擋

See also: 挡

擋	U+64CB, 擋 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-64CB

← 擊
[U+64CA]

CJK Unified Ideographs

擌 →
[U+64CC]

Translingual

Han character

擋 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+13, 16 strokes, cangjie input 手火月田 (QFBW), four-corner 5906₆, composition ⿰扌當)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 458, character 11
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 12802
Dae Jaweon: page 807, character 2
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1968, character 3
Unihan data for U+64CB

Chinese

trad.		擋
simp.		挡
alternative forms		攩／挡

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (尚) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
當	taːŋ, taːŋs
襠	*taːŋ
鐺	taːŋ, sʰraːŋ
簹	*taːŋ
璫	*taːŋ
檔	taːŋ, taːŋs
儅	taːŋ, taːŋs
蟷	*taːŋ
擋	taːŋʔ, taːŋs
黨	taːŋʔ, tʰaːŋʔ
讜	*taːŋʔ
欓	*taːŋʔ
譡	*taːŋs
闣	*taːŋs
瓽	*taːŋs
鏜	*tʰaːŋ
闛	tʰaːŋ, daːŋ
鼞	*tʰaːŋ
曭	*tʰaːŋʔ
儻	tʰaːŋʔ, tʰaːŋs
戃	*tʰaːŋʔ
矘	*tʰaːŋʔ
爣	*tʰaːŋʔ
攩	hl'aːŋʔ, ɦʷlaːŋʔ, *ɦʷlaːŋs
淌	*tʰaːŋʔ
倘	*tʰaːŋʔ
躺	*tʰaːŋʔ
趟	tʰaːŋs, rtaːŋ, *rtaːŋs
堂	*daːŋ
坣	*daːŋ
棠	*daːŋ
糛	*daːŋ
螳	*daːŋ
隚	*daːŋ
橖	*daːŋ
掌	*tjaŋʔ
廠	tʰjaŋʔ, tʰjaŋs
敞	*tʰjaŋʔ
僘	*tʰjaŋʔ
氅	*tʰjaŋʔ
常	*djaŋ
嘗	*djaŋ
裳	*djaŋ
徜	*djaŋ
尚	djaŋ, djaŋs
甞	*djaŋ
鋿	*djaŋ
嫦	*djaŋ
償	djaŋ, djaŋs
賞	*hjaŋʔ
瞠	*rtʰaːŋ
撐	*rtʰaːŋ
樘	*rtʰaːŋ
橕	*rtʰaːŋ
牚	*rtʰaːŋs
埫	*tʰoŋʔ

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *taːŋʔ, *taːŋs) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 當 (OC *taːŋ, *taːŋs).

Etymology

From 當 (OC *taːŋ, “to have the value of; to be equal of; to face; vis-à-vis; to match”) and originally written as 當 (Wang, 1982).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): dǎng, dàng (dang³, dang⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄉㄤˇ, ㄉㄤˋ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): dong² / dong³

(Taishan, Wiktionary): ong² / dong²
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): tóng

(Meixian, Guangdong): dong³
Eastern Min (BUC): dáung / dōng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): tóng / tòng

(Teochew, Peng'im): dang³ / deng³
Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁵taon / ³taon; ⁵taon

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: dǎng
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄤˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: dǎng
  - Wade–Giles: tang³
  - Yale: dǎng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: daang
  - Palladius: дан (dan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɑŋ²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese, literary)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: dàng
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄤˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: dàng
  - Wade–Giles: tang⁴
  - Yale: dàng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: danq
  - Palladius: дан (dan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɑŋ⁵¹/

Note: dàng - only used in 摒擋 and 搭擋.

Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: dong² / dong³
  - Yale: dóng / dong
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dong² / dong³
  - Guangdong Romanization: dong² / dong³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɔːŋ³⁵/, /tɔːŋ³³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: ong² / dong²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɔŋ⁵⁵/, /tɔŋ⁵⁵/

Note:

ong2 - “to block”;
dong2 - “gear”.

Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tóng
  - Hakka Romanization System: dong^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: dong³
  - Sinological IPA: /toŋ³¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: dong³
  - Sinological IPA: /tɔŋ³¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: dáung / dōng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɑuŋ²¹³/, /touŋ³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tóng
  - Tâi-lô: tóng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dorng
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tɔŋ⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tòng
  - Tâi-lô: tòng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: doxng
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tɔŋ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /tɔŋ¹¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /tɔŋ²¹/

Note:

tóng - literary;
tòng - vernacular (俗).

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: dang³ / deng³
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tàng / tṳ̀ng
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /taŋ²¹³/, /tɯŋ²¹³/

Note:

dang3 - literary;
deng3 - vernacular (only used in 摒擋).

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵taon
  - MiniDict: taon^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²taan
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /tɑ̃³⁴/
- (Northern: Suzhou)
  - Wugniu: ³taon; ⁵taon
  - MiniDict: taon^上; taon^去
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /tɑ̃⁵¹/, /tɑ̃⁵²³/

Note:

³taon - Suzhounese, "to obstruct";
⁵taon - Suzhounese, "to hold fast".

Middle Chinese: tangH

Rime
Character	擋
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	端 (5)
Final (韻)	唐 (101)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	丁浪切
Baxter	tangH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tɑŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/tɑŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/tɑŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/taŋ^H/
Li Rong	/tɑŋ^H/
Wang Li	/tɑŋ^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/tɑŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dàng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	dong³

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*taːŋʔ/, /*taːŋs/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	擋	擋
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	11112	11118
Phonetic component	尚	尚
Rime group	陽	陽
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	黨	譡
Old Chinese	/*taːŋʔ/	/*taːŋs/
Notes	當分化字或作攩

Definitions

擋

to block; to obstruct
擋住去路／挡住去路 ― dǎng zhù qùlù ― to block the way

搵嘢擋住啲雨 [Cantonese, trad.]
揾嘢挡住啲雨 [Cantonese, simp.]
wan² je⁵ dong² zyu⁶ di¹ jyu⁵ [Jyutping]
find something to protect oneself from (lit. block off) the rain
- 玄德苦擋，雲長不依，只領五百校刀手而去。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
  玄德苦挡，云长不依，只领五百校刀手而去。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]
  From: Romance of the Three Kingdoms, circa 14^th century CE
  Xuándé kǔ dǎng, Yúncháng bù yī, zhǐ lǐng wǔbǎi jiàodāoshǒu ér qù. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
to hide from view; to cover; to obscure
(automotive) gear
二擋／二挡 ― èrdǎng ― second gear

手動擋／手动挡 ― shǒudòngdǎng ― manual transmission

跳擋／跳挡 ― tiàodǎng ― to pop out of gear; to skip a gear when shifting
(Northern Wu) to handle; to keep in place; to hold fast; to hold and shield with hand
擋筷兒／挡筷儿 [Suzhounese] ― ⁵taon ¹khue-ng₀ [Wugniu] ― to hold a pair of chopsticks steady; (broadly) to use chopsticks
- 大家看見仔覅嚇一嚇個啊，要緊奔上來好婆擋擋牢，萬一跌下來闖窮禍唻。 [Shanghainese, trad.]
  大家看见仔覅吓一吓个啊，要紧奔上来好婆挡挡牢，万一跌下来闯穷祸𫪁。 [Shanghainese, simp.]
  From: 2017, 胡寶談 [Hu Baotan],上海人門檻 [The Shanghainese Way of Passing]
  ⁶da-ka ¹khoe-ci-tsy ⁶viau ⁷haq-iq-haq-gheq-a ¹iau-cin ¹pen-zaon-le ⁵hau-bu ⁵taon-taon ⁶lau ⁶ve-iq ⁷tiq-gho-le ⁵tshaon-jion-wu-le [Wugniu]
  Now everybody gets anxious at the sight of this of course; they rush and run to support granny and keep her on there; it'd be a disaster if she actually fell.

Synonyms

(to block):

edit

不通 (bùtōng)
堵塞
堵截 (dǔjié)
堵窒 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
妨礙／妨碍 (fáng'ài)
徑杈／径杈 (Hakka)
截 (jié)
掛礙／挂碍 (guà'ài)
擋住／挡住 (dǎngzhù)
攔／拦 (lán)
攔住／拦住 (lánzhù)
攔截／拦截 (lánjié)
攔擋／拦挡 (lándǎng)
攔閘／拦闸 (Hokkien)
攔阻／拦阻 (lánzǔ)
有礙／有碍 (yǒu'ài)
梗塞
滯滯／滞滞 (Hokkien)
滯礙／滞碍 (zhì'ài)
礙噠／碍哒 (ngai⁵ da) (Xiang)
窒礙／窒碍 (zhì'ài) (literary)
蔽塞 (bìsè) (literary)
蔽障 (bìzhàng)
遮 (literary, or in compounds)
邀 (yāo)
閉塞／闭塞 (bìsè)
阻住 (zo² zyu⁶) (Cantonese)
阻塞
阻撓／阻挠 (zǔnáo)
阻擋／阻挡 (zǔdǎng)
阻攔／阻拦 (zǔlán)
阻滯／阻滞 (zǔzhì)
阻礙／阻碍 (zǔ'ài)
阻窒 (Hokkien)
障礙／障碍 (zhàng'ài)

(to hide from view):

edit

掩 (yǎn)
掩蔽 (yǎnbì) (usually military)
蒙上 (méngshàng)
蔽障 (bìzhàng)
被覆 (bèifù)
遮蓋／遮盖 (zhēgài)
遮蔽 (zhēbì)
障蔽 (zhàngbì)

Antonyms

(antonym(s) of “to block”):

edit

放行 (fàngxíng)
暢通／畅通 (chàngtōng)
通行 (tōngxíng)

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

擋

(Hyōgai kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Go-on: とう (tō)^{←たう (tau, historical)}
Kan-on: とう (tō)^{←たう (tau, historical)}
Kun: さける (sakeru, 擋ける)

Vietnamese

Han character

擋: Hán Nôm readings: đương, đáng

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.