炒

炒 U+7092, 炒 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7092 ← 炑 [U+7091] CJK Unified Ideographs 炓 → [U+7093]

Translingual

Han character

炒 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 火火竹 (FFH), four-corner 9982₀, composition ⿰火少)

Derived characters

• 𫷴

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 667, character 17
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18915
• Dae Jaweon: page 1076, character 25
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2191, character 15
• Unihan data for U+7092

Chinese

trad.		炒
simp. #		炒
alternative forms		煼／𬊂 𩱦 㷅 焣 ancient 𩱈 煼／𬊂 𩱦 㷅 焣 ancient 𩱈 𢐨 𤑵 𤌽 𤌉 𤊛 㶤 𤊝

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (小) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
觘	*sm̥ʰreːw, *sm̥ʰreːws
抄	*sm̥ʰreːw, *sm̥ʰreːws
鈔	*sm̥ʰreːw, *sm̥ʰreːws
訬	*sm̥ʰreːw, *mewʔ
炒	*sʰroːʔ
吵	*sm̥ʰreːwʔ, *mewʔ
耖	*sm̥ʰreːws
仯	*sm̥ʰreːws
眇	*mewʔ
渺	*mewʔ
杪	*mewʔ
秒	*mewʔ
篎	*mewʔ, *mews
妙	*mews
玅	*mews
釥	*sm̥ʰewʔ
小	*smewʔ
少	*hmjewʔ, *hmjews
麨	*m̥ʰjewʔ
尠	*senʔ, *smos

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰroːʔ) : semantic 火 + phonetic 少 (OC *hmjewʔ, *hmjews).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): chǎo (chao³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄠˇ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): cao³

• Cantonese (Jyutping): caau²

• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chháu
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): cor³
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chhá / chháu

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ca²

• Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁵tshau / ³tshau

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: chǎo
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄠˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: chǎo
    • Wade–Giles: chʻao³
    • Yale: chǎu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chao
    • Palladius: чао (čao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: cao³
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: cao
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰau⁵³/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: caau²
    • Yale: cháau
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsaau²
    • Guangdong Romanization: cao²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰaːu̯³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chháu
    • Hakka Romanization System: cau^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: cau³
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰau̯³¹/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: cor³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɒ⁴⁵³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: cor³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɒ³³²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhá / chháu
    • Tâi-lô: tshá / tsháu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zhar, zhao
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰa⁵³/, /t͡sʰau⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰa⁵⁵⁴/, /t͡sʰau⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰa⁵³/, /t͡sʰau⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰa⁵³/, /t͡sʰau⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰa⁴¹/, /t͡sʰau⁴¹/

Note:

• chhá - vernacular;
• chháu - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: ca²
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshá
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰa⁵²/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵tshau
    • MiniDict: tshau^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²tshau
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sʰɔ³⁴/
  • (Northern: Suzhou, Hangzhou)
    • Wugniu: ³tshau
    • MiniDict: tshau^上
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /t͡sʰæ⁵¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /t͡sʰɔ⁵³/

---

• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 炒
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʈ͡ʂʰɑu²¹⁴/
	Harbin	/ʈ͡ʂʰau²¹³/
	Tianjin	/t͡sʰɑu¹³/
	Jinan	/ʈ͡ʂʰɔ⁵⁵/
	Qingdao	/ʈ͡ʂʰɔ⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/ʈ͡ʂʰau⁵³/
	Xi'an	/t͡sʰau⁵³/
	Xining	/t͡sʰɔ⁵³/
	Yinchuan	/ʈ͡ʂʰɔ⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/ʈ͡ʂʰɔ⁴⁴²/
	Ürümqi	/t͡sʰɔ⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/t͡sʰau⁴²/
	Chengdu	/t͡sʰau⁵³/
	Guiyang	/t͡sʰao⁴²/
	Kunming	/ʈ͡ʂʰɔ⁵³/
	Nanjing	/ʈ͡ʂʰɔo²¹²/
	Hefei	/ʈ͡ʂʰɔ²⁴/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡sʰau⁵³/
	Pingyao	/t͡sʰɔ⁵³/ /sɔ⁵³/ ～麵
	Hohhot	/t͡sʰɔ⁵³/
Wu	Shanghai	/t͡sʰɔ³⁵/
	Suzhou	/t͡sʰæ⁵¹/
	Hangzhou	/t͡sʰɔ⁵³/
	Wenzhou	/t͡sʰuɔ³⁵/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡sʰɔ³⁵/
	Tunxi	/t͡sʰo³¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡sʰau⁴¹/
	Xiangtan	/t͡sʰaɯ⁴²/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡sʰɑu²¹³/
Hakka	Meixian	/t͡sʰau³¹/
	Taoyuan	/t͡sʰɑu³¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/t͡sʰau³⁵/
	Nanning	/t͡sʰɛu³⁵/
	Hong Kong	/t͡sʰau³⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/t͡sʰau⁵³/ /t͡sʰa⁵³/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/t͡sʰa³²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/t͡sʰau²¹/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/t͡sʰa⁵³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/sa²¹³/

---

• Middle Chinese: tsrhaewX

Rime
Character	炒
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	初 (19)
Final (韻)	肴 (90)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	初爪切
Baxter	tsrhaewX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ʃʰˠauX/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈ͡ʂʰᵚauX/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ʃʰauX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈ͡ʂʰaɨwX/
Li Rong	/t͡ʃʰauX/
Wang Li	/t͡ʃʰauX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʈ͡ʂʰauX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chǎo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	caau2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[tsʰ](ˤ)r[e]wʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*sʰroːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	炒
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chǎo
Middle Chinese	‹ tsrhæwX ›
Old Chinese	/*[tsʰ](ˁ)r[e]wʔ/
English	to stir-fry
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	炒
Reading #	1/1
No.	13687
Phonetic component	小
Rime group	侯
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	煼
Old Chinese	/*sʰroːʔ/
Notes	同煼，說文從鬲弜芻聲

Definitions

炒

1. to stir fry; to sauté

   炒飯、炒麵／炒饭、炒面 [Cantonese]  ―  caau² faan⁶, caau² min⁶ [Jyutping]  ―  fried rice; chow mein

   炒黃豆／炒黄豆 [Shanghainese]  ―  ⁵tshau ⁶waon-deu [Wugniu]  ―  "Frying soybeans" (a nursery rhyme)

2. (slang) to sack; to fire (short for 炒魷魚／炒鱿鱼 (chǎo yóuyú))

   即炒 [Cantonese]  ―  zik¹ caau² [Jyutping]  ―  to dismiss someone immediately

   因為金融風暴，公司炒咗一百個員工。 [Cantonese, trad.]
   因为金融风暴，公司炒咗一百个员工。 [Cantonese, simp.]

   jan¹ wai⁶ gam¹ jung⁴ fung¹ bou⁶, gung¹ si¹ caau² zo² jat¹ baak³ go³ jyun⁴ gung¹. [Jyutping]

   Due to the financial crisis, the company fired 100 employees.

3. (originally Cantonese) to speculate in

   炒股票 [Cantonese]  ―  caau² gu² piu³ [Jyutping]  ―  to speculate in stocks

   炒樓／炒楼 [Cantonese]  ―  caau² lau^4-2 [Jyutping]  ―  to speculate in property

4. (Hong Kong Cantonese, of machines) to crash

   炒車／炒车 [Cantonese]  ―  caau² ce¹ [Jyutping]  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)

   炒電梯／炒电梯 [Cantonese]  ―  caau² din⁶ tai¹ [Jyutping]  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)

5. (Hong Kong Cantonese) to perform badly (in a test or exam)

   我炒咗琴日份數學考試。 [Cantonese, trad.]
   我炒咗琴日份数学考试。 [Cantonese, simp.]

   ngo⁵ caau² zo² kam⁴ jat⁶ fan⁶ sou³ hok⁶ haau² si⁵. [Jyutping]

   I screwed up my maths exam yesterday.

6. (Hong Kong Cantonese, transitive, in matches or competitions) to win (someone)

Synonyms

• (to sack):

edit

• 停生意 (⁶din-san₁-i₅) (Shanghainese, dated)
• 執包袱／执包袱 (zap¹ baau¹ fuk⁶) (Cantonese)
• 捲鋪蓋／卷铺盖 (“to be fired”) (figurative)
• 炒魷魚／炒鱿鱼 (chǎo yóuyú) (slang)
• 解僱／解雇 (jiěgù)
• 解聘 (jiěpìn)
• 解職／解职 (jiězhí)
• 走路 (zǒulù, “to be fired”) (figurative)
• 辭退／辞退 (cítuì)
• 遣散
• 開除／开除 (kāichú)
• 革除 (géchú)
• 食無情雞／食无情鸡 (sik⁶ mou⁴ cing⁴ gai¹) (Cantonese)

 

Dialectal synonyms of 解僱 (“to terminate someone's employment; to fire; to sack”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		解僱, 辭退, 解聘, 開除, 革除, 解職
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	解僱, 炒魷魚
	Singapore	開除, 炒魷魚
Central Plains Mandarin	Wanrong	開銷
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	開銷, 開除
	Liuzhou	炒魷魚
Cantonese	Guangzhou	炒魷魚
	Hong Kong	炒魷魚, 炒魷, 炒, 豉椒炒魷, 開除, 辭, 食無情雞, 雞
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou)	除職
	Macau	炒魷魚
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	炒魷魚
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	炒魷魚
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	炒魷魚
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	辭退
	Foshan	炒魷魚
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	炒魷魚
	Foshan (Shunde)	炒魷魚
	Foshan (Sanshui)	炒魷魚
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	唔使
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	炒魷魚
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	炒魷魚
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	唔請
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	唔請
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	炒魷魚, 唔請
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	唔請
	Taishan	唔請, 炒魷魚, 炒
	Kaiping (Chikan)	唔請, 炒魷魚
	Enping (Niujiang)	唔請
	Heshan (Yayao)	辭工
	Dongguan	炒魷魚
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	炒魷魚
	Singapore (Guangfu)	炒魷魚
Gan	Pingxiang	開銷
Hakka	Meixian	辭退, 解僱, 炒魷魚
	Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua)	唔愛去做, 炒魷魚, 打豎鋪
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	炒魷魚
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	炒魷魚
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	炒魷魚
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	解僱
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	解僱
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	解僱
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	解僱
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	解僱
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	解僱
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	辭
Southern Min	Xiamen	辭頭路, 辭, 齧拗, 齧捒
	Zhao'an	辭退
	Tainan	辭頭路
	Singapore (Hokkien)	卜頭路
	Manila (Hokkien)	擗捒, 刣捒
	Shantou	解僱, 炒鰇魚
	Jieyang	清, 炒鰇魚
	Haifeng	炒鰇魚
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	除工
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	炒魷魚
Wu	Shanghai	炒魷魚
	Hangzhou	回報
Xiang	Changsha	開銷

• (to speculate): 炒作 (chǎozuò)

See also

• 煸 (biān)
• 煎 (jiān)
• 炸 (zhá)

Compounds

• 拗彆攪炒／拗别搅炒
• 攬炒／揽炒 (lǎnchǎo)
• 炒作 (chǎozuò)
• 炒冰
• 炒冷飯／炒冷饭 (chǎo lěngfàn)
• 炒刺
• 炒勺 (chǎosháo)
• 炒匯／炒汇 (chǎohuì)
• 炒咬
• 炒地皮
• 炒家 (chǎojiā)
• 炒栗子
• 炒米 (chǎomǐ)
• 炒米粉
• 炒肝 (chǎogān)
• 炒肝兒／炒肝儿 (chǎogānr)
• 炒股票
• 炒菜 (chǎocài)
• 炒蛋 (chǎodàn)
• 炒蝦拆蟹／炒虾拆蟹
• 炒豆兒／炒豆儿
• 炒貨／炒货 (chǎohuò)
• 炒買／炒买
• 炒買炒賣／炒买炒卖 (chǎomǎichǎomài)
• 炒賣／炒卖
• 炒車／炒车
• 炒鍋／炒锅 (chǎoguō)
• 炒鐵／炒铁
• 炒飯／炒饭 (chǎofàn)
• 炒餸／炒𩠌
• 炒魷／炒鱿
• 炒麵／炒面 (chǎomiàn)
• 烘炒
• 煎炒 (jiānchǎo)
• 番茄炒蛋 (fānqié chǎodàn)
• 瞎炒蛋
• 糖炒栗子
• 翻炒 (fānchǎo)
• 鬧炒／闹炒

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (炒):

• → Japanese: 炒(しょう) (shō); 炒(そう) (sō)
• → Korean: 초(炒) (cho)
• → Vietnamese: xào (炒)

Japanese

Kanji

炒

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: しょう (shō)^{←せう (seu, historical)}
• Kan-on: そう (sō)^{←さう (sau, historical)}
• Kun: いる (iru, 炒る)、いためる (itameru, 炒める)

Korean

Hanja

炒 • (cho) (hangeul 초, revised cho, McCune–Reischauer ch'o, Yale cho)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

炒: Hán Nôm readings: sao, xào, xáo

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.