те

See also: тэ, -те, т. е., т.е., and Appendix:Variations of "te"

Bulgarian

Etymology

From earlier тѣ. Formed under the influence of тѣхъ (těxŭ), тѣмъ (těmŭ), тѣми (těmi).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [tɛ]

• Audio:

  (file)

Pronoun

те • (te) (personal)

1. They; the third-person plural pronoun in the nominative case, used as the subject of a verb.

   Те току-що пристигнаха.

   Te toku-što pristignaha.

   They have just arrived.

   Те са по-ниски от мен.

   Te sa po-niski ot men.

   They are shorter than me.

2. short form of the second-person singular pronoun in the accusative case, used as the direct object of a verb; you

   Обичам те.

   Običam te.

   I love you.

   Може ли да те попитам нещо?

   Može li da te popitam nešto?

   Can I ask you something?

Related terms

Bulgarian personal pronouns

Number	Person	Gender	Nominative (subject)	Accusative (direct complement)		Dative (indirect complement)		Prepositional
				Full	Short	Full	Short
Singular	First	—	аз (az)	мен (men) ме́не (méne)	ме (me)	ме́не (méne)	ми (mi)	мен (men) ме́не (méne)
	Second	Informal	ти (ti)	теб (teb) те́бе (tébe)	те (te)	те́бе (tébe)	ти (ti)	теб (teb) те́бе (tébe)
		Formal	Ви́е (Víe)	Вас (Vas)	Ви (Vi)	Вам (Vam)	Ви (Vi)	Вас (Vas)
	Third	Masculine	той (toj)	не́го (négo)	го (go)	не́му (nému)	му (mu)	не́го (négo)
		Feminine	тя (tja)	не́я (néja)	я (ja)	ней (nej)	ѝ (ì)	не́я (néja)
		Neuter	то (to)	не́го (négo)	го (go)	не́му (nému)	му (mu)	не́го (négo)
Plural	First	—	ни́е (níe) ний (nij)	нас (nas)	ни (ni)	нам (nam)	ни (ni)	нас (nas)
	Second	Informal	ви́е (víe) вий (vij)	вас (vas)	ви (vi)	вам (vam)	ви (vi)	вас (vas)
		Formal	Ви́е (Víe)	Вас (Vas)	Ви (Vi)	Вам (Vam)	Ви (Vi)	Вас (Vas)
	Third	—	те (te)	тях (tjah)	ги (gi)	тям (tjam)	им (im)	тях (tjah)

Eastern Mari

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /te/
• Rhymes: -e
• Hyphenation: те

Pronoun

те • (te)

1. (personal) you (plural and/or formal)

   те марла кутыреда?

   te marla kutyreda?

   do you speak Mari?

Declension

Personal pronouns
	nominative	accusative	genitive	dative
1st sg	мый (myj)	мыйым (myjym)	мыйын (myjyn)	мыланем (mylańem) ~ мылам (mylam)
2nd sg	тый (tyj)	тыйым (tyjym)	тыйын (tyjyn)	тыланет (tylańet) ~ мылат (mylat)
3rd sg	тудо (tudo)	тудым (tudym)	тудын (tudyn)	тудлан (tudlan)
1st pl	ме (me)	мемнам (memnam)	мемнан (memnan)	мыланна (mylanna)
2nd pl	те (te)	тендам (tendam)	тендан (tendan)	тыланда (tylanda)
3rd pl	нуно (nuno)	нуным (nunym)	нунын (nunyn)	нунылан (nunylan)
*) There are two forms for personal pronouns in the first and second persons singular in the dative: мыланем (mylańem) ~ мылам (mylam) and тыланет (tylańet) ~ тылат (tylat). There is no overt difference in usage between the two forms. The nominative forms мый (myj) and mый (myj) also have long forms, мые and тые (tyje); these are typically encountered in poetic speech.

Derived terms

pronouns

• тендан (tendan)

 

References

• J. Bradley et al. (2023) “те”, in The Mari Web Project: Mari-English Dictionary, University of Vienna

Erzya

Etymology

From Proto-Mordvinic *ťä, from Proto-Uralic *tä (“this”). Cognate with Moksha тя (ťa), Finnish tämä, Estonian tema, Skolt Sami tät, Udmurt та (ta), Hungarian teg- in tegnap, Tundra Nenets тей (ťej).

Pronoun

те • (ťe)

1. this

   Мон важодян те столенть экшсэ.

   Mon važoďan ťe stoľeńť ekšse.

   I work at this desk.

   • 1865, Ferdinand Johann Wiedemann, Das Evangelium des Matthäus ersamordwinisch, page 29:

     I tuź kuľa tede vese te mastorga.

     News of this spread through all that region.

     (literally, “[...] through all this region.”)

Declension

Declension of те (ťe)

	singular	plural
nominative	те (ťe)	неть (ńeť), не (ńe), нетне (ńeťńe)
genitive	тень (ťeń)	нетнень (ńeťńeń), нень (ńeń)
dative	тенень (ťeńeń)	нетненень (ńeťńeńeń), ненень (ńeńeń)
ablative	теде (ťeďe)	нетнеде (ńeťńeďe), ненде (ńeńďe)
inessive	теньсэ (ťeńse), тень эйсэ (ťeń ejse)	нетнесэ (ńeťńese), неньсэ (ńeńse)
elative	теньстэ (ťeńste), тень эйстэ (ťeń ejste)	нетнестэ (ńeťńeste), неньстэ (ńeńste)
illative	теньс (ťeńs), тень эйс (ťeń ejs)	нетнес (ńeťńes), неньс (ńeńs)
prolative	теньга (ťeńga), тень эзга (ťeń ezga)	нетнева (ńeťńeva), неньга (ńeńga)
translative	текс (ťeks)	нетнекс (ńeťńeks), ненькс (ńeńks)
abessive	тентеме (ťeńťeme)	нетневтеме (ńeťńevťeme), нентеме (ńeńťeme)
comparative	теньшка (ťeńška)	нетнешка (ńeťńeška), неньшка (ńeńška)

References

• B. A. Serebrennikov, R. N. Buzakova, M. V. Mosin (1993) “те”, in Эрзянь-рузонь валкс [Erzya-Russian dictionary], Moscow: Русский язык, →ISBN
• Entry #1034 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
• Keresztes, László (1986) Geschichte der mordwinischen Konsonantismus II. Etymologisches Belegmaterial‎^[1], Szeged: Studia Uralo-Altaica 26.

Macedonian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [tɛ]

Conjunction

те • (te)

1. at times... at other times...
2. now... now... (indicates two alternating situations)

Pronoun

те • (te)

1. Short direct object form of ти (ti).

Russian

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [tʲe]

• Audio:

  (file)

Determiner

те • (te) pl (demonstrative)

1. inflection of тот (tot):
   1. nominative plural
   2. inanimate accusative plural

Pronoun

те • (te) pl (demonstrative)

1. inflection of тот (tot):
   1. nominative plural
   2. inanimate accusative plural

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [tʲe]

Pronoun

те • (te)

1. (colloquial) Contraction of тебе́ (tebé).
   • 1985, Nautilus Pompilius [Nautilus Pompilius] (lyrics and music), “Алчи, Алчи”, in Невидимка:

     Ма́ма, ма́стер дя́дя Ко́ля
     Ждёт давно́ меня́ внизу́.
     Вот те но́жик, вот те спи́чки.
     Я на рабо́ту выхожу́.

     Máma, máster djádja Kólja
     Ždjot davnó menjá vnizú.
     Vot te nóžik, vot te spíčki.
     Ja na rabótu vyxožú.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology 1

Pronoun

те (Latin spelling te)

1. of you (clitic genitive singular of ти̑ (“you”))
2. you (clitic accusative singular of ти̑ (“you”))

Declension

Declension of те

	singular	plural
nominative	ти̑	ви̑
genitive	те̏бе, те	ва̑с, вас
dative	те̏би, ти	ва̏ма, вам
accusative	те̏бе, те	ва̑с, вас
vocative	ти	ви̑
locative	те̏би	ва̏ма
instrumental	то̏бо̄м	ва̏ма

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ta. Compare Ukrainian та (ta).

Conjunction

те (Latin spelling te)

1. and

Udi

Etymology

From Aghwan 𐔸𐔴 (te).

Determiner

те • (te)

1. no

   -Ви баба арене? -Те.

   -Have your dad arrived? -No

Further reading

• Gippert J., Schulze W., Aleksidze Z., Mahé J.-P., editors (2009), The Caucasian Albanian Palimpsests of Mount Sinai (Monumenta Palaeographica Medii Aevi: Series Ibero-Caucasica; 2), volume 1, Turnhout: Brepols, →ISBN, page II-55
• Gukasjan, Vorošil (1974) “те”, in Удинско-азербайджанско-русский словарь [Udi–Azerbaijani–Russian Dictionary]‎^[2], Baku: Academy Press, page 204

Ukrainian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [tɛ]

• Audio:

  (file)

Determiner

те • (te)

1. nominative/accusative neuter singular of той (toj)