Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stakô

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Of uncertain origin, with multiple candidate roots.

Probably from Proto-Indo-European *stogʰ-on-, from a root *stegʰ- (“bar, pillar, rod”), and cognate with Ancient Greek στόχος (stókhos, “brick pillar”), Lithuanian stãgaras (“dry stalk, switch”). Kroonen, in addition to the above, also suggests an alternate derivation as a nominal formation from *stikaną (“to stick”).

Older theories derived the word from a Proto-Indo-European *steg- (“pole, stick, beam”). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈstɑ.kɔːː/

Noun

*stakô m

1. stake

   Synonyms: *furkaz, *stauraz

Inflection

masculine an-stemDeclension of *stakô (masculine an-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*stakô	*stakaniz
vocative	*stakô	*stakaniz
accusative	*stakanų	*stakanunz
genitive	*stakiniz	*stakanǫ̂
dative	*stakini	*stakammaz
instrumental	*stakinē	*stakammiz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *stakō
  • Old English: staca
    • Middle English: stake
      • English: stake
      • Scots: stak, staik
  • Old Frisian: stace, stake
    • Saterland Frisian: Stak
    • West Frisian: staak, staach
  • Old Saxon: *stako
    • Middle Low German: stake
      • German Low German: Stake, Staak
      • Low German: stake
      • → German: Staken
  • Old Dutch: *stako
    • Middle Dutch: stake
      • Dutch: staak
  • → Old French: estaie
    • → Spanish: estay
  • Old High German: stahho
    • Middle High German: stache
      • Cimbrian: stèkho
• Old Norse: staki, stjaki
  • Icelandic: staki
  • Faroese: staki
  • Norwegian: stake
  • Old Swedish: staki
    • Swedish: stake
  • Old Danish: staghe
    • Danish: stage
• Gothic: *𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌺𐌰 (*staka)
  • → Medieval Latin: staca (see there for further descendants)