Wiktionary

革命

Chinese

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Wikipedia has articles on:
leather; remove life; fate
simp. and trad.
(革命) 		革 命
Literally: “to change destiny”.

Etymology

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to have a dynasty change
Attested earliest in the Classic of Changes and the Lost Book of Zhou.
"to revolt" → "to revolutionize", "revolution", "revolutionary (adj.)"
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Wasei kango?”)

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 革 命
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28) 明 (4)
Final (韻) 麥 (119) 庚 (111)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) II III
Fanqie 古核切 眉病切
Baxter keak mjaengH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kˠɛk̚/ /mˠiæŋH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kᵚæk̚/ /mᵚiaŋH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kɐk̚/ /miaŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kəɨjk̚/ /miajŋH/
Li
Rong 		/kɛk̚/ /miɐŋH/
Wang
Li 		/kæk̚/ /mĭɐŋH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/kæk̚/ /mi̯ɐŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		ge mìng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gak1 ming6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 革 革 命
Reading # 1/2 2/2 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		gé gé mìng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kɛk › ‹ kɛk › ‹ mjængH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*kˁrək/ /*kˁrək/ /*m-riŋ-s/ (dialect: *m-r- > *mr-, *-iŋ> *-eŋ)
English hide, skin change (v.) command (n.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 革 命
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 3835 8275
Phonetic
component 		革 令
Rime
group 		職 耕
Rime
subdivision 		0 0
Corresponding
MC rime 		隔 命
Old
Chinese 		/*krɯːɡ/ /*mreŋs/
Notes 令轉註字

Verb

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革命

  1. to revolt; to start a revolution
  2. (figurative) to revolutionize; to transform completely
  3. (literary) to change the Mandate of Heaven in accordance with the latter's will (i.e. to have a dynastic change)

Noun

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革命

  1. revolution (political upheaval or sudden change in a situation or discipline)
    以革命的名義／以革命的名义  ―  yǐ gémìng de míngyì  ―  in the name of revolution

Adjective

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革命

  1. (attributive) revolutionary
    革命軍／革命军  ―  gémìng jūn  ―  revolutionary army
    昂揚的革命精神／昂扬的革命精神  ―  ángyáng de gémìng jīngshén  ―  elated revolutionary spirit

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (革命):

References

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  1. ^ Zhu Xi (2020) [12th century CE] Joseph A. Adler, transl., The Original Meaning of the Yijing: Commentary on the Scripture of Change, New York: Columbia University Press, translation of 周易本義 (in Chinese), page 214

Japanese

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Kanji in this term
革 命
かく
Grade: 6 		めい
Grade: 3
kan'on
 革命 on Japanese Wikipedia

Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 革命 (MC keak mjaengH, “to switch to a new dynasty/regime”). This word has been used for a long time in Japan, starting from the introduction of I Ching (易經). Fukuzawa Yukichi (福󠄁澤 諭󠄀吉), in Western Affairs (『西洋事情』, 1866-70), used this word as a translation of the English word "revolution", and it was later popularised by Nakae Chōmin (中江 兆民) and others.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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革(かく)命(めい) • (kakumei) 

  1. a revolution; a coup d'état
    Synonym: レボリューション (reboryūshon)
    • 2002 July 18, “逃(に)げまどう民(たみ) [People Running About]”, in ユニオンの降臨 [Advent of the Union], Konami:
      いつも苦(くる)しみに耐(た)えているが、いつか必(かなら)ず革(かく)命(めい)を起(お)こすと心(こころ)に誓(ちか)っている。
      Itsumo kurushimi ni taeteiru ga, itsuka kanarazu kakumei o okosu to kokoro ni chikatteiru.
      Although they always suffer in silence, they swear an oath to inevitably revolt.
    • 2002 July 18, “団(だん)結(けつ)するレジスタンス [United Resistance]”, in ユニオンの降臨 [Advent of the Union], Konami:
      強(きょう)大(だい)な力(ちから)に立(た)ち向(む)かう誓(ちか)いを交(か)わすために集(しゅう)結(けつ)した人(ひと)々(びと)。革(かく)命(めい)の日(ひ)は近(ちか)い。
      Kyōdai na chikara ni tachimukau chikai o kawasu tame ni shūketsu shita hitobito. Kakumei no hi wa chikai.
      People are gathering to swear an oath to revolt against their oppressors. The revolution is drawing nigh.
  2. one of the sankaku in traditional cosmology; a year often accompanied by change

Derived terms

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Derived terms

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  3. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  • 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

Korean

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Hanja in this term
革命

Noun

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革命 • (hyeongmyeong) (hangeul 혁명)

  1. hanja form? of 혁명 (“revolution”)

Vietnamese

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chữ Hán Nôm in this term
革命

Noun

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革命

  1. chữ Hán form of cách mệnh (“revolution”).
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