貢

See also: 贡

貢 U+8CA2, 貢 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8CA2 ← 財 [U+8CA1] CJK Unified Ideographs 貣 → [U+8CA3]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

貢 (Kangxi radical 154, 貝+3, 10 strokes, cangjie input 一月山金 (MBUC) or 難一月山金 (XMBUC), four-corner 1080₆, composition ⿱工貝)

Derived characters

• 嗊 幊 愩 摃 槓 熕 碽 贑 䔈 篢 慐
• 𪝖 𡎴 𡟫 𡺭 𣹟 𥈿 𥛌 𦩼 𫋐 𨫋 𩌌 𩐵 𩫢 𩹸 𠞖 𪄌 𡻃 𤕙 𧶓 𥧡
• 𠗸 𡎴 𤗤 𧜙 𤳢 𨶛 𢩛 𪱮
• 𭹫 𬗯 𬧄

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1205, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36665
• Dae Jaweon: page 1666, character 3
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3624, character 5
• Unihan data for U+8CA2

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (工) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
缸	*kroːŋ, *ɡroːŋ
篢	*kluːmʔ, *koːŋ
贑	*kluːmʔ
涳	*ŋr'oːŋ, *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ
江	*kroːŋ
肛	*kroːŋ, *qʰroːŋ
扛	*kroːŋ
杠	*kroːŋ
豇	*kroːŋ
茳	*kroːŋ
釭	*kroːŋ, *koːŋ, *kuːŋ
矼	*kroːŋ
玒	*kroːŋ, *koːŋ
虹	*kroːŋs, *koːŋs, *ɡoːŋ
腔	*kʰroːŋ
崆	*kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ
羫	*kʰroːŋ
控	*kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋs
椌	*kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ
悾	*kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs
跫	*kʰroːŋ, *kʰoŋ, *ɡoŋ
啌	*qʰroːŋ
谾	*qʰroːŋ, *qʰoːŋ
舡	*qʰroːŋ
缻	*ɡroːŋ
項	*ɡroːŋʔ
屸	*ɡ·roːŋ
功	*koːŋ
工	*koːŋ
疘	*koːŋ
魟	*koːŋ, *qʰoːŋ, *ɡoːŋ
攻	*koːŋ, *kuːŋ
愩	*koːŋ
碽	*koːŋ
貢	*koːŋs
羾	*koːŋs
空	*kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs
箜	*kʰoːŋ
硿	*kʰoːŋ
埪	*kʰoːŋ
鵼	*kʰoːŋ
倥	*kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋʔ, *kʰoːŋs
鞚	*kʰoːŋs
叿	*qʰoːŋ
嗊	*qʰoːŋʔ
訌	*ɡoːŋ
紅	*ɡoːŋ
仜	*ɡoːŋ
葒	*ɡoːŋ
渱	*ɡoːŋ
鴻	*ɡoːŋ, *ɡoːŋʔ
汞	*ɡoːŋʔ
澒	*ɡoːŋʔ
鞏	*koŋʔ
巩	*koŋʔ
銎	*kʰoŋ, *qʰoŋ
恐	*kʰoŋʔ, *kʰoŋs
蛩	*ɡoŋ
筇	*ɡoŋ
桏	*ɡoŋ
邛	*ɡoŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *koːŋs) : phonetic 工 (OC *koːŋ) + semantic 貝. However, the phonetic component indicates the concept of working and achievement (功), hence putting efforts to make any kind of contribute and/or reach an achievement.

Etymology 1

trad.		貢
simp.		贡
alternative forms		𢀢

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gòng (gong⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄥˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gung³
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kung
• Eastern Min (BUC): góng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kòng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gong³

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gòng
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gòng
    • Wade–Giles: kung⁴
    • Yale: gùng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gonq
    • Palladius: гун (gun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gung³
    • Yale: gung
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gung³
    • Guangdong Romanization: gung³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kung
    • Hakka Romanization System: gung
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gung⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /kuŋ⁵⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: góng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kouŋ²¹³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kòng
    • Tâi-lô: kòng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: koxng
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔŋ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kɔŋ¹¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /kɔŋ²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: gong³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kòng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /koŋ²¹³/

---

• Middle Chinese: kuwngH

Rime
Character	貢
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	東 (1)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	古送切
Baxter	kuwngH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kuŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/kuŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/kuŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kəwŋH/
Li Rong	/kuŋH/
Wang Li	/kuŋH/
Bernard Karlgren	/kuŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gòng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gung3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ˤom-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*koːŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	貢
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gòng
Middle Chinese	‹ kuwngH ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ˁom-s/
English	tribute
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	貢
Reading #	1/1
No.	4031
Phonetic component	工
Rime group	東
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	貢
Old Chinese	/*koːŋs/

Definitions

貢

1. to pay tribute
2. tribute; gift
3. (historical) to select or recommend talents for the imperial court
4. (Xiamen Hokkien, historical) a kind of high-grade cloth like silk and satin
5. a surname

Compounds

• 五貢／五贡
• 任土作貢／任土作贡
• 例貢／例贡
• 優貢／优贡
• 克林貢／克林贡 (kèlíngòng)
• 入貢／入贡 (rùgòng)
• 副貢／副贡
• 土貢／土贡
• 幣貢／币贡
• 恩貢／恩贡
• 拔貢／拔贡
• 朝貢／朝贡 (cháogòng)
• 歲貢／岁贡
• 王貢彈冠／王贡弹冠
• 琛貢／琛贡
• 知貢舉／知贡举
• 禹貢／禹贡 (Yǔ Gòng)
• 稱臣納貢／称臣纳贡
• 納貢／纳贡 (nàgòng)
• 納貢稱臣／纳贡称臣
• 職貢／职贡
• 自貢／自贡 (Zìgòng, “Zigong”)
• 苞茅不貢／苞茅不贡
• 西貢／西贡 (Xīgòng)
• 貢丸／贡丸 (gòngwán)
• 貢元／贡元
• 貢八／贡八
• 貢品／贡品 (gòngpǐn)
• 貢士／贡士 (gòngshì)
• 貢奉／贡奉
• 貢官／贡官
• 貢寮／贡寮 (Gòngliáo)
• 貢水／贡水
• 貢煙／贡烟
• 貢獻／贡献 (gòngxiàn)
• 貢生／贡生 (gòngshēng)
• 貢監／贡监
• 貢禹／贡禹
• 貢禹彈冠／贡禹弹冠
• 貢稅／贡税 (gòngshuì)
• 貢緞／贡缎
• 貢膿／贡脓
• 貢舉／贡举
• 貢菜／贡菜
• 貢賦／贡赋 (gòngfù)
• 貢院／贡院 (gòngyuàn)
• 賓貢／宾贡
• 進貢／进贡 (jìngòng)
• 鄉貢／乡贡

 

Etymology 2

trad.		貢
simp.		贡
alternative forms		愩／𫺌

Pronunciation

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gung³

---

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gung³
    • Yale: gung
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gung³
    • Guangdong Romanization: gung³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ³³/

Definitions

貢 (Cantonese)

1. to crawl; to burrow; to writhe
2. to wander

   四圍貢／四围贡 [Cantonese]  ―  sei³ wai⁴ gung³ [Jyutping]  ―  to wander around

Japanese

Kanji

貢

(Jōyō kanji)

1. tribute
2. support

Readings

• Go-on: く (ku, Jōyō ^†)^{←く (ku, historical)}
• Kan-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)^{←こう (kou, historical)}
• Kun: みつぐ (mitsugu, 貢ぐ, Jōyō)、みつぎ (mitsugi, 貢ぎ)
• Nanori: すすむ (susumu)、つぐ (tsugu)、みつ (mitsu)

Compounds

• 貢(ぐ)税(ぜい) (guzei)
• 貢(く)馬(め) (kume)
• 貢(こう)闈(い) (kōi)
• 貢(こう)院(いん) (kōin)
• 貢(こう)煙(えん) (kōen)
• 貢(こう)款(かん) (kōkan)
• 貢(こう)挙(きょ) (kōkyo)
• 貢(こう)御(ぎょ) (kōgyo)
• 貢(こう)金(きん) (kōkin)
• 貢(こう)計(けい) (kōkei)
• 貢(こう)献(けん) (kōken): contribution; to contribute
• 貢(こう)元(げん) (kōgen)
• 貢(こう)菜(さい) (kōsai)
• 貢(こう)士(し) (kōshi)
• 貢(こう)使(し) (kōshi)
• 貢(こう)試(し) (kōshi)
• 貢(こう)賜(し) (kōshi)
• 貢(こう)主(しゅ) (kōshu)
• 貢(こう)上(じょう) (kōjō)
• 貢(こう)職(しょく) (kōshoku)
• 貢(こう)新(しん) (kōshin)
• 貢(こう)生(せい) (kōsei)
• 貢(こう)税(ぜい) (kōzei)
• 貢(こう)籍(せき) (kōseki)
• 貢(こう)選(せん) (kōsen)
• 貢(こう)薦(せん) (kōsen)
• 貢(こう)茶(ちゃ) (kōcha)
• 貢(こう)酎(ちゅう) (kōchū)
• 貢(こう)道(どう) (kōdō)
• 貢(こう)納(のう) (kōnō)
• 貢(こう)馬(ば) (kōba)
• 貢(こう)篚(ひ) (kōhi)
• 貢(こう)媚(び) (kōbi)
• 貢(こう)賦(ふ) (kōfu)
• 貢(こう)物(ぶつ) (kōbutsu)
• 貢(こう)奉(ほう) (kōhō)
• 貢(こう)法(ほう) (kōhō)
• 貢(こう)墨(ぼく) (kōboku)
• 貢(こう)米(まい) (kōmai)
• 貢(こう)諛(ゆ) (kōyu)
• 貢(こう)禄(ろく) (kōroku)
• 海(かい)貢(こう) (kaikō)
• 外(がい)貢(こう) (gaikō)
• 供(きょう)貢(こう) (kyōkō)
• 郷(きょう)貢(こう) (kyōkō)
• 歳(さい)貢(こう) (saikō)
• 職(しょっ)貢(こう) (shokkō)
• 進(しん)貢(こう) (shinkō)
• 租(そ)貢(こう) (sokō)
• 草(そう)貢(こう) (sōkō)
• 朝(ちょう)貢(こう) (chōkō)
• 徴(ちょう)貢(こう) (chōkō)
• 調(ちょう)貢(こう) (chōkō)
• 土(ど)貢(こう) (dokō)
• 入(にゅう)貢(こう) (nyūkō)
• 年(ねん)貢(ぐ) (nengu)
• 納(のう)貢(こう) (nōkō)
• 篚(ひ)貢(こう) (hikō)
• 賓(ひん)貢(こう) (hinkō)
• 賦(ふ)貢(こう) (fukō)
• 聘(へい)貢(こう) (heikō)
• 方(ほう)貢(こう) (hōkō)
• 包(ほう)貢(こう) (hōkō)
• 邦(ほう)貢(こう) (hōkō)
• 奉(ほう)貢(こう) (hōkō)
• 輸(ゆ)貢(こう) (yukō)
• 来(らい)貢(こう) (raikō)

 

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
貢
みつぐ Grade: S
kun'yomi

From the verb 貢ぐ (mitsugu, “to support, to finance”).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) みつぐ [mìtsúꜜgù] (Nakadaka – [2])
• IPA^(key): [mʲit͡sɨɡɯ̟]

Proper noun

貢(みつぐ) • (Mitsugu) 

1. a male given name

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
貢
みつぎ Grade: S
kun'yomi

From the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 貢ぐ (mitsugu, “to support, to finance”).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) みつぎ [mìtsúgí] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [mʲit͡sɨɡʲi]

Proper noun

貢(みつぎ) • (Mitsugi) 

1. a male given name
2. a surname

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
貢
こう Grade: S
kan'on

From Middle Chinese 貢 (MC kuwngH).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) こー [kóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [ko̞ː]

Noun

貢(こう) • (kō) 

1. tribute
2. support, a contribution (such as a donation of money)

Proper noun

貢(こう) • (Kō) 

1. a male given name

References

• 白川静 (Shirakawa Shizuka) (2014) “貢”, in 字通 (Jitsū)‎^[1] (in Japanese), popular edition, Tōkyō: Heibonsha, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

貢 (eumhun 바칠 공 (bachil gong))

1. hanja form^? of 공 (“give, offer, present”)
2. hanja form^? of 공 (“dedicate, devote”)

Vietnamese

Han character

貢: Hán Việt readings: cống
貢: Nôm readings: cóng, cống, gỏng, gúng, xống

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.