Wiktionary

bir

See also: BIR, Bir, and bír

Afar

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Temporal adverbs
Previous: ambóyra
Next: a bár

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈbir/ [ˈbɪɾ]
  • Hyphenation: bir

Adverb

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bír

  1. last night

Noun

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bír m 

  1. last night

Declension

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Declension of bír
absolutive bír
predicative bíri
subjective bír
genitive birtí
Postpositioned forms
l-case bíril
k-case bírik
t-case bírit
h-case bírih

References

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  • E. M. Parker, R. J. Hayward (1985) “bir”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN
  • Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2004) Parlons Afar: Langue et Culture, L'Hammartan, →ISBN, page 37
  • Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)‎[2], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)

Albanian

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Etymology

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From Proto-Albanian *bira, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (compare Old English byre, Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂 (baur, “son”)).[1] Phonetically and semantically close to Messapic *bilia (“daughter”) and *biles (“son”), Matzinger reconstructs two different stems: pre-Albanian *bʰi-ro- and pre-Messapic *bʰi-lo-, both from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- (“to grow, become”); compare Ancient Greek φῦλον (phûlon, “race, tribe”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

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Noun

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bir m (plural bij, definite biri, definite plural bijtë)

  1. son

Declension

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Declension of bir
singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative bir biri bij bijtë
accusative birin
dative biri birit bijve bijve
ablative bijsh

References

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  1. ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “bir”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 26

Azerbaijani

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Other scripts
Cyrillic бир
Abjad بیر
Azerbaijani numbers (edit)
10
 ←  0 1 2  →  10  → 
    Cardinal: bir
    Ordinal: birinci

Etymology

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From Old Anatolian Turkish بر (bir), ultimately from Proto-Turkic *bīr.[1]

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [bir]
  • Audio:(file)

Numeral

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bir

  1. one

Derived terms

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References

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  1. ^ Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*bir (*bīr)”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

Bikol Central

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Etymology

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Borrowed from English beer.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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bir

  1. beer
    Synonym: serbesa

Cimbrian

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Etymology

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From Middle High German bier, from Old High German bior, from Proto-West Germanic *beuʀ, from Proto-Germanic *beuzą (“beer”). Cognate with German Bier, English beer. Doublet of bira.

Noun

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bir n

  1. (Luserna) beer

References

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Crimean Tatar

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Etymology

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From Proto-Turkic *bīr (“one”).

Numeral

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Crimean Tatar cardinal numbers
1 2  > 
    Cardinal : bir
    Ordinal : birinci

bir

  1. one

References

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  • Mirjejev, V. A., Usejinov, S. M. (2002) Ukrajinsʹko-krymsʹkotatarsʹkyj slovnyk [Ukrainian – Crimean Tatar Dictionary]‎[3], Simferopol: Dolya, →ISBN

Gagauz

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Gagauz cardinal numbers
1 2  > 
    Cardinal : bir
    Ordinal : birinci

Etymology

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From Proto-Turkic *bīr (“one”).

Article

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bir

  1. the indefinite article, a, an

Numeral

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bir

  1. one

Iban

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Etymology

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Borrowed from English beer.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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bir

  1. beer

Ili Turki

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Ili Turki cardinal numbers
1 2  > 
    Cardinal : bir

Etymology

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From Proto-Turkic *bīr.

Numeral

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bir

  1. one

Indonesian

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Dutch bier.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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bir (first-person possessive birku, second-person possessive birmu, third-person possessive birnya)

  1. beer

Compounds

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Further reading

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Javanese

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Romanization

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bir

  1. Romanization of ꦧꦶꦂ

Jiiddu

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Etymology

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From Proto-Afroasiatic *bir- (“to burn brightly”)

Noun

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bir

  1. lighting

References

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  • Ehret, Christopher (1995), Reconstructing Proto-Afroasiatic, →ISBN, page 86

Karaim

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Karaim cardinal numbers
1 2  > 
    Cardinal : bir
    Ordinal : birińči

Numeral

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bir

  1. one

References

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  1. dnathan.com

Malay

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Dutch bier.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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bir (Jawi spelling بير, informal 1st possessive birku, 2nd possessive birmu, 3rd possessive birnya)

  1. beer
    Synonym: arak

Maltese

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Etymology

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From Arabic بِئْر (biʔr).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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bir m (plural bjar or birien, diminutive bwejra)

  1. well
    • 1970, Anton Buttigieg, “Il-Pjazza”, in Fl-Arena:
      Kulħadd jimxi, kollox lajma,
      jirkeb biss xi sinjur kbir:
      bini l-għatx u tawni nixrob
      minn ġos-satal fuq il-bir.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Middle English

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Old English byre (“strong wind, storm”).

Noun

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bir (plural birs)

  1. A strong or favorable wind.
  2. An armed assault or sally; a clash or encounter; a blow or stroke; an attack or affliction.
    • c. 1540, Destruction of Troy:
      A ᵹonge knight..suet to þe Duke With a bir on þe brest, þat backeward he ᵹode.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
  3. Violence; strength; fury.
    • c. 1400, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight:
      With alle þe bur in his body he ber hit on lofte.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
  4. An onrush, swiftness.
  5. A charge on an account.
    • 1415, Account Rolls of the Abbey of Durham:
      Item in l bir de debito versus Rad'm Forster, 13 d.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Descendants

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  • English: birr

References

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Middle High German

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Inherited from Old High German bira, from Vulgar Latin pira, plural of Latin pirum.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): (before 13th CE) /ˈbir/

Noun

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bir f

  1. pear

Declension

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Declension of bir (feminine, weak)
singular plural
indef. def. noun def. noun
nominative ein diu bir die birn
genitive einer dër birn dër birn
dative einer dër birn dën birn
accusative eine die birn die birn

Descendants

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Old Irish

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Etymology 1

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From Proto-Celtic *beru.

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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bir n (genitive bero or bera, nominative plural beura)[1]

  1. stake, spit, point; spear, spike
    • c. 845, St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 67b11
      beura glosses sudes (“stake”)
Declension
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Neuter u-stem
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative birN, biur birL, biur beuraL, bira
Vocative birN, biur birL, biur beura
Accusative birN, biur birL, biur beura
Genitive beroH, beraH beroN, beraN beraeN
Dative biurL, biur beraib beraib
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization
Derived terms
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Descendants
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Etymology 2

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From Proto-Celtic *beru, *beruro- (“spring, well”), said by Matasović to likely be related to *brutus (“fermentation, boiling heat”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewh₁-.[2]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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bir (gender unknown, genitive unattested, nominative plural beru)[3]

  1. water, spring, well
    • c. 900, Sanas Cormaic, from the Yellow Book of Lecan, Corm. Y 158
      bir .i. uisce ... biror ⁊ inbir ⁊ tobur
      spring i.e. water ... watercress and rivermouth and well

Etymology 3

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See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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·bir

  1. second-person singular present indicative conjunct of beirid

Mutation

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Mutation of bir
radical lenition nasalization
bir bir
pronounced with /β(ʲ)-/ 		mbir

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

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  1. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 bir (‘stake, spit’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  2. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “beruro- ‘watercress’”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 63
  3. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 bir (‘water, spring’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Romanian

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Hungarian bér.

Noun

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bir n (plural biruri)

  1. tribute
  2. tax

Declension

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singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative-accusative bir birul bire birele
genitive-dative bir birului bire birelor
vocative birule birelor

Salar

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Salar cardinal numbers
1 2  > 
    Cardinal : bir
    Ordinal : birinci

Etymology

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From Proto-Turkic *bīr.

Pronunciation

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  • (Xunhua, Qinghai, Ili, Xinjiang) IPA(key): /pir/, /piɹ/
  • (Xunhua, Qinghai) IPA(key): /pəɹ/
  • (Chahandusi, Ejia, Daowei, Xunhua, Qinghai) IPA(key): /per/, /peɹ/

Numeral

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bir

  1. one

References

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  • 林莲云 [Lin Lianyun] (1985) “bir”, in 撒拉语简志 [A Brief History of Salar]‎[4], Beijing: 民族出版社: 琴書店, →OCLC, page 14
  • Tenishev, Edhem (1976) “bir”, in Stroj salárskovo jazyká [Grammar of Salar], Moscow, pages 302, 444
  • 马伟 [Ma Wei], 朝克 [Chao Ke] (2014) “bir”, in 撒拉语366条会话读本 [Salar 366 Conversation Reader]‎[5], 1st edition, 社会科学文献出版社 [Social Science Literature Press], →ISBN, page 115
  • 马伟 (Ma Wei), 朝克 (Chao Ke) (2016) “bir”, in 濒危语言——撒拉语研究 [Endangered Languages ​​- Salar Language Studies], 青海 (Qinghai): 国家社会科学基金项目 (National Social Science Foundation Project), page 296

Scottish Gaelic

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Pronunciation

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Interjection

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bir

  1. onomatopoeic alarm noise of a gannet when attacked at night

References

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  • Edward Dwelly (1911) “bir”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎[6], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN

Sumerian

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Romanization

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bir

  1. Romanization of 𒄵 (bir)

Tagalog

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Etymology

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Borrowed from English beer.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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bir (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜒᜇ᜔)

  1. (colloquial) beer
    Synonym: (dated or formal) serbesa

Derived terms

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Turkish

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Turkish numbers (edit)
10
 ←  0 1 2  →  10  → 
    Cardinal: bir
    Ordinal: birinci
    Distributive: birer

Etymology

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Inherited from Ottoman Turkish بر (bir, “one”), from Old Anatolian Turkish بر (bir, “one”), from Proto-Turkic *bīr (“one”). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰋𐰃𐰼 (b²ir² /⁠bir⁠/).

Pronunciation

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  • Standard:
    • IPA(key): (all meanings) /bir/, [biɾ̞̊]
  • Colloquial:
    • IPA(key): (determiner and pronoun) /bɪ/, [bɪ]
    • IPA(key): (adjective) /bɪr/, [bɪr]
  • Audio:(file)

Numeral

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bir

  1. one

Adjective

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bir

  1. one

Adverb

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bir

  1. only, solely, merely

Determiner

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bir

  1. a, an
    Synonyms: (colloquial) bi', bi

Pronoun

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bir

  1. some

Noun

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bir (definite accusative biri, plural birler)

  1. mono
  2. single

Declension

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Inflection
Nominative bir
Definite accusative biri
Singular Plural
Nominative bir birler
Definite accusative biri birleri
Dative bire birlere
Locative birde birlerde
Ablative birden birlerden
Genitive birin birlerin
Possessive forms
Nominative
Singular Plural
1st singular birim birlerim
2nd singular birin birlerin
3rd singular biri birleri
1st plural birimiz birlerimiz
2nd plural biriniz birleriniz
3rd plural birleri birleri
Definite accusative
Singular Plural
1st singular birimi birlerimi
2nd singular birini birlerini
3rd singular birini birlerini
1st plural birimizi birlerimizi
2nd plural birinizi birlerinizi
3rd plural birlerini birlerini
Dative
Singular Plural
1st singular birime birlerime
2nd singular birine birlerine
3rd singular birine birlerine
1st plural birimize birlerimize
2nd plural birinize birlerinize
3rd plural birlerine birlerine
Locative
Singular Plural
1st singular birimde birlerimde
2nd singular birinde birlerinde
3rd singular birinde birlerinde
1st plural birimizde birlerimizde
2nd plural birinizde birlerinizde
3rd plural birlerinde birlerinde
Ablative
Singular Plural
1st singular birimden birlerimden
2nd singular birinden birlerinden
3rd singular birinden birlerinden
1st plural birimizden birlerimizden
2nd plural birinizden birlerinizden
3rd plural birlerinden birlerinden
Genitive
Singular Plural
1st singular birimin birlerimin
2nd singular birinin birlerinin
3rd singular birinin birlerinin
1st plural birimizin birlerimizin
2nd plural birinizin birlerinizin
3rd plural birlerinin birlerinin
Predicative forms
Singular Plural
1st singular birim birlerim
2nd singular birsin birlersin
3rd singular bir
birdir 		birler
birlerdir
1st plural biriz birleriz
2nd plural birsiniz birlersiniz
3rd plural birler birlerdir

Further reading

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  • bir in Reverso (Turkish-English)

Turkmen

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Turkmen numbers (edit)
10
 ←  0 1 2  →  10  → 
    Cardinal: bir
    Ordinal: birinji

Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Turkic *bīr (“one”).[1] Azerbaijani bir, Turkish bir.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /bɪɾ/
  • Hyphenation: bir

Numeral

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bir[2]

  1. one

Declension

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Declension of bir
singular plural
nominative bir birler
accusative biri birleri
genitive biriň birleriň
dative bire birlere
locative birde birlerde
ablative birden birlerden

References

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  1. ^ Clauson, Gerard (1972) “bi:r”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 353
  2. ^ bir at Ene dilim

Uzbek

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Uzbek numbers (edit)
10
 ←  0 1 2  →  10  → 
    Cardinal: bir
    Ordinal: birinchi

Etymology

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Inherited from Chagatai بر (bir /⁠bir⁠/, “one”), from Proto-Turkic *bīr (“one”). Cognate with Uyghur بىر / bir / бир; Turkmen bir, Azerbaijani بیر / бир / bir, Turkish bir; Old Uyghur 𐽼𐽶𐽾 (pyr /⁠bir⁠/), Old Turkic 𐰋𐰃𐰼 (b²ir² /⁠bir⁠/); Yakut биир (biir), Dolgan биир (biir); etc.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /bɪr/, [bɪ̈r]
  • Hyphenation: bir

Numeral

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Other scripts
Yangi Imlo
Cyrillic бир‍
Latin bir‍
Perso-Arabic
(Afghanistan) 		بیر

bir

  1. one

Volapük

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Reformed in the 1920s from bil, to make it more like its etymons.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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bir (nominative plural birs)

  1. beer

Declension

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declension of bir
singular plural
nominative bir birs
genitive bira biras
dative bire bires
accusative biri biris
vocative 1 o bir! o birs!
predicative 2 biru birus
  • 1 status as a case is disputed
  • 2 in later, non-classical Volapük only

Derived terms

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