जन

See also: जून

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit जन (jána).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /d͡ʒən/, [d͡ʒɐ̃n]

Noun

जन • (jan) m (Urdu spelling جن)

1. (dialectal) person, people (collectively)

   Synonym: लोग (log)

Declension

Declension of जन (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	जन jan	जन jan
oblique	जन jan	जनों janõ
vocative	जन jan	जनो jano

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• jana (Latin script)
• 𑀚𑀦 (Brahmi script)
• জন (Bengali script)
• ජන (Sinhalese script)
• ဇန or ၹၼ (Burmese script)
• ชน or ชะนะ (Thai script)
• ᨩᨶ (Tai Tham script)
• ຊນ or ຊະນະ (Lao script)
• ជន (Khmer script)
• 𑄎𑄚 (Chakma script)

Noun

जन m

1. Devanagari script form of jana

Declension

Declension table of "जन" (masculine)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	जनो (jano)	जना (janā)
Accusative (second)	जनं (janaṃ)	जने (jane)
Instrumental (third)	जनेन (janena)	जनेहि (janehi) or जनेभि (janebhi)
Dative (fourth)	जनस्स (janassa) or जनाय (janāya) or जनत्थं (janatthaṃ)	जनानं (janānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	जनस्मा (janasmā) or जनम्हा (janamhā) or जना (janā)	जनेहि (janehi) or जनेभि (janebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	जनस्स (janassa)	जनानं (janānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	जनस्मिं (janasmiṃ) or जनम्हि (janamhi) or जने (jane)	जनेसु (janesu)
Vocative (calling)	जन (jana)	जना (janā)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• জন (Assamese script)
• ᬚᬦ (Balinese script)
• জন (Bengali script)
• 𑰕𑰡 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀚𑀦 (Brahmi script)
• ဇန (Burmese script)
• જન (Gujarati script)
• ਜਨ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌜𑌨 (Grantha script)
• ꦗꦤ (Javanese script)
• 𑂔𑂢 (Kaithi script)
• ಜನ (Kannada script)
• ជន (Khmer script)
• ຊນ (Lao script)
• ജന (Malayalam script)
• ᡯᠠᠨᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘕𑘡 (Modi script)
• ᠽᠠᠨᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦵𑧁 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐖𑐣 (Newa script)
• ଜନ (Odia script)
• ꢙꢥ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆘𑆤 (Sharada script)
• 𑖕𑖡 (Siddham script)
• ජන (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩣𑩯 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚑𑚝 (Takri script)
• ஜந (Tamil script)
• జన (Telugu script)
• ชน (Thai script)
• ཛ་ན (Tibetan script)
• 𑒖𑒢 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨥𑨝 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁-

Proto-Indo-European *-os

Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁os

Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ánHas

Sanskrit जन॑ (jána)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *ȷ́ánHas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ánHas, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁os. Cognate with Old Persian 𐏀𐎴 (zana, “man; tribe”), Avestan 𐬯𐬭𐬬𐬋𐬰𐬀𐬥𐬀 (srvōzana, “belonging to the race of the horned ones”), Ancient Greek γόνος (gónos, “creation”), French gens (“set of people”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /d͡ʑɐ́.nɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈd͡ʑɐ.n̪ɐ/

Adjective

जन॑ • (jána) stem

1. generating

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of जन (jána)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	जनः jánaḥ	जनौ / जना¹ jánau / jánā¹	जनाः / जनासः¹ jánāḥ / jánāsaḥ¹
Vocative	जन jána	जनौ / जना¹ jánau / jánā¹	जनाः / जनासः¹ jánāḥ / jánāsaḥ¹
Accusative	जनम् jánam	जनौ / जना¹ jánau / jánā¹	जनान् jánān
Instrumental	जनेन jánena	जनाभ्याम् jánābhyām	जनैः / जनेभिः¹ jánaiḥ / jánebhiḥ¹
Dative	जनाय jánāya	जनाभ्याम् jánābhyām	जनेभ्यः jánebhyaḥ
Ablative	जनात् jánāt	जनाभ्याम् jánābhyām	जनेभ्यः jánebhyaḥ
Genitive	जनस्य jánasya	जनयोः jánayoḥ	जनानाम् jánānām
Locative	जने jáne	जनयोः jánayoḥ	जनेषु jáneṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of जना (jánā)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	जना jánā	जने jáne	जनाः jánāḥ
Vocative	जने jáne	जने jáne	जनाः jánāḥ
Accusative	जनाम् jánām	जने jáne	जनाः jánāḥ
Instrumental	जनया / जना¹ jánayā / jánā¹	जनाभ्याम् jánābhyām	जनाभिः jánābhiḥ
Dative	जनायै jánāyai	जनाभ्याम् jánābhyām	जनाभ्यः jánābhyaḥ
Ablative	जनायाः / जनायै² jánāyāḥ / jánāyai²	जनाभ्याम् jánābhyām	जनाभ्यः jánābhyaḥ
Genitive	जनायाः / जनायै² jánāyāḥ / jánāyai²	जनयोः jánayoḥ	जनानाम् jánānām
Locative	जनायाम् jánāyām	जनयोः jánayoḥ	जनासु jánāsu
Notes	¹Vedic ²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of जन (jána)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	जनम् jánam	जने jáne	जनानि / जना¹ jánāni / jánā¹
Vocative	जन jána	जने jáne	जनानि / जना¹ jánāni / jánā¹
Accusative	जनम् jánam	जने jáne	जनानि / जना¹ jánāni / jánā¹
Instrumental	जनेन jánena	जनाभ्याम् jánābhyām	जनैः / जनेभिः¹ jánaiḥ / jánebhiḥ¹
Dative	जनाय jánāya	जनाभ्याम् jánābhyām	जनेभ्यः jánebhyaḥ
Ablative	जनात् jánāt	जनाभ्याम् jánābhyām	जनेभ्यः jánebhyaḥ
Genitive	जनस्य jánasya	जनयोः jánayoḥ	जनानाम् jánānām
Locative	जने jáne	जनयोः jánayoḥ	जनेषु jáneṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Related terms

• उदजन (udajana)
• पुरंजन (puraṃjana)

Noun

जन॑ • (jána) stem, m

1. person, human being, human

   ते जनाः किं वदन्ति?

   te janāḥ kiṃ vadanti?

   What are those people saying?

2. race, people group
3. (used collectively) people; subjects
4. (religion) mortal, common person

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of जन (jána)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	जनः jánaḥ	जनौ / जना¹ jánau / jánā¹	जनाः / जनासः¹ jánāḥ / jánāsaḥ¹
Vocative	जन jána	जनौ / जना¹ jánau / jánā¹	जनाः / जनासः¹ jánāḥ / jánāsaḥ¹
Accusative	जनम् jánam	जनौ / जना¹ jánau / jánā¹	जनान् jánān
Instrumental	जनेन jánena	जनाभ्याम् jánābhyām	जनैः / जनेभिः¹ jánaiḥ / jánebhiḥ¹
Dative	जनाय jánāya	जनाभ्याम् jánābhyām	जनेभ्यः jánebhyaḥ
Ablative	जनात् jánāt	जनाभ्याम् jánābhyām	जनेभ्यः jánebhyaḥ
Genitive	जनस्य jánasya	जनयोः jánayoḥ	जनानाम् jánānām
Locative	जने jáne	जनयोः jánayoḥ	जनेषु jáneṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Derived terms

• जनपद (janapada, “realms of the Vedic period”)
• महाजनपद (mahājanapada, “sixteen great realms of classical India”)

Descendants

• Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀚𑀦 (jana)
  • Prakrit: 𑀚𑀡 (jaṇa)
    • Apabhramsa: जण (jaṇa) (see there for further descendants)

Borrowed terms

• → Khmer: ជន (cŭən)
• → Telugu: జనుడు (januḍu)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “जन”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 410.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 566