Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/sěsti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *sḗˀstei, from an earlier *sēˀdtei, from pre-Indo-European *sedti, from Proto-Indo-European *sed- from by (Winter's law).

Baltic cognates include Latvian sēsties, Lithuanian sė́sti, 3sg. sė́da, Old Prussian sindants (“sitting”). (apparently reformed as a nasal-infix present)

Indo-European cognates include Proto-Italic *sedēō, Proto-Germanic *sitjaną, Proto-Indo-Iranian *síždati, Ancient Greek ἕζομαι (hézomai, “to sit down”),

Verb

*sěsti pf

1. to sit down

Inflection

Conjugation of *sěsti, *sěde, *sędetь (perf., intr., -C/n-, _/ox-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*sědenьje	*sěsti	*sěstъ	*sědlъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	—	—
Active	*sědъ	—

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*sěd(ox)ъ	*sěde	*sěde	*sędǫ	*sędeši	*sędetь
Dual	*sěd(ox)ově	*sěd(e/os)ta	*sěd(e/os)te	*sędevě	*sędeta	*sędete
Plural	*sěd(ox)omъ	*sěd(e/os)te	*sědǫ, *sědošę	*sędemъ	*sędete	*sędǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	—	—	—	—	*sędi	*sędi
Dual	—	—	—	*sęděvě	*sęděta	—
Plural	—	—	—	*sęděmъ	*sęděte	—

Notes:
• In perfective verbs, present expresses future

Related terms

• *sědě̀ti (“to sit”)
• *sadìti (“to plant”)
• *sě̄dlò (“seat”)
• *sȃdъ (“plant, garden”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: сѣсти (sěsti)
    • Belarusian: се́сці (sjésci)
    • Russian: сесть (sestʹ)
    • Ukrainian: сі́сти (sísty)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Cyrillic: сѣсти (sěsti)

    Glagolitic: ⱄⱑⱄⱅⰻ (sěsti)

  • Bulgarian: ся́дам (sjádam)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: се̏сти

    Latin: sȅsti

  • Slovene: sẹ́sti (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: siesti
  • Old Polish: sieść
    • Polish: siąść

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “сесть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress