Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ьma

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Compare with Lithuanian -imas.

Suffix

*-ьma f

1. Deverbal, from the root, forming nouns.

   *kъrčiti → *kъrčьma (“tavern”)

   *kùčati (“to bend, to bow”) → *kučьma (“crest”)

   *vě̀děti (“to foresee”) → *vě̀dьma (“witch”)

   *rъvàti (“to tear”) → *rьzьma (“escarp, slope”)

Declension

Declension of *-ьma (hard a-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*-ьma	*-ьmě	*-ьmy
genitive	*-ьmy	*-ьmu	*-ьmъ
dative	*-ьmě	*-ьmama	*-ьmamъ
accusative	*-ьmǫ	*-ьmě	*-ьmy
instrumental	*-ьmojǫ, *-ьmǫ**	*-ьmama	*-ьmami
locative	*-ьmě	*-ьmu	*-ьmasъ, *-ьmaxъ*
vocative	*-ьmo	*-ьmě	*-ьmy

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

See also

• *-ьmo
• *-ьmъ

Derived terms

Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ьma

Further reading

• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1987), “*kъrčьma”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 13 (*kroměžirъ – *kyžiti), Moscow: Nauka, page 211