Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵn̥h₁tós
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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
editEtymology
editFrom *ǵenh₁- (“to beget, to give birth”) + *-tós (deverbal adjectival suffix).
Adjective
edit*ǵn̥h₁tós (non-ablauting)[1]
Inflection
edit| Thematic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | ||
| nominative | *ǵn̥h₁tós | *ǵn̥h₁téh₂ | |
| genitive | *ǵn̥h₁tósyo | *ǵn̥h₁téh₂s | |
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *ǵn̥h₁tós | *ǵn̥h₁tóh₁ | *ǵn̥h₁tóes |
| vocative | *ǵn̥h₁té | *ǵn̥h₁tóh₁ | *ǵn̥h₁tóes |
| accusative | *ǵn̥h₁tóm | *ǵn̥h₁tóh₁ | *ǵn̥h₁tóms |
| genitive | *ǵn̥h₁tósyo | *? | *ǵn̥h₁tóHom |
| ablative | *ǵn̥h₁téad | *? | *ǵn̥h₁tómos, *ǵn̥h₁tóbʰos |
| dative | *ǵn̥h₁tóey | *? | *ǵn̥h₁tómos, *ǵn̥h₁tóbʰos |
| locative | *ǵn̥h₁téy, *ǵn̥h₁tóy | *? | *ǵn̥h₁tóysu |
| instrumental | *ǵn̥h₁tóh₁ | *? | *ǵn̥h₁tṓys |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *ǵn̥h₁téh₂ | *ǵn̥h₁téh₂h₁(e) | *ǵn̥h₁téh₂es |
| vocative | *ǵn̥h₁téh₂ | *ǵn̥h₁téh₂h₁(e) | *ǵn̥h₁téh₂es |
| accusative | *ǵn̥h₁tā́m | *ǵn̥h₁téh₂h₁(e) | *ǵn̥h₁téh₂m̥s |
| genitive | *ǵn̥h₁téh₂s | *? | *ǵn̥h₁téh₂oHom |
| ablative | *ǵn̥h₁téh₂s | *? | *ǵn̥h₁téh₂mos, *ǵn̥h₁téh₂bʰos |
| dative | *ǵn̥h₁téh₂ey | *? | *ǵn̥h₁téh₂mos, *ǵn̥h₁téh₂bʰos |
| locative | *ǵn̥h₁téh₂, *ǵn̥h₁téh₂i | *? | *ǵn̥h₁téh₂su |
| instrumental | *ǵn̥h₁téh₂h₁ | *? | *ǵn̥h₁téh₂mis, *ǵn̥h₁téh₂bʰis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *ǵn̥h₁tóm | *ǵn̥h₁tóy(h₁) | *ǵn̥h₁téh₂ |
| vocative | *ǵn̥h₁tóm | *ǵn̥h₁tóy(h₁) | *ǵn̥h₁téh₂ |
| accusative | *ǵn̥h₁tóm | *ǵn̥h₁tóy(h₁) | *ǵn̥h₁téh₂ |
| genitive | *ǵn̥h₁tósyo | *? | *ǵn̥h₁tóHom |
| ablative | *ǵn̥h₁téad | *? | *ǵn̥h₁tómos, *ǵn̥h₁tóbʰos |
| dative | *ǵn̥h₁tóey | *? | *ǵn̥h₁tómos, *ǵn̥h₁tóbʰos |
| locative | *ǵn̥h₁téy, *ǵn̥h₁tóy | *? | *ǵn̥h₁tóysu |
| instrumental | *ǵn̥h₁tóh₁ | *? | *ǵn̥h₁tṓys |
Descendants
edit- Proto-Germanic: *kundaz (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́aHtás (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *gnētós
- Ancient Greek: -γνητός (-gnētós)
- Proto-Italic: *gnātos
References
edit- ^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN