Wiktionary

-as

See also: Appendix:Variations of "as"

Albanian

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Etymology

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Variant of -at, seen in toponyms such as Qesarat, Kastrat, Dukat, Progonat, Bushat.[1] The [-t] and [-s] are both from similar Proto-Albanian *tāi and Proto-Albanian *tjā. An Illyrian derivation.[2]

Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-as m (-as m)

  1. used to form toponyms. -ian

References

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  1. ^ Dhrimo, Ali. Për Shqipen dhe shqiptarët. 2008
  2. ^ Kulla, Ariola (2010) The Albanian Linguistic Journey from Ancient Illyricum to EU: Lexical Borrowings‎[1], Linköping University, Department of Culture and Communication, page 21

Cornish

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Etymology

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Perhaps from Proto-Celtic *-os.

Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-as m (plural -asow)

  1. Forms masculine nouns denoting capacity; -ful
    ‎hanaf (“cup”) + ‎-as → ‎hanafas (“cupful”)
    ‎dorn (“fist, hand”) + ‎-as → ‎dornas (“fistful, handful”)
  2. Forms masculine nouns denoting the result of an action
    ‎gwia (“to weave”) + ‎-as → ‎gwias (“web”)
    ‎boks (“box; blow”) + ‎-as → ‎boksas (“flurry of blows, fisticuffs”)
    ‎mynn- (“root of mynnes, to want”) + ‎-as → ‎mynnas (“wish, purpose, intent”)

Derived terms

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Cornish terms suffixed with -as

References

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  • 2020, An Gerlyver Meur, ed. Dr Ken George (3rd edition, pp. 77, 99)

Esperanto

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Etymology

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The Esperanto suffixes -as, -is, -os, -us are related, and appear to have been inspired by previous language projects:

This play of vowels is not an original idea of Zamenhof's: -as, -is, -os are found for the three tenses of the infinitive in Faiguet's system of 1765; -a, -i, -o without a consonant are used like Z's -as, -is, -os by Rudelle (1858); Courtonne in 1885 had -am, -im, -om in the same values, and the similarity with Esperanto is here even more perfect than in the other projects, as -um corresponds to Z's -us. —An International Language (1928)

The vowel of -as is likely cognate with the Latin present, as in amat (“s/he loves”), and the corresponding present infinitive amāre, permitting the natural (for a European) -ant ending. i could come from past tense in Latin ami, amisti.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [as]
  • Audio:(file)
  • Hyphenation: as

Suffix

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-as

  1. ending of the present tense in verbs.

Finnish

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Etymology

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From Proto-Finnic *-as, a variant of *-s (adjective-forming suffix), from Proto-Finno-Ugric *-s.

Suffix

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-as (front vowel harmony variant -äs, linguistic notation -As)

  1. Forms some adjectives.
  2. Forms some nouns.

Declension

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Inflection of -as (Kotus type 41/vieras, no gradation)
nominative -as -aat
genitive -aan -aiden
-aitten
partitive -asta -aita
illative -aaseen -aisiin
singular plural
nominative -as -aat
accusative nom. -as -aat
gen. -aan
genitive -aan -aiden
-aitten
-asten rare
partitive -asta -aita
inessive -aassa -aissa
elative -aasta -aista
illative -aaseen -aisiin
-aihin rare
adessive -aalla -ailla
ablative -aalta -ailta
allative -aalle -aille
essive -aana -aina
translative -aaksi -aiksi
abessive -aatta -aitta
instructive — -ain
comitative See the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms of -as (Kotus type 41/vieras, no gradation)
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative -aani -aani
accusative nom. -aani -aani
gen. -aani
genitive -aani -aideni
-aitteni
-asteni rare
partitive -astani -aitani
inessive -aassani -aissani
elative -aastani -aistani
illative -aaseeni -aisiini
-aihini rare
adessive -aallani -aillani
ablative -aaltani -ailtani
allative -aalleni -ailleni
essive -aanani -ainani
translative -aakseni -aikseni
abessive -aattani -aittani
instructive — —
comitative — -aineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative -aasi -aasi
accusative nom. -aasi -aasi
gen. -aasi
genitive -aasi -aidesi
-aittesi
-astesi rare
partitive -astasi -aitasi
inessive -aassasi -aissasi
elative -aastasi -aistasi
illative -aaseesi -aisiisi
-aihisi rare
adessive -aallasi -aillasi
ablative -aaltasi -ailtasi
allative -aallesi -aillesi
essive -aanasi -ainasi
translative -aaksesi -aiksesi
abessive -aattasi -aittasi
instructive — —
comitative — -ainesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative -aamme -aamme
accusative nom. -aamme -aamme
gen. -aamme
genitive -aamme -aidemme
-aittemme
-astemme rare
partitive -astamme -aitamme
inessive -aassamme -aissamme
elative -aastamme -aistamme
illative -aaseemme -aisiimme
-aihimme rare
adessive -aallamme -aillamme
ablative -aaltamme -ailtamme
allative -aallemme -aillemme
essive -aanamme -ainamme
translative -aaksemme -aiksemme
abessive -aattamme -aittamme
instructive — —
comitative — -ainemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative -aanne -aanne
accusative nom. -aanne -aanne
gen. -aanne
genitive -aanne -aidenne
-aittenne
-astenne rare
partitive -astanne -aitanne
inessive -aassanne -aissanne
elative -aastanne -aistanne
illative -aaseenne -aisiinne
-aihinne rare
adessive -aallanne -aillanne
ablative -aaltanne -ailtanne
allative -aallenne -aillenne
essive -aananne -ainanne
translative -aaksenne -aiksenne
abessive -aattanne -aittanne
instructive — —
comitative — -ainenne
third-person possessor
singular plural
nominative -aansa -aansa
accusative nom. -aansa -aansa
gen. -aansa
genitive -aansa -aidensa
-aittensa
-astensa rare
partitive -astaan
-astansa 		-aitaan
-aitansa
inessive -aassaan
-aassansa 		-aissaan
-aissansa
elative -aastaan
-aastansa 		-aistaan
-aistansa
illative -aaseensa -aisiinsa
-aihinsa rare
adessive -aallaan
-aallansa 		-aillaan
-aillansa
ablative -aaltaan
-aaltansa 		-ailtaan
-ailtansa
allative -aalleen
-aallensa 		-ailleen
-aillensa
essive -aanaan
-aanansa 		-ainaan
-ainansa
translative -aakseen
-aaksensa 		-aikseen
-aiksensa
abessive -aattaan
-aattansa 		-aittaan
-aittansa
instructive — —
comitative — -aineen
-ainensa

Note that gradation may apply.

Derived terms

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Finnish terms suffixed with -as

Anagrams

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Hungarian

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Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-as

  2. (adjective-forming suffix) Added to a noun to form an adjective meaning "having something, a quality"; sometimes referred to as ornative.
    ‎haj (“hair”) + ‎-as → ‎hajas (“covered with hair”)
  4. (noun-forming suffix) Added to a noun to form an occupation or a collective noun.
    ‎fazék (“pot”) + ‎-as → ‎fazekas (“potter”)
  6. (number-forming suffix) Added to an ordinal number to form a digit or figure, cf. the relevant template.
    ‎három (“three”) + ‎-as → ‎hármas (“the digit or figure 3”)

Usage notes

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  • (all senses) Variants:
    -s is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.
    -os is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant
    -as is added to other back-vowel words ending in a consonant
    -es is added to unrounded (and some rounded) front-vowel words ending in a consonant
    -ös is added to most rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant

Derived terms

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Hungarian adjectives suffixed with -as
Hungarian nouns suffixed with -as

See also

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Ido

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Esperanto -as, Latin -ās, French -es, Spanish -as.

Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-as

  1. desinence of the present tense in verbs

See also

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Irish

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Alternative forms

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  • -eas (after palatal consonants)

Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Old Irish -as, from Proto-Celtic *-assus, from Proto-Indo-European *-ad-tus.

Suffix

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-as m

  1. Nominal suffix, used to form abstract ideas or nouns
    Synonym: -achas
Declension
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Declension of -as (first declension)
bare forms
case singular plural
nominative -as -ais
vocative a -ais a -asa
genitive -ais -as
dative -as -ais
forms with the definite article
case singular plural
nominative an -as na -ais
genitive an -ais na -as
dative leis an -as
don -as 		leis na -ais
Derived terms
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Irish terms suffixed with -as

Etymology 2

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Suffix

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-as

  1. Relative ending of first conjugation verbs in the present tense
  2. Synthetic first person singular ending of first conjugation verbs in the past tense

Latin

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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By syncope, from the earlier form -ātis.

Suffix

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-ās

  1. Used to form gentilic adjectives with the meaning "of/from" a country or place.
Usage notes
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In an exception to the usual Latin stress rule, Latin words ending in this suffix were generally stressed on the final syllable of their nominative singular forms in -ās because of the aforementioned syncope.

Declension
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Third-declension one-termination adjective.

singular plural
masc./fem. neuter masc./fem. neuter
nominative -ās -ātēs -ātia
genitive -ātis -ātium
-ātum
dative -ātī -ātibus
accusative -ātem -ās -ātēs -ātia
ablative -āte
-ātī 		-ātibus
vocative -ās -ātēs -ātia
Derived terms
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Latin terms suffixed with -as

Etymology 2

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A declined form of -us (suffix forming adjectives).

Suffix

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-ās

  1. accusative feminine plural of -us

Etymology 3

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From Proto-Italic *-ās, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yési.

Suffix

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-ās

  1. second-person singular present active indicative of -ō (first conjugation)
Descendants
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  • Catalan: -es
  • French: -es
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: -as
  • Spanish: -as

Etymology 4

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A declined form of -a (suffix forming masculine agent nouns).

Suffix

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-ās m

  1. accusative plural of -a
Descendants
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Lithuanian

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Suffix

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-as m

  1. nominal suffix (ending) of the first declension of the nouns.
  2. nominal suffix (ending) which indicates a demonym.
    ‎Rusija (“Russia”) + ‎-as → ‎rusas (“Russian (person)”)

Derived terms

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Lithuanian terms suffixed with -as

Middle English

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Etymology 1

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Suffix

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-as

  1. Alternative form of -yssh
References
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Etymology 2

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Suffix

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-as

  1. Alternative form of -esse
References
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Northern Sami

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Etymology

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From Proto-Samic *-ës. Cognate of Finnish -e, Estonian -e.

Pronunciation

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  • (Kautokeino) IPA(key): /ˈ-as/

Suffix

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-as

  1. Forms nouns from verbs, indicating something used for performing the verb.
    ‎vuoidat (“to smear”) + ‎-as → ‎vuoiddas (“ointment”)

Usage notes

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  • This suffix triggers the weak grade on a preceding stressed syllable in the nominative singular and essive, and the strong grade in the other forms.

Inflection

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Odd, no gradation
Nominative -as
Genitive -asa
Singular Plural
Nominative -as -asat
Accusative -asa -asiid
Genitive -asa -asiid
Illative -asii -asiidda
Locative -asis -asiin
Comitative -asiin -asiiguin
Essive -asin
Possessive forms
Singular Dual Plural
1st person -asan -aseamẹ -aseamẹt
2nd person -asat -aseattẹ -aseattẹt
3rd person -asis -aseaskkạ -aseasẹt

Derived terms

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Northern Sami terms suffixed with -as

Old English

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Etymology

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Perhaps from the Proto-Germanic accusative plural ending *-anz, with regularly lost -n- before a fricative, or perhaps from the nominative plural *-ōs, a voiceless variety of the regular ending *-ōz, or a merger of both. Akin to Saterland Frisian -s, West Frisian -s, Old Saxon -os (Low German -s), Dutch -s, Swedish -ar.

Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-as

  1. Plural ending of nominative and accusative cases, originally of a-stem masculine nouns, later extended to other nouns.
    ‎hund (“dog”) + ‎-as → ‎hundas (“dogs”)
    ‎wulf (“wolf”) + ‎-as → ‎wulfas (“wolves”)

Descendants

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Old Galician-Portuguese

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Etymology

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Inherited from Latin -ās.

Suffix

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-as

  1. a suffix indicating the second-person singular present indicative of a verb in -ar
    ‎amar (“to love”) + ‎-as → ‎amas (“[you] love”)
    ‎cantar (“to sing”) + ‎-as → ‎cantas (“[you] sing”)

Descendants

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Old Irish

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Alternative forms

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  • -es (after palatal consonants)
  • -us

Etymology

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From Proto-Celtic *-assus, from Proto-Indo-European *-ad-tus.

Suffix

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-as m

  1. Nominal suffix, used to form abstract ideas or nouns
    ‎óclach (“young man”) + ‎-as → ‎óclachas (“youth”)
    ‎muinter (“family”) + ‎-as → ‎muinteras (“familiarity”)

Derived terms

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Old Irish terms suffixed with -as

Descendants

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References

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Polish

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-as m pers

  1. masculine noun suffix

Declension

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Declension of -as
singular plural
nominative -as -asy / -asowie
genitive -asa -asów
dative -asowi -asom
accusative -asa -asów
instrumental -asem -asami
locative -asie -asach
vocative -asie -asy / -asowie

Derived terms

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Polish terms suffixed with -as

Portuguese

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Etymology 1

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Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese -as, from Latin -ās. Compare Galician and Spanish -as.

Suffix

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-as

  1. a suffix indicating the second-person singular present indicative of -ar
    ‎amar (“to love”) + ‎-as → ‎amas (“[you] love”)
    ‎cantar (“to sing”) + ‎-as → ‎cantas (“[you] sing”)
See also
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Etymology 2

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Suffix

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-as

  1. a suffix indicating the second-person singular present subjunctive of -er
    ‎correr (“to run”) + ‎-as → ‎corras (“that you run”)
  2. a suffix indicating the second-person singular present subjunctive of -ir
See also
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Spanish

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Etymology 1

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From Latin -ās, the second-person singular present active indicative ending of first conjugation verbs.

Suffix

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-as

  1. suffix indicating the second-person singular present indicative of -ar.

Etymology 2

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From Latin -eās, Latin -ās, and Latin -iās, the second-person singular present active subjunctive endings of second, third, and fourth conjugation verbs, respectively.

Suffix

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-as

  1. suffix indicating the second-person singular present subjunctive of -er verbs and -ir verbs
See also
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Swedish

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Suffix

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-as

  1. Alternative form of -s (“adverbial suffix”)

Derived terms

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References

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Anagrams

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Welsh

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Suffix

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-as f

  1. Forms abstract nouns.
    ‎teyrn (“monarch, king”) + ‎-as → ‎teyrnas (“kingdom”)
    ‎bardd (“poet”) + ‎-as → ‎barddas (“poetry”)
    ‎urdd (“order, guild”) + ‎-as → ‎urddas (“honour, dignity”)

Etymology 2

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Cognate with Cornish -as.

Suffix

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-as

  1. (South Wales) (colloquial) verb suffix for the third-person singular preterite
    Synonyms: -odd, -ws
Derived terms
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Welsh terms suffixed with -as

References

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R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “-as”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

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