Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/alyos

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Alternative forms

• *alnos

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂élyos.

Adjective

Proto-Celtic ordinal numbers

<  1st	2nd	3rd  >
Cardinal : *duwo     Ordinal : *alyos

*alyos

1. other, second

Inflection

O/ā-stem
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*alyos	*alyou	*alyoi
vocative	*alye	*alyou	*alyoi
accusative	*alyom	*alyou	*alyoms
genitive	*alyī	*alyous	*alyom
dative	*alyūi	*alyobom	*alyobos
instrumental	*alyū	*alyobim	*alyobis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*alyā	*alyai	*alyās
vocative	*alyā	*alyai	*alyās
accusative	*alyam	*alyai	*alyams
genitive	*alyās	*alyous	*alyom
dative	*alyai	*alyābom	*alyābos
instrumental	*?	*alyābim	*alyābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*alyom	*alyou	*alyā
vocative	*alyom	*alyou	*alyā
accusative	*alyom	*alyou	*alyā
genitive	*alyī	*alyous	*alyom
dative	*alyūi	*alyobom	*alyobos
instrumental	*alyū	*alyobim	*alyobis

Derived terms

• *alalyos, *aralyos
  • Old Irish: alaile, araile
    • Irish: araile
  • Proto-Brythonic: *arall
    • Breton: arall
    • Cornish: aral
    • Middle Welsh: arall
      • Welsh: arall

Descendants

• Proto-Brythonic: *ėl
  • Middle Breton: eil
  • Cornish: eyl
  • Middle Welsh: eil
    • Welsh: ail
• Old Irish: aile
  • Middle Irish: aile, oile, eile
    • Irish: eile
    • Manx: elley
    • Scottish Gaelic: eile
• Gaulish: allos, alos
• Lepontic: 𐌀𐌋𐌉𐌏𐌔 (alios)

References

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “ail”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies