Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/blauþuz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *mlew-. Related to Proto-Germanic *blewwaną (“to beat (up), blow”), Ancient Greek ἀμβλύς (amblús, “blunt; dim, faint”), Avestan 𐬨𐬭𐬎𐬙𐬀 (mruta, “crushed (?), weak”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈblɑu̯.θuz/

Adjective

*blauþuz

1. weak, feeble, emaciated
2. lacking, void, naked
3. soft, faint-hearted, gentle

Inflection

Declension of *blauþuz (u-stem)

strong declension
	masculine		feminine		neuter
	singular	plural	singular	plural	singular	plural
nominative	*blauþuz	*blauþijai	*blauþī	*blauþijôz	*blauþų, *-jatō	*blauþijō
accusative	*blauþijanǭ	*blauþijanz	*blauþijǭ	*blauþijōz	*blauþų, *-jatō	*blauþijō
genitive	*blauþijas, *blauþīs	*blauþijaizǫ̂	*blauþijaizōz	*blauþijaizǫ̂	*blauþijas, *blauþīs	*blauþijaizǫ̂
dative	*blauþijammai	*blauþijaimaz	*blauþijaizōi	*blauþijaimaz	*blauþijammai	*blauþijaimaz
instrumental	*blauþijanō	*blauþijaimiz	*blauþijaizō	*blauþijaimiz	*blauþijanō	*blauþijaimiz
weak declension
	masculine		feminine		neuter
	singular	plural	singular	plural	singular	plural
nominative	*blauþijô	*blauþijaniz	*blauþijǭ	*blauþijōniz	*blauþijô	*blauþijōnō
accusative	*blauþijanų	*blauþijanunz	*blauþijōnų	*blauþijōnunz	*blauþijô	*blauþijōnō
genitive	*blauþīniz	*blauþijanǫ̂	*blauþijōniz	*blauþijōnǫ̂	*blauþīniz	*blauþijanǫ̂
dative	*blauþīni	*blauþijammaz	*blauþijōni	*blauþijōmaz	*blauþīni	*blauþijammaz
instrumental	*blauþīnē	*blauþijammiz	*blauþijōnē	*blauþijōmiz	*blauþīnē	*blauþijammiz

Derived terms

• *blauþijaną
• *blauþį̄

Descendants

• Old English: blēaþ
  • Middle English: bleath, bleth, blethe
    • Scots: blait, blate
      • → English: blate, bloat
• Old Frisian: *blāth
  • Saterland Frisian: blood
  • West Frisian: blea
• Old Saxon: *blōth, blōthi
  • Middle Low German: blōde, blöde
    • German Low German: blood, blööd, bleud
• Frankish: *blauthi, *blōdi
  • Old Dutch: *blōdi
    • Middle Dutch: blōde, bloot
      • Dutch: blood, bloo, bleu
• Old High German: plōdi, blōdi
  • Middle High German: blöde
    • Bavarian: bled
    • German: blöde, blöd
    • Luxembourgish: bléid
• Old Norse: blauðr
  • Icelandic: blauður
  • Old Swedish: blø̄dher
    • Swedish: blöd
  • Danish: blød