Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skamāną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *skamō (“shame”) +‎ *-āną.

Verb

*skamāną

1. to be ashamed

Inflection

Conjugation of *skamāną (weak class 3)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*skamō	?	—	?	?
2nd singular	*skamaisi	?	*skamai	*skamāsai	?
3rd singular	*skamaiþi	?	*skamāþau	*skamāþai	?
1st dual	*skamōs	?	—	—	—
2nd dual	*skamāþiz	?	*skamāþiz	—	—
1st plural	*skamāmaz	?	—	*skamānþai	?
2nd plural	*skamaiþ	?	*skamaiþ	*skamānþai	?
3rd plural	*skamānþi	?	*skamānþau	*skamānþai	?
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*skamadǭ	*skamadēdį̄
2nd singular	*skamadēz	*skamadēdīz
3rd singular	*skamadē	*skamadēdī
1st dual	*skamadēdū	*skamadēdīw
2nd dual	*skamadēdudiz	*skamadēdīdiz
1st plural	*skamadēdum	*skamadēdīm
2nd plural	*skamadēdud	*skamadēdīd
3rd plural	*skamadēdun	*skamadēdīn
	present	past
participles	*skamāndz	*skamadaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *skamēn
  • Old English: sċamian
    • Middle English: schamen
      • English: shame
  • Old Frisian: skamia
  • Old Dutch: scamon
    • Middle Dutch: schāmen
      • Dutch: schamen
        • Afrikaans: skaam
  • Old High German: scamēn, scamōn
    • German: schämen
    • Bavarian: schaman
• Old Norse: skamma
  • Danish: skamme
  • Icelandic: skamma
  • Norwegian Bokmål: skamme
• Gothic: 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌽 (skaman)