bod

See also: Bod, BOD, böd, bød, and boð

Translingual

Symbol

bod

1. (international standards) ISO 639-2/T & ISO 639-3 language code for Tibetan.

English

Etymology

Clipping of body. The "person" sense may alternatively derive from Scottish Gaelic bodach (“old man”) via Scots.

Pronunciation

• (General American) IPA^(key): /bɑd/
• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /bɒd/

• Audio (General Australian):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɒd

Noun

bod (plural bods)

1. (slang) The body.

   Fred likes to keep his bod in shape.

   • 2008, BioWare, Mass Effect (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC, scene: Chora's Den, Citadel:

     Harkin: Hey there, sweetheart. You looking for some fun? 'Cause I gotta say that soldier getup looks real good on that bod of yours.

2. (slang) A person.
   • 2005, Richard Templar, The Rules of Management, page 73:

     There were cameras covering car parks, offices, corridors and storage areas in the basement. Result. The security bods started watching as if their lives depended on it.

   • 2021 December 29, Stephen Roberts, “Stories and Facts behind railway plaques: Reading (1840)”, in RAIL, number 947, page 56:

     People such as William James and the Stephensons (with whom he collaborated) may have been the movers and shakers of the early railways, but there was other, less exalted bods who constructed all the paraphernalia - including stations.

Derived terms

• dadbod
• mom bod
• odd bod, odd-bod

 

See also

• bod veal

Anagrams

• D.O.B., ODB, dob, OBD, BDO, DOB, d.o.b., DoB

Czech

FWOTD – 21 March 2021

Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech bod, from Proto-Slavic *bodъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈbot]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

bod m inan

1. (geometry) point
2. (temperature) point

   bod mrazu ― freezing point

3. item (of an agenda)
4. (sports) point, mark
5. stab
   • 1866, Josef Bojislav Pichl, transl., Don Quijote de la Mancha‎^[1], Praha: I. L. Kober, translation of original by Miguel de Cervantes, page 34:

     Na moutě duchu! zvolal po těch slovích Sancho; ať nedím tři tisíce šlehů, ale ani tři si nedám, jako nedal bych si tři body dýkou.

     "By all that's good," exclaimed Sancho at this, "I'll just as soon give myself three stabs with a dagger as three, not to say three thousand, lashes.

Declension

Declension of bod (hard masculine inanimate)

	singular	plural
nominative	bod	body
genitive	bodu	bodů
dative	bodu	bodům
accusative	bod	body
vocative	bode	body
locative	bodě, bodu	bodech
instrumental	bodem	body

Derived terms

• bod mrazu
• bod tání
• bod varu
• bod vzplanutí
• bodovat
• bodování
• bodový
• opěrný bod
• rosný bod
• trestný bod
• uzlový bod
• vybodovat

 

Related terms

• bodat, pobodat, probodat, ubodat, zabodat
• bodání
• bodnout, probodnout, vybodnout, zabodnout
• nabodeníčko

 

Further reading

• “bod”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “bod”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
• “bod”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)

Anagrams

• dob

Danish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /boːˀð/, [ˈb̥oˀð], [ˈb̥oðˀ]
• Rhymes: -oːð

Etymology 1

From Old Danish bōð, from Old East Norse bóð, from Proto-Germanic *bōþō (“building, dwelling”), cognate with Old West Norse búð, English booth, German Bude.

Noun

bod c (singular definite boden, plural indefinite boder)

1. booth, stall
2. shop

Declension

Declension of bod

common gender	Singular		Plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	bod	boden	boder	boderne
genitive	bods	bodens	boders	bodernes

Etymology 2

From Old Norse bót, from Proto-Germanic *bōtō (“improvement, atonement”), cognate with Swedish bot, English boot, German Buße, Dutch boete. Doublet of bøde.

Noun

bod c (singular definite boden, not used in plural form)

1. fine
2. penance

Usage notes

Now especially in the phrases gøre bod, råde bod.

Declension

Declension of bod

common gender	Singular
	indefinite	definite
nominative	bod	boden
genitive	bods	bodens

Derived terms

• mandebod (“wergeld”)

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch bot, from Old Dutch *bot, from Proto-West Germanic *bod, from Proto-Germanic *budą.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bɔt/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: bod
• Rhymes: -ɔt

Noun

bod n (plural boden, diminutive bodje n)

1. order
2. offer

Derived terms

• aan bod komen
• aanbod
• gebod
• opbod
• verbod
• zwaktebod

 

Descendants

• → Sranan Tongo: bot

Irish

Etymology

From Middle Irish bot (“tail; penis”), from Proto-Celtic *buzdos (“tail, penis”) (cf. Welsh both (“hub”), Breton bod (“bush, shrub”)), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *gʷosdʰos (“piece of wood”). For the archaic sense, compare English dick (“mean person, jerk, etc.”).

Pronunciation

• (Munster, Connacht) IPA^(key): /bˠɔd̪ˠ/
• (Ulster) IPA^(key): /bˠʌd̪ˠ/

Noun

bod m (genitive singular boid, nominative plural boid)

1. penis

   Synonym: cuideog (euphemistic)

2. (archaic) churl, boor, lout

Declension

Declension of bod (first declension)

bare forms case singular plural nominative bod boid vocative a bhoid a bhoda genitive boid bod dative bod boid forms with the definite article case singular plural nominative an bod na boid genitive an bhoid na mbod dative leis an mbod don bhod leis na boid

Derived terms

• bod an bhóthair (“vagrant, tramp”)
• bod ar dris (“stonechat”)
• bod bréige (“dildo”)
• bod donn, bod rua (“cod”)
• bod gadhair (“cuckoo-pint”)
• bod gaoithe (“kestrel”)
• bod gorm (“goldsinny”)
• bod mór (“ling”)
• bod na dtor (“blackcap; vagrant, tramp”)
• bodach (“lusty, virile”, adjective)
• bodán (“cat's-tail grass”)
• bodchú (“mongrel hound”)
• bodmhadra (“mongrel dog”)
• bodúil (“coarse, rough; churlish, rude, surly”, adjective)

 

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
bod	bhod	mbod
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “bod”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 bot”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 47

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Old West Norse boð, from Proto-Germanic *budą (“offer, message”), cognate with Icelandic boð, Dutch bod, German Gebot.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bɔː/, /bɔːd/

Noun

bod n (definite singular bodet, indefinite plural bod, definite plural boda)

1. message

   Synonym: melding

   Eg kjem med bod.

   I come with a message.

2. offer
3. (in compounds) messenger, delivery man

   Postbod ― Mailman

Derived terms

• bodskap
• tilbod
• postbod

See also

• melding

References

• “bod” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *bod. Cognate with Old Norse boð.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bod/

Noun

bod n (nominative plural bodu)

1. a command, mandate, precept, order; bidding

Declension

Declension of bod (strong a-stem)

Case	Singular	Plural
nominative	bod	bodu
accusative	bod	bodu
genitive	bodes	boda
dative	bode	bodum

Derived terms

• forbod
• ġebod

Descendants

• Middle English: bod
  • English: bode

Polish

Etymology

Borrowed from French baud, named after French telegraph engineer and inventor Jean-Maurice-Émile Baudot.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbɔt/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɔt
• Syllabification: bod
• Homophone: bot

Noun

bod m inan

1. (computing, telecommunications) baud

Declension

Declension of bod

	singular	plural
nominative	bod	body
genitive	bodu	bodów
dative	bodowi	bodom
accusative	bod	body
instrumental	bodem	bodami
locative	bodzie	bodach
vocative	bodzie	body

Further reading

• bod in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Middle Irish bot (“tail; penis”), from Proto-Celtic *buzdos (“tail, penis”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *gʷosdʰos (“piece of wood”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pɔt/

Noun

bod m (genitive singular boid, plural boid)

1. (anatomy) penis

Mutation

Mutation of bod

radical	lenition
bod	bhod

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Edward Dwelly (1911) “bod”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎^[2], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 bot”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bodъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bôːd/

Noun

bȏd m (Cyrillic spelling бо̑д)

1. sting (with a needle or a sharp object)
2. (embroidery, knitting) stitch
3. (sports) point

   Synonym: poen

Declension

Declension of bod

	singular	plural
nominative	bȏd	bódovi
genitive	boda	bodova
dative	bodu	bodovima
accusative	bod	bodove
vocative	bode	bodovi
locative	bodu	bodovima
instrumental	bodom	bodovima

Related terms

• bȍsti

Etymology 2

Borrowed from English baud.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bôːd/

Noun

bȏd m (Cyrillic spelling бо̑д)

1. baud

Declension

Declension of bod

	singular	plural
nominative	bȏd	bódovi
genitive	boda	bodova
dative	bodu	bodovima
accusative	bod	bodove
vocative	bode	bodovi
locative	bodu	bodovima
instrumental	bodom	bodovima

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Swedish boþ, from Old Norse bóð (Compare Old West Norse búð), from Proto-Germanic *bōþō (“dwelling”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /buːd/

Noun

bod c

1. a shed

   vedbod

   woodshed

2. a small shop
   1. a stall

      bodar på en julmarknad

      stalls at a Christmas market

Declension

Declension of bod

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	bod	bods
	definite	boden	bodens
plural	indefinite	bodar	bodars
	definite	bodarna	bodarnas

Derived terms

• bagarbod
• bodbiträde
• bodknodd
• bodlucka
• fäbod
• kornbod
• redskapsbod
• slaktarbod
• snickarbod
• vedbod
• visthusbod

 

See also

• butik
• skjul

References

• bod in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• bod in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• bod in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
• bod in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)

Volapük

Etymology

Borrowed from German Brot, English bread and Dutch brood.

Noun

bod (nominative plural bods)

1. bread

Declension

declension of bod

	singular	plural
nominative	bod	bods
genitive	boda	bodas
dative	bode	bodes
accusative	bodi	bodis
vocative 1	o bod!	o bods!
predicative 2	bodu	bodus

• ¹ status as a case is disputed
• ² in later, non-classical Volapük only

Derived terms

• bodabrekül
• bodakrut
• bodaplatot
• bodaramar
• bodasup
• bodated
• bodatoed
• boded
• bodel
• bodibak
• bodik
• bodiär

 

Welsh

Etymology

From Middle Welsh bot, from Proto-Celtic *butā (cf. Cornish bos, Breton bout), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- (“to be, become”); all the b- initial forms are from the same root. The vowel-initial forms as well as sy(dd) are from Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- (“to be”).

The present-progressive forms with yd- (ydwyf, etc.), and hence the colloquial present-affirmative forms with d- (dw, etc.), are from the affirmative particle yd. Colloquial affirmative forms with r- (rwyt, roeddwn, etc.) are from the affirmative particle yr. Colloquial negative forms with d- (dydw, does, doeddwn, etc.) are from the negative particle nid.

The third-person singular present mae originally meant ‘here is’ and is from the same source as yma (“here”) plus Proto-Celtic *esti. The third-person plural maent (colloquial maen) is derived from the singular by adding the third-person plural verb ending -nt.

Counterfactual forms such as petaswn and taswn are from univerbation with pe (“if”) +‎ yd (affirmative particle).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /boːd/
• Rhymes: -oːd

Verb

bod (first-person singular present wyf)

1. to be
2. there be (there is, there are etc.)
3. (auxiliary)
   1. Used with yn to form various tenses with progressive or stative meaning
   2. Used with wedi to form various tenses with perfect meaning
4. that... is, that... are, etc. (personal forms: (fy) mod i, (dy) fod di, (ei) fod e/o, (ei) bod hi, (ein) bod ni, (eich) bod chi, (eu) bod nhw)

   Dw i’n meddwl (ei) bod hi’n ddoniol. ― I think that she’s funny.

   Mae hi’n meddwl (fy) mod i’n dod. ― She thinks that I’m coming.

   Roedd Eleri yn dweud (dy) fod di’n sâl. ― Eleri was saying you were ill.

Usage notes

• Bod is the primary auxiliary verb in Welsh, used to form a great number of periphrastic tenses; see Appendix:Welsh conjugation.
• The two conditional tense stems bydd- and bas- can be opted between freely, although bas- is more common when used alongside a counterfactual in (pe) tas-.
• The preterite is relatively rare and mostly interchangeable with the imperfect.
• In the tenses given here, all forms of bod must be linked to a noun, adjective or verb with yn, wedi, or some other similar particle.
• The existential sense ("there is") uses the distinct interrogative form oes and negative does, however the affirmative mae is the same as the main verb, as are all non-present tenses.
• Bod introduces a subordinate clause only when the corresponding main clause would begin with a form of bod (the verb "to be") in the present or imperfect tense (including perfect and pluperfect clauses with wedi).
• Nouns are preceded with bod, or fod if the preceding verb is conjugated.

Conjugation

Conjugation

Literary forms	singular			plural			impersonal
	first	second	third	first	second	third
present progressive	wyf, ydwyf	wyt, ydwyt	mae; yw, ydyw, ydy, ydi; oes; sydd, sy	ŷm, ydym	ŷch, ydych	maent; ŷnt, ydynt	ys, ydys
present habitual/future	byddaf	byddi	bydd	byddwn	byddwch	byddant	byddir, byddys
imperfect/conditional	oeddwn	oeddit, oeddet	oedd, ydoedd	oeddem	oeddech	oeddynt, oeddent	oeddid
imperfect habitual	byddwn	byddit	byddai	byddem	byddech	byddent	byddid
preterite	bûm	buost	bu	buom	buoch	buont, buant	buwyd
pluperfect	buaswn	buasit	buasai	buasem	buasech	buasent	buasid, buesid
counterfactual plup. forms combined with pe	petaswn	petasit	petasai	petasem	petasech	petasent	—
present subjunctive	bwyf, byddwyf	bych, byddych, byddech	bo, byddo	bôm, byddom	boch, byddoch	bônt, byddont	bydder
imperfect subjunctive	bawn, byddwn	bait, baet, byddit, byddet	bai, bae, byddai	baem, byddem	baech, byddech	baent, byddent	byddid
counterfactual impf. subj. forms combined with pe	petawn	petait, petaet	petai	petaem	petaech	petaent	—
imperative	—	bydd, bydda	bydded, boed, bid	byddwn	byddwch	byddent	bydder
verbal noun	bod
verbal adjectives	bodedig bodadwy

Colloquial forms		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
present	affirmative	dw i, dwi, rw i, rwy, w i	rwyt ti	mae e/o/hi, ma' fe; ydy, yw; sy	dyn ni, dan ni, ŷn ni	dach chi, ych chi, dych chi	maen nhw
	negative	dydw i ddim, dw i ddim, w i ddim, sa i	dwyt ti ddim, ti ddim, so ti	dydy e/o/hi ddim, tydy o/hi ddim, dyw e/hi ddim, so fe/hi; does dim; sy ddim	dyn ni ddim, dydyn ni ddim, dan ni ddim, dydan ni ddim, ŷn ni ddim, so ni	dydych chi ddim, dach chi ddim, dydach chi ddim, ych chi ddim, chi ddim, so chi	dydyn nhw ddim, ŷn nhw ddim, so nhw
	interrogative	ydw i	wyt ti	ydy e/o/hi, yw e/hi; oes; sy	ydan ni, ŷn ni	ydych chi, dach chi, ydach chi, ych chi	ydyn nhw, ŷn nhw
imperfect	affirmative	roeddwn i, o’n i	roeddet ti, o’t ti	roedd e/o/hi, oedd e/o/hi, o’dd e/o/hi	roedden ni, o’n ni	roeddech chi, o’ch chi	roedden nhw, o’n nhw
	negative	doeddwn i ddim, o’n i ddim, do’n i ddim	doeddet ti ddim, o’t ti ddim, do’t ti ddim	doedd e/o/hi ddim, oedd e/o/hi ddim, o’dd e/o/hi ddim, do’dd e/o/hi ddim	doedden ni ddim, o’n ni ddim, do’n ni ddim	doeddech chi ddim, o’ch chi ddim, do’ch chi ddim	doedden nhw ddim, o’n nhw ddim, do’n nhw ddim
	interrogative	oeddwn i, o’n i	oeddet ti, o’t ti	oedd e/o/hi, oedd e/o/hi, o’dd e/o/hi	oedden ni, o’n ni	oeddech chi, o’ch chi	oedden nhw, o’n nhw
preterite		bues i	buest ti	buodd e/o/hi; bu	buon ni	buoch chi	buon nhw
future		bydda i, ’dda i	byddi di	bydd e/o/hi	byddwn ni	byddwch chi	byddan nhw
conditional		byddwn i; baswn i, swn i	byddet ti; baset ti, set ti	byddai fe/fo/hi; basai fe/fo/hi, sa fo/hi, se fe/hi	bydden ni; basen ni, sen ni	byddech chi; basech chi, sech chi	bydden nhw; basen nhw, sen nhw
counterfactual cond. forms used after optional pe		taswn i, bawn i, tawn i	taset ti, baet ti, taet ti	tasai fe/fo/hi, bai fe/fo/hi, tai fe/fo/hi	tasen ni, baen ni, taen ni	tasech chi, baech chi, taech chi	tasen nhw, baen nhw, taen nhw
imperative		—	bydd, bydda	—	—	byddwch	—

Derived terms

• bod am (“to want”)
• bod gan, bod gyda (indicates possession)
• darbod (“take care of”, verb)

Mutation

Mutated forms of bod

radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
bod	fod	mod	unchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “bod”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies