Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-éyeti
See also: Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-éh₁yeti and Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-eh₂yéti
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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
editEtymology
editFrom *-yeti.
Suffix
edit*(o)-éyeti
- Forms causative imperfective verbs from roots.
- Forms iterative or frequentative imperfective verbs from roots.
Inflection
edit| Imperfective, thematic | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3rd singular | *(o)-éyeti | ||||
| 3rd plural | *(o)-éyonti | ||||
| Active voice | Present indicative | Past indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *(o)-éyoh₂ | *(o)-éyom | — | *(o)-éyōh₂ | *(o)-éyoyh₁m̥ |
| 2nd singular | *(o)-éyesi | *(o)-éyes | *(o)-éye | *(o)-éyēsi | *(o)-éyoys |
| 3rd singular | *(o)-éyeti | *(o)-éyet | *(o)-éyetu | *(o)-éyēti | *(o)-éyoyt |
| 1st dual | *(o)-éyowos | *(o)-éyowe | — | *(o)-éyōwos | *(o)-éyoywe |
| 2nd dual | *(o)-éyetes | *(o)-éyetom | *(o)-éyetom | *(o)-éyētes | *(o)-éyoytom |
| 3rd dual | *(o)-éyetes | *(o)-éyetām | *(o)-éyetām | *(o)-éyētes | *(o)-éyoytām |
| 1st plural | *(o)-éyomos | *(o)-éyome | — | *(o)-éyōmos | *(o)-éyoyme |
| 2nd plural | *(o)-éyete | *(o)-éyete | *(o)-éyete | *(o)-éyēte | *(o)-éyoyte |
| 3rd plural | *(o)-éyonti | *(o)-éyont | *(o)-éyontu | *(o)-éyōnti | *(o)-éyoyh₁n̥t |
| Participle | *(o)-éyonts | ||||
| Middle voice | Present indicative | Past indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *(o)-éyoh₂er | *(o)-éyoh₂e | — | *(o)-éyōh₂er | *(o)-éyoyh₂e |
| 2nd singular | *(o)-éyeth₂er | *(o)-éyeth₂e | *(o)-éyeso | *(o)-éyēth₂er | *(o)-éyoyth₂e |
| 3rd singular | *(o)-éyetor | *(o)-éyeto | *? | *(o)-éyētor | *(o)-éyoyto, *(o)-éyoyh₁o |
| 1st dual | *(o)-éyowosdʰh₂ | *(o)-éyowedʰh₂ | — | *(o)-éyōwosdʰh₂ | *(o)-éyoywedʰh₂ |
| 2nd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? |
| 3rd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? |
| 1st plural | *(o)-éyomosdʰh₂ | *(o)-éyomedʰh₂ | — | *(o)-éyōmosdʰh₂ | *(o)-éyoymedʰh₂ |
| 2nd plural | *(o)-éyedʰh₂we | *(o)-éyedʰh₂we | *(o)-éyedʰh₂we | *(o)-éyēdʰh₂we | *(o)-éyoydʰh₂we |
| 3rd plural | *(o)-éyontor | *(o)-éyonto | *? | *(o)-éyōntor | *(o)-éyoyro |
| Participle | *(o)-éyomnos | ||||
Derived terms
editDescendants
edit- Proto-Armenian:
- Old Armenian: -եմ (-em) (partially)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *-eitei
- Proto-Celtic: *-īti
- Proto-Germanic: *-(i)janą (class 1 weak verbs) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *-éyō
- Ancient Greek: -έω (-éō) (partially)
- Proto-Italic: *-eō
- Latin: -eō (Second conjugation (causative) verbs)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *-áyati
- Proto-Albanian: *-tjā
- Albanian: -së
References
edit- Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 504
- Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 28
- Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 22-23: “(4a) Kausativ-Iterativ mit Suffix -éi̯e/o-”
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2011) Comparative Indo-European Linguistics: An Introduction, 2nd edition, revised and corrected by Michiel de Vaan, Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, page 256: “causatives with *-o- in the root”
Suffix
edit*(Ø)-éyeti
- Forms imperfective verbs from roots.
Inflection
edit| Imperfective, thematic | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3rd singular | *(Ø)-éyeti | ||||
| 3rd plural | *(Ø)-éyonti | ||||
| Active voice | Present indicative | Past indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *(Ø)-éyoh₂ | *(Ø)-éyom | — | *(Ø)-éyōh₂ | *(Ø)-éyoyh₁m̥ |
| 2nd singular | *(Ø)-éyesi | *(Ø)-éyes | *(Ø)-éye | *(Ø)-éyēsi | *(Ø)-éyoys |
| 3rd singular | *(Ø)-éyeti | *(Ø)-éyet | *(Ø)-éyetu | *(Ø)-éyēti | *(Ø)-éyoyt |
| 1st dual | *(Ø)-éyowos | *(Ø)-éyowe | — | *(Ø)-éyōwos | *(Ø)-éyoywe |
| 2nd dual | *(Ø)-éyetes | *(Ø)-éyetom | *(Ø)-éyetom | *(Ø)-éyētes | *(Ø)-éyoytom |
| 3rd dual | *(Ø)-éyetes | *(Ø)-éyetām | *(Ø)-éyetām | *(Ø)-éyētes | *(Ø)-éyoytām |
| 1st plural | *(Ø)-éyomos | *(Ø)-éyome | — | *(Ø)-éyōmos | *(Ø)-éyoyme |
| 2nd plural | *(Ø)-éyete | *(Ø)-éyete | *(Ø)-éyete | *(Ø)-éyēte | *(Ø)-éyoyte |
| 3rd plural | *(Ø)-éyonti | *(Ø)-éyont | *(Ø)-éyontu | *(Ø)-éyōnti | *(Ø)-éyoyh₁n̥t |
| Participle | *(Ø)-éyonts | ||||
| Middle voice | Present indicative | Past indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *(Ø)-éyoh₂er | *(Ø)-éyoh₂e | — | *(Ø)-éyōh₂er | *(Ø)-éyoyh₂e |
| 2nd singular | *(Ø)-éyeth₂er | *(Ø)-éyeth₂e | *(Ø)-éyeso | *(Ø)-éyēth₂er | *(Ø)-éyoyth₂e |
| 3rd singular | *(Ø)-éyetor | *(Ø)-éyeto | *? | *(Ø)-éyētor | *(Ø)-éyoyto, *(Ø)-éyoyh₁o |
| 1st dual | *(Ø)-éyowosdʰh₂ | *(Ø)-éyowedʰh₂ | — | *(Ø)-éyōwosdʰh₂ | *(Ø)-éyoywedʰh₂ |
| 2nd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? |
| 3rd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? |
| 1st plural | *(Ø)-éyomosdʰh₂ | *(Ø)-éyomedʰh₂ | — | *(Ø)-éyōmosdʰh₂ | *(Ø)-éyoymedʰh₂ |
| 2nd plural | *(Ø)-éyedʰh₂we | *(Ø)-éyedʰh₂we | *(Ø)-éyedʰh₂we | *(Ø)-éyēdʰh₂we | *(Ø)-éyoydʰh₂we |
| 3rd plural | *(Ø)-éyontor | *(Ø)-éyonto | *? | *(Ø)-éyōntor | *(Ø)-éyoyro |
| Participle | *(Ø)-éyomnos | ||||
Descendants
editReferences
edit- Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 19: “(1s) Präsens mit Suffix -éi̯e/o-”
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2011) Comparative Indo-European Linguistics: An Introduction, 2nd edition, revised and corrected by Michiel de Vaan, Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, page 256: “non-causatives with zero grade in the root”