengshan (Xihe) 叫
Luchuan 叫
Sabah (Bao'an) 叫
Sabah (Longchuan) 叫, 叫嘴
Senai (Huiyang) 叫
Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) 叫
Singkawang 叫
Huizhou Jixi 嚎
Jin Taiyuan 哭
Xinzhou 哭
Northern Min Jian'ou 啼
Jian'ou (Dikou) 啼
Songxi 啼
Zhenghe 啼
Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 啼
Jianyang 啼
Wuyishan 啼
Pucheng (Shibei) 啼
Eastern Min Fuzhou 啼, 啼嘛
Fuzhou (Changle) 啼
Fuqing 啼
Yongtai 啼
Gutian 啼
Fu'an 嚎
Ningde 嚎
Shouning 嚎
Zhouning 嚎
Fuding 啼, 哭
Matsu 啼, 啼嘛
Southern Min Xiamen 吼, 哭
Quanzhou 吼, 哭
Yongchun 吼
Zhangzhou 吼, 哭
Taipei 吼, 哭
New Taipei (Sanxia) 吼, 哭
Kaohsiung 吼, 哭
Yilan 吼, 哭
Changhua (Lukang) 吼, 哭
Taichung 哭, 吼
Taichung (Wuqi) 哭
Tainan 吼, 哭
Taitung 吼
Hsinchu 哭, 吼
Kinmen 吼
Penghu (Magong) 哭, 吼
Penang (Hokkien) 吼
Singapore (Hokkien) 哭, 吼
Manila (Hokkien) 吼, 哭
Longyan 啼
Zhangping 啼
Datian 哭
Pingnan (Shangdu) 吼
Chaozhou 哭
Raoping 哭
Shantou 哭
Jieyang 哭
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 哭
Singapore (Teochew) 哭
Leizhou 哭
Wenchang 哭
Haikou 啼
Singapore (Hainanese) 哭
Puxian Min Putian 吼
Xianyou 吼
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 哭
Binyang 哭
Shehua Fu'an 叫
Fuding 叫
Luoyuan 叫
Sanming 叫
Shunchang 叫
Hua'an 叫
Guixi (Zhangping) 叫
Cangnan 叫
Jingning (Hexi) 叫
Lishui 叫
Longyou 叫
Chaozhou 叫
Fengshun 叫
Waxiang Guzhang (Gaofeng) 啼
Yuanling (Shaojiwan) 啼
Wu Shanghai 哭
Shanghai (Chongming) 哭
Suzhou 哭
Wuxi 哭
Danyang 哭
Hangzhou 哭
Ningbo 哭
Wenzhou 哭
Jinhua 哭
Xiang Changsha 哭
Loudi 哭
Shuangfeng 哭
Quanzhou 哭

Compounds

edit

Descendants

edit
  • → Vietnamese: khóc (哭, 泣)

References

edit

Japanese

edit

Kanji

edit
哭

(Hyōgai kanji)

  1. to cry; to wail

Readings

edit
  • Go-on: こく (koku)
  • Kan-on: こく (koku)
  • Kun: なく (naku, 哭く)

Compounds

edit

Korean

edit

Etymology

edit

From Middle Chinese 哭 (MC khuwk).

Historical readings

Pronunciation

edit

Hanja

edit
Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

哭 (eumhun 울 곡 (ul gok))

  1. hanja form? of 곡 (“cry”)

Compounds

edit
Compounds

References

edit
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

edit

Han character

edit

哭: Hán Nôm readings: khốc, khóc

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=哭&oldid=81328752"