See also:
U+4ECF, 仏
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4ECF

[U+4ECE]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+4ED0]

Translingual

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Stroke order
 

Han character

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(Kangxi radical 9, +2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 人戈 (OI) or 難人戈 (XOI), four-corner 22230, composition )

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 92, character 5
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 364
  • Dae Jaweon: page 195, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 110, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+4ECF

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Used since the Northern and Southern dynasties. To avoid using the character , (mǒu, “someone”) is used instead; the character is ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : + , where is a variant form of .

Etymology 1

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For pronunciation and definitions of – see (“Buddha; The Enlightened One; statue of Buddha; etc.”).
(This character is an ancient form of ).

Etymology 2

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For pronunciation and definitions of – see (“to be like; to be similar to; to resemble; etc.”).
(This character is a variant form of ).

Japanese

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Shinjitai

Kyūjitai

Kanji

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(Fifth grade kyōiku kanjishinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form )

Readings

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  • Go-on: ぶつ (butsu, Jōyō)ぶち (buchi)
  • Kan-on: ふつ (futsu)
  • Kun: ほとけ (hotoke, , Jōyō)
  • Nanori: さとる (satoru)

Compounds

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
ほとけ
Grade: 5
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
(kyūjitai)

*⟨poto2ke2 → */pətəkəi̯//ɸotoke//hotoke/

From Old Japanese, most likely from Proto-Koreanic *Pwutukye, hence related to modern Korean 부처 (Bucheo), Manchu ᡶᡠᠴᡳᡥᡳ (fucihi); see the Proto-Korean entry for more.[1][2] The word was presumably disseminated by the Baekje people of southwestern Korea, who first introduced Buddhism to Japan. The first two syllables are ultimately from Sanskrit बुद्ध (buddhá), via Middle Chinese 佛陀 (MC bjut da) or some similar Sinitic form. Thomas Pellard speculates that the final element is an ancient Koreanic word for "king; lord".

The more traditional explanation still given in Japanese dictionaries is that the final ke element might be the Chinese-derived suffix (ke, spirit),[3][4] but a Koreanic explanation is more plausible.

First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.[4]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(ほとけ) (hotoke

  1. (Buddhism) a buddha (enlightened or awakened sentient being)
  2. (Buddhism) a statue or image of any buddha
  3. a departed soul, deceased
  4. (colloquial) a term that a parent calls a child expressing parental affection, equivalent to “my dear
    • c. 890, Taketori Monogatari (page 7)[5]
      (わが)()(ほとけ)(へん)()(ひと)(まう)しながら、こゝら(おほき)さまで(やしな)(たてまつ)(こころざし)(をろ)かならず。
      Waga ko no hotoke, henge no hito to mōshinagara, kokora ōkisama de yashinai-tatematsuru kokorozashi oroka narazu.
      My dear child, when you are talking about someone who is a manifestation [of a supernatural entity], it would not be dumb to try to bring them up in this grand fashion.
    • c. 890, Taketori Monogatari (page 61)[5]
      あが(ほとけ)(なに)(ごと)(おも)ひたまふぞ。
      A ga hotoke, nanigoto omoitamau zo.
      My dear, what on earth are you thinking about?
  5. (religion) Buddhism
    Synonym: 仏法 (Buppō)
  6. (Buddhism) performing a Buddhist memorial service
Derived terms
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Proper noun

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(ほとけ) (Hotoke

  1. (Buddhism) the Sakyamuni Buddha, Nepalese spiritual and philosophical teacher and founder of Buddhism: Siddhartha Gautama
    Synonyms: 釈迦如来 (Shaka-nyorai), 釈迦牟尼 (Shakamuni)
  2. (Buddhism) any of the other buddhas named in Buddhist scriptures

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
ぶつ
Grade: 5
goon
Alternative spelling
(kyūjitai)

From Middle Chinese (MC bjut), shortened from 佛陀 (MC bjut da), itself a transliteration of Sanskrit बुद्ध (buddha).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(ぶつ) (butsu

  1. (religion) Buddhism
    (じゅ)(ぶつ)(どう)Ju,Butsu,DōConfucianism, Buddhism, Taoism
Derived terms
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Proper noun

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(ぶつ) (Butsu

  1. Short for 仏陀 (Butsuda, Budda): Buddha

Affix

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(ぶつ) (butsu

  1. Buddha
  2. Short for 仏教 (Bukkyō). Buddhism
  3. Short for 仏像 (butsuzō). Buddhist image
Derived terms
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Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
ふつ
Grade: 5
kan'on
Alternative spelling
(kyūjitai)

Short form of ateji spelling 仏蘭西 (Furansu).

Pronunciation

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Affix

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(ふつ) (futsu

  1. Short for フランス (Furansu): France
    札幌(さっぽろ)(にち)(ふつ)(きょう)(かい)Sapporo Nichi-Futsu KyōkaiThe Sapporo Japan-France Society
Derived terms
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References

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  1. ^ Vovin, Alexander (2006) “Why Manchu and Jurchen Look So Un-Tungusic”, in Alessandra Pozzi, Juha Janhunen and Michael Weiers, editors, Tumen jalafun secen aku. Manchu Studies in Honour of Giovanni Stary, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, pages 255-266
  2. ^ Pellard, Thomas (2014) “The Awakened Lord: The Name of the Buddha in East Asia”, in Journal of the American Oriental Society[1], →DOI
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. 4.0 4.1 ”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[2] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  5. 5.0 5.1 Horiuchi, Hideaki with Ken Akiyama (1997) Taketori Monogatari, Ise Monogatari, Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN

Okinawan

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Shinjitai

Kyūjitai

Kanji

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(Fifth grade kyōiku kanjishinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form )

Readings

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
ふとぅき
Grade: 5
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
(kyūjitai)

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Cognate with standard Japanese (hotoke).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(ふとぅき) (futuki

  1. a buddha
  2. a Buddhist image or statue
  3. (by extension) a kindhearted person
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
ぶち
Grade: 5
on'yomi
Alternative spelling
(kyūjitai)

From Middle Chinese (MC bjut).

Cognate with standard Japanese (butsu).

Pronunciation

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Proper noun

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(ぶち) (Buchi

  1. Buddha
Derived terms
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