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Translingual
edit| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Stroke order (Hong Kong) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Stroke order (alternative) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Traditional | 龜 |
|---|---|
| Shinjitai | 亀 |
| Simplified | 龟 |
Han character
edit
龜 (Kangxi radical 213, 龜+0, 18 strokes in traditional Chinese, Japanese and Korean, 16 strokes in mainland China, cangjie input 竹月尸尸 (HBSS) or 弓難山 (NXU), four-corner 27117, composition ⿱⺈⿹⿷⿻冂⿰一⿺乚⺊⿼コ㐅𢑑(H) or ⿱⺈⿻⿻冂⿰一⿺乚⺊⿻コ⿴⿹𠃌⺕㐅(G) or ⿱丿⿻⿻冂⿰一⿺乚⺊⿻コ⿴⿹𠃌⺕㐅)
- Kangxi radical #213, ⿔.
Derived characters
editDescendants
editReferences
edit- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1537, character 23
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 48847
- Dae Jaweon: page 2078, character 18
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4809, character 4
- Unihan data for U+9F9C
Chinese
edit| trad. | 龜 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 龟 | |
| alternative forms | ||
Glyph origin
edit| Historical forms of the character 龜 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Pictogram (象形) : A drawing of a turtle seen from the side and from above (Bronze inscriptions).
Etymology 1
editAustroasiatic. Compare Mon ဂွိ (gwi, “soft-shell turtle”), Nyah Kur ทะวี่ʔ (tha wìiʼ, “soft-shell turtle”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): gui1 / kui1
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): gui1
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): gui1
- Northern Min (KCR): gṳ́
- Eastern Min (BUC): gŭi
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1ciu; 1kue
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): guei1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄟ
- Tongyong Pinyin: guei
- Wade–Giles: kuei1
- Yale: gwēi
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guei
- Palladius: гуй (guj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: gui1 / kui1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gui / kui
- Sinological IPA (key): /kuei⁵⁵/, /kʰuei⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: gwai1
- Yale: gwāi
- Cantonese Pinyin: gwai1
- Guangdong Romanization: guei1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʷɐi̯⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: gei1 / gei1*
- Sinological IPA (key): /kei³³/, /kei³³⁻³³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: gui1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kui⁴²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kûi
- Hakka Romanization System: guiˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: gui1
- Sinological IPA: /ku̯i²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: gui1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /kuei¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gṳ́
- Sinological IPA (key): /ky⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: gŭi
- Sinological IPA (key): /kui⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
Note:
- ku - vernacular;
- kui - literary.
Note:
- 1jy - vernacular;
- 1kue - literary.
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: guei1
- Sinological IPA (key): /ku̯e̞i̯³³/
- (Changsha)
- Middle Chinese: kwij
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ʷrə/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kʷrɯ/
Definitions
edit龜
- turtle; tortoise (Classifier: 隻／只 c)
- 何謂四靈？麟鳳龜龍，謂之四靈。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE
- Héwèi sìlíng? Lín fèng guī lóng, wèi zhī sìlíng. [Pinyin]
- What are the four numinous animals? The lin, the feng, the tortoise, and the dragon; those are called the four numinous animals.
何谓四灵？麟凤龟龙，谓之四灵。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (figurative) cuckold
- (Cantonese, humorous) signature (Classifier: 隻／只 c)
- (Hong Kong Cantonese, slang) police
Synonyms
edit- (tortoise):
Compounds
edit- 不待蓍龜／不待蓍龟 (bùdàishīguī)
- 九尾龜／九尾龟
- 兔角龜毛／兔角龟毛
- 六龜／六龟 (Liùguī, “Liouguei”)
- 六龜茶／六龟茶
- 冊府元龜／册府元龟
- 厾龜／厾龟 (tuh-ku) (Min Nan)
- 地圖龜／地图龟 (dìtúguī)
- 援鱉失龜／援鳖失龟
- 撥龜／拨龟
- 攝龜／摄龟
- 槓龜／杠龟 (gàngguī)
- 毛寶放龜／毛宝放龟
- 海龜／海龟 (hǎiguī)
- 灼龜／灼龟
- 烏龜／乌龟 (wūguī)
- 烏龜亡八／乌龟亡八
- 爛板烏龜／烂板乌龟
- 瓦影龜魚／瓦影龟鱼
- 白龜年／白龟年
- 紅龜／红龟 (âng-ku) (Min Nan)
- 縮頭烏龜／缩头乌龟 (suōtóu wūguī)
- 蓍龜／蓍龟 (shīguī)
- 蝸步龜移／蜗步龟移 (wōbùguīyí)
- 蟬腹龜腸／蝉腹龟肠
- 蠵龜／蠵龟 (xīguī)
- 解龜／解龟
- 象龜／象龟
- 金龜／金龟 (jīnguī)
- 金龜婿／金龟婿 (jīnguīxù)
- 金龜子／金龟子 (jīnguīzǐ)
- 金龜車／金龟车 (Jīnguīchē)
- 釣金龜／钓金龟
- 鐵雲藏龜／铁云藏龟
- 鴦龜／鸯龟
- 鶴算龜齡／鹤算龟龄
- 麟鳳龜龍／麟凤龟龙
- 龜兆／龟兆 (guīzhào)
- 龜兒子／龟儿子 (guī'érzi)
- 龜兔賽跑／龟兔赛跑
- 龜卜／龟卜 (guībǔ)
- 龜卦／龟卦
- 龜吼／龟吼 (Guīhǒu)
- 龜坼／龟坼
- 龜奴／龟奴
- 龜婆／龟婆 (guīpó)
- 龜子／龟子 (guīzǐ)
- 龜山／龟山 (Guīshān)
- 龜年／龟年
- 龜年鶴壽／龟年鹤寿
- 龜文／龟文
- 龜文鳥跡／龟文鸟迹
- 龜殼花／龟壳花 (guīkéhuā)
- 龜毛／龟毛 (guīmáo)
- 龜毛兔角／龟毛兔角 (guīmáotùjiǎo)
- 龜灼／龟灼
- 龜版／龟版
- 龜玉／龟玉
- 龜甲／龟甲 (guījiǎ)
- 龜策／龟策
- 龜筴／龟策
- 龜筮／龟筮
- 龜紐／龟纽
- 龜紋／龟纹
- 龜綬／龟绶
- 龜縮／龟缩 (guīsuō)
- 龜背芋／龟背芋
- 龜苓膏／龟苓膏 (guīlínggāo)
- 龜蛇二將／龟蛇二将
- 龜行／龟行
- 龜貝／龟贝
- 龜趺／龟趺 (guīfū)
- 龜速／龟速 (guīsù)
- 龜鑑／龟鉴 (guījiàn)
- 龜頭／龟头 (guītóu)
- 龜鱉目／龟鳖目
- 龜鶴／龟鹤
- 龜鶴同春／龟鹤同春
- 龜鼎／龟鼎
- 龜齡／龟龄
- 龜齡鶴算／龟龄鹤算
- 龜龍麟鳳／龟龙麟凤
Descendants
edit- → Zhuang: gvi
Etymology 2
editPronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄡ
- Tongyong Pinyin: ciou
- Wade–Giles: chʻiu1
- Yale: chyōu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiou
- Palladius: цю (cju)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: kau1 / gau1
- Yale: kāu / gāu
- Cantonese Pinyin: kau1 / gau1
- Guangdong Romanization: keo1 / geo1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰɐu̯⁵⁵/, /kɐu̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: kjuw
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ʷə/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kʷɯ/
Definitions
edit龜
Etymology 3
editPronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄩㄣ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jyun
- Wade–Giles: chün1
- Yale: jyūn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiun
- Palladius: цзюнь (czjunʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: gwan1
- Yale: gwān
- Cantonese Pinyin: gwan1
- Guangdong Romanization: guen1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʷɐn⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Southern Min
- Wu
Definitions
edit龜
- (of skin) to crack; to become chapped
- 宋人有善為不龜手之藥者，世世以洴澼絖為事。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Zhuangzi, circa 3rd – 2nd centuries BCE
- Sòng rén yǒu shàn wéi bù jūnshǒu zhī yào zhě, shìshì yǐ píngpìkuàng wéi shì. [Pinyin]
- There was a man of Song who was skilful at making a salve for chapped hands; and (his family) for generations had made the bleaching of cocoon-silk their business.
宋人有善为不龟手之药者，世世以洴澼𬘢为事。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
Compounds
editJapanese
edit| 亀 | |
| 龜 |
Kanji
edit龜
(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 亀)
Readings
editFrom Middle Chinese 龜 (MC kjuw), as in 龜茲 (Kyūji)
Definitions
edit| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 龜 |
| かめ Hyōgai |
| kun'yomi |
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 龜 |
| き Hyōgai |
| on'yomi |
| For pronunciation and definitions of 龜 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
| (This term, 龜, is the kyūjitai of the above term.) |
Korean
editEtymology 1
editFrom Middle Chinese 龜 (MC kwij).
Historical readings
- Recorded as Middle Korean 귀 (kwuy)訓 (Yale: kwuy) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Pronunciation
edit- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [kɥi] ~ [ky]
- Phonetic hangul: [귀]
Hanja
edit
Compounds
editCompounds
- 귀갑 (龜甲, gwigap)
- 귀각 (龜殼, gwigak)
- 귀모 (龜毛, gwimo)
- 귀배 (龜背, gwibae)
- 귀별 (龜鼈, gwibyeol)
- 귀복 (龜卜, gwibok)
- 귀옥 (龜玉, gwiok)
- 귀점 (龜占, gwijeom)
- 귀패 (龜貝, gwipae)
- 귀판 (龜板, gwipan)
- 맹귀 (盲龜, maenggwi)
- 수귀 (水龜, sugwi)
- 신귀 (神龜, sin'gwi)
- 영귀 (靈龜, yeonggwi)
- 장귀 (長龜, janggwi)
- 진귀 (秦龜, jin'gwi)
- 해귀 (海龜, haegwi)
- 휴귀 (蠵龜, hyugwi)
- 귀두 (龜頭, gwidu)
- 귀감 (龜鑑, gwigam, “warning; self-criticism”)
- 귀선 (龜船, gwiseon, “Turtle ship”)
Etymology 2
editFrom Middle Chinese 龜 (MC kjuw).
Historical readings
- Recorded as Middle Korean 쿠ᇢ (Yale: khwuw) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
- Recorded as Early Modern Korean 구韻 (Yale: kwu) in Samun Seonghwi (三韻聲彙 / 삼운성휘), 1751.
Pronunciation
edit- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ku]
- Phonetic hangul: [구]
Hanja
edit龜 (eumhun 땅 이름 구 (ttang ireum gu))
- hanja form? of 구 (“used in placenames”)
Compounds
editCompounds
Etymology 3
editFrom Middle Chinese 龜.
Historical readings
- Recorded as Middle Korean 균 (Yale: kyun) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
Pronunciation
edit- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [kjun]
- Phonetic hangul: [균]
Hanja
editCompounds
editCompounds
References
edit- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]
Old Japanese
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Japonic *kamaCi.[1]
Noun
edit龜 (kame2) (kana かめ)
- a tortoise, turtle
- 711–712, Kojiki, middle volume (Yamasachihiko and Umisachihiko):
- ...乘二龜甲一爲レ釣乍打羽擧來人遇二于速吸門一...
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 720, Nihon Shoki:
- 難波癬龜（倶毗柯梅）
- nanipa tapi₁kame₂
- Naniwa osteichthyan tortoise
- a tortoise shell used in 亀卜 (kiboku, “tortoise-shell divination”)
-
- ...千磐破神爾毛莫負卜部座龜毛莫燒曾戀之久爾...
- ...tipayaburu kami2 ni mo na opose urape2 mase kame2 mo na yaki1 so2 ko1pi2siku ni...
- ...mighty gods that carry not the burden, do divination with the unburnt tortoise shell with longing...
-
Descendants
edit- Japanese: 亀 (kame)
References
edit- ^ Samuel E. Martin (1987) The Japanese Language Through Time, New Haven, London: Yale University Press, →ISBN
Vietnamese
editHan character
edit龜: Hán Nôm readings: qui, quân, quy
Compounds
editCategories:
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- Kangxi Radicals block
- CJK Radicals Supplement block
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- zh:Reptiles
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- Japanese kanji with goon reading く
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading きゅう
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading きう
- Japanese terms spelled with 龜 read as かめ
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