方言

Chinese

		square; quadrilateral; place square; quadrilateral; place; region; direction; side; method; way; prescription; power; upright; just	to speak; to say; talk to speak; to say; talk; word
simp. and trad. (方言)		方	言

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): fāngyán

  (Zhuyin): ㄈㄤ ㄧㄢˊ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): fong¹ jin⁴

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): fong¹ ngun³

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): fông-ngièn / fông-ngiàn

  (Hailu, HRS): fong^ˋ ngien

  (Meixian, Guangdong): fong¹ ngian²

• Eastern Min (BUC): huŏng-ngiòng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): hong-giân / hong-gân

  (Teochew, Peng'im): huang¹ ngang⁵

• Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ¹faon-yi₆ / ¹faon-ye₂

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: fāngyán
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄤ ㄧㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: fangyán
    • Wade–Giles: fang¹-yen²
    • Yale: fāng-yán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fangyan
    • Palladius: фанъянь (fanʺjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɑŋ⁵⁵ jɛn³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: fong¹ jin⁴
    • Yale: fōng yìhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: fong¹ jin⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: fong¹ yin⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɔːŋ⁵⁵ jiːn²¹/
    • Homophones:

      edit edit 方言 謊言／谎言

  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: fong¹ ngun³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɔŋ³³ ᵑɡun²²/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fông-ngièn
    • Hakka Romanization System: fong^ˊ ngien^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: fong¹ ngian²
    • Sinological IPA: /foŋ²⁴ ŋi̯en¹¹/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fông-ngiàn
    • Hakka Romanization System: fong^ˊ ngian^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: fong¹ ngian²
    • Sinological IPA: /foŋ²⁴ ŋi̯an¹¹/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: fong^ˋ ngien
    • Sinological IPA: /foŋ⁵³ ŋien⁵⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: fong¹ ngian²
    • Sinological IPA: /fɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ŋian¹¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: huŏng-ngiòng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /huoŋ⁵⁵ ŋyoŋ⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Philippines)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hong-giân
    • Tâi-lô: hong-giân
    • Phofsit Daibuun: honggieen
    • IPA (Taipei): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡiɛn²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡiɛn²³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Philippines): /hɔŋ³³ ɡiɛn²⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ɡiɛn²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hong-gân
    • Tâi-lô: hong-gân
    • Phofsit Daibuun: honggaan
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ɡan¹³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: huang¹ ngang⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huang ngâng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /huaŋ³³⁻²³ ŋaŋ⁵⁵/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹faon-yi₆
    • MiniDict: faon^平 yi^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹faan-hhi₃
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /fɑ̃⁵⁵ ɦi²¹/
  • (Northern: Suzhou)
    • Wugniu: ¹faon-ye₂
    • MiniDict: faon^平 yie^平
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /fɑ̃⁴⁴ ɦɪ/

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• Middle Chinese: pjang ngjon

Rime
Character	方	言
Reading #	2/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	陽 (106)	元 (65)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	府良切	語軒切
Baxter	pjang	ngjon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pʉɐŋ/	/ŋɨɐn/
Pan Wuyun	/pʷiɐŋ/	/ŋiɐn/
Shao Rongfen	/piuɑŋ/	/ŋiɐn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/puaŋ/	/ŋɨan/
Li Rong	/piuaŋ/	/ŋiɐn/
Wang Li	/pĭwaŋ/	/ŋĭɐn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/piwaŋ/	/ŋɨ̯ɐn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fāng	yán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fong1	jin4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*C-paŋ  ŋa[n]/

  (Zhengzhang): /*paŋ  ŋan/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	方	言
Reading #	1/3	3/4
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fāng	yán
Middle Chinese	‹ pjang ›	‹ ngjon ›
Old Chinese	/*C-paŋ/	/*ŋa[n]/
English	square	speak; speech
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	方	言
Reading #	1/2	1/1
No.	3023	14271
Phonetic component	方	言
Rime group	陽	元
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	方	言
Old Chinese	/*paŋ/	/*ŋan/
Notes	甲金文象槳即榜初文， 下初爲單筆，猶旂左初亦作單杆

Noun

方言

1. (linguistics) dialect; topolect; regional language variety

   天津方言  ―  Tiānjīn fāngyán  ―  Tianjin dialect (a dialect of Mandarin Chinese)

   廣州方言／广州方言  ―  Guǎngzhōu fāngyán  ―  Guangzhou Cantonese

   方言詞彙／方言词汇  ―  fāngyán cíhuì  ―  dialectal vocabulary

   德語方言／德语方言  ―  Déyǔ fāngyán  ―  German dialects

   《方言集釋》／《方言集释》  ―  “Fāngyán Jíshì”  ―  Collection and Explanation of Regional Tongues (Korean Joseon-era compilation of Chinese, Korean, Mongolian, Manchu, and Japanese)

2. (specifically) non-Standard Mandarin variety of Chinese (such as dialectal Mandarin, Cantonese, Min Nan, etc.)

   他在家說方言，在學校說普通話。 [MSC, trad.]
   他在家说方言，在学校说普通话。 [MSC, simp.]

   Tā zài jiā shuō fāngyán, zài xuéxiào shuō pǔtōnghuà. [Pinyin]

   He speaks the local dialect at home and Standard Mandarin at school.

3. (religion) tongues

   方言的恩賜／方言的恩赐  ―  fāngyán de ēncì  ―  the gift of tongues

   說方言／说方言  ―  shuō fāngyán  ―  to speak in tongues

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of “dialect”): (historical) 雅言 (yǎyán)

Derived terms

• 地區方言／地区方言
• 方言地圖／方言地图
• 方言字 (fāngyánzì)
• 方言學／方言学 (fāngyánxué)
• 方言島／方言岛 (fāngyándǎo)
• 方言志
• 方言連續體／方言连续体 (fāngyán liánxùtǐ)
• 方言點／方言点 (fāngyándiǎn)
• 社會方言／社会方言 (shèhuì fāngyán)
• 視覺方言／视觉方言 (shìjué fāngyán)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (方言):

• → Japanese: 方言(ほうげん) (hōgen)
• → Korean: 방언(方言) (bang'eon)
• → Vietnamese: phương ngôn (方言)

Proper noun

方言

1. Fangyan (the first Chinese dictionary of dialectal terms, written by Han dynasty scholar Yang Xiong)

Verb

方言

1. (literary) Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see 方,‎ 言 (yán): to open one's mouth to speak after a period of silence

Japanese

Kanji in this term
方	言
ほう Grade: 2	げん Grade: 2
on'yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ほーげん [hòógéń] (Heiban – [0])
• (Tokyo) ほーげん [hòógéꜜǹ] (Nakadaka – [3])
• IPA^(key): [ho̞ːɡẽ̞ɴ]

Noun

方(ほう)言(げん) • (hōgen) 

1. a dialect; a provincialism

See also

• Category:Regional Japanese
• -弁(べん) (ben, “suffix for dialects”)

Korean

Hanja in this term
方	言

Noun

方言 • (bang'eon) (hangeul 방언)

1. hanja form^? of 방언 (“dialect, patois”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
方	言

Noun

方言

1. chữ Hán form of phương ngôn (“dialect”).