brak
English
editEtymology
editAdjective
editbrak (comparative more brak, superlative most brak)
- (South Africa) Brackish.
- 1995, Bill Sheat, Gerald Schofield, Complete Gardening in Southern Africa, page 437:
- Brak soils, which continue to be a subject of research, are unlikely to provide a major stumbling block […] However, brak conditions and their effects underline many of the principles of good soil management […]
Noun
editbrak (plural braks)
- (South Africa) A dog of mixed breed; a mongrel.
Anagrams
editCrimean Tatar
editEtymology
editRussian брак (brak), from German Brack (“defective goods, defect, flaw”).
Noun
editbrak
Declension
editReferences
editCzech
editEtymology
editInherited from Old Czech brak, from Middle Low German brak. Compare Polish brak.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editbrak m inan
- trash, leftovers, refuse (what is designated as bad; what is is leftover after what is good is taken)
Declension
editFurther reading
editDutch
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editFrom Middle Dutch brac. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.
Adjective
editbrak (comparative brakker, superlative brakst)
Declension
editDeclension of brak | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
uninflected | brak | |||
inflected | brakke | |||
comparative | brakker | |||
positive | comparative | superlative | ||
predicative/adverbial | brak | brakker | het brakst het brakste | |
indefinite | m./f. sing. | brakke | brakkere | brakste |
n. sing. | brak | brakker | brakste | |
plural | brakke | brakkere | brakste | |
definite | brakke | brakkere | brakste | |
partitive | braks | brakkers | — |
Derived terms
editDescendants
editEtymology 2
editFrom Middle Dutch bracke. Compare German Bracke, French braque, English brach, Italian bracco, Spanish braco. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.
Noun
editbrak m or f (plural brakken, diminutive brakje n)
Descendants
edit- ⇒ Afrikaans: brakkie
Etymology 3
editSee the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb
editbrak
Anagrams
editGothic
editRomanization
editbrak
- Romanization of 𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌺
Icelandic
editEtymology
editPronunciation
editNoun
editbrak n (genitive singular braks, no plural)
Declension
editDeclension of brak | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
n-s | singular | plural | ||
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
nominative | brak | brakið | brök | brökin |
accusative | brak | brakið | brök | brökin |
dative | braki | brakinu | brökum | brökunum |
genitive | braks | braksins | braka | brakanna |
Derived terms
edit- brak og brestir (a colossal din)
Further reading
edit- “brak” in the Dictionary of Modern Icelandic (in Icelandic) and ISLEX (in the Nordic languages)
Kashubian
editEtymology
editPronunciation
editNoun
editbrak m inan
- lack (non-existence of something)
- Synonym: niedostatk
Derived terms
editFurther reading
editOld Czech
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Middle Low German brak.[1] Compare Old Polish brak.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editbrak m inan
- choice (what is taken n. selected from a group of individuals of the same kind)
- trash, leftovers, refuse (what is designated as bad; what is is leftover after what is good is taken)
Declension
editsingular | dual | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | brak | braky | braci, brakové |
genitive | braka, braku | brakú | brakóv |
dative | braku | brakoma | brakóm |
accusative | brak | braky | braky |
vocative | brače | braky | braci, brakové |
locative | bracě, braku | brakú | braciech |
instrumental | brakem | brakoma | braky |
See also Appendix:Old Czech nouns and Appendix:Old Czech pronunciation.
Descendants
edit- Czech: brak
References
edit- ^ Rejzek, Jiří (2015) “brak”, in Český etymologický slovník (in Czech), 3rd (revised and expanded) edition, Praha: LEDA, →ISBN
Further reading
edit- Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “brak”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění
Old Polish
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Middle Low German brak. First attested in 1452. Compare Old Czech brak.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editbrak m animacy unattested
- choice, selection
- 1912-1930 [1452], Monumenta Iuris cura praepositorum Chartophylacio Maximo Varsoviensi, volume III, page 223:
- Hannus ... tenetur prouido Laurencio... sexagenarium al. sachczyg drzewa, hoc debet sibi presentare in Gdansko in prima aqua in prato sub eleccione al. pod brakem
- [Hannus ... tenetur prouido Laurencio... sexagenarium al. zachcyg drzewa, hoc debet sibi presentare in Gdansko in prima aqua in prato sub eleccione al. pod brakiem]
Derived terms
edit- brakować impf
Related terms
editDescendants
editReferences
edit- Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “brak”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
- Sławski, Franciszek (1958-1965) “brak”, in Jan Safarewicz, Andrzej Siudut, editors, Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego
- Mańczak, Witold (2017) “brak”, in Polski słownik etymologiczny (in Polish), Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności, →ISBN
- Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “brak”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego (in Polish)
- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “brak”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
Polish
editEtymology
editInherited from Old Polish brak.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editbrak m inan
- lack (non-existence of something) [with w (+ locative) ‘in what’]
- defect (fault or malfunction)
- Synonyms: defekt, feler, minus, niedostatek, wada
- faulty product (defective item that is the result of creation)
- (obsolete) choice; selection
- Synonym: wybór
Declension
editDerived terms
editTrivia
editAccording to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), brak (noun) is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 28 times in scientific texts, 19 times in news, 63 times in essays, 15 times in fiction, and 12 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 137 times, making it the 437th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]
Verb
editbrak impf (defective)
- (impersonal) there is/are no; to be wanting [with genitive ‘what there is not’ and dative ‘for/on whom’]
- Synonym: brakować
- Na parkingu brak wolnych miejsc. ― There is no vacant space in the parking lot.
- (Far Masovian) Synonym of potrzeba
- Brak mi jesce dwuch złotych do butów. ― I need to more złotys for the boots.
Conjugation
editDescendants
edit- → Kashubian: brak
References
edit- ^ Ida Kurcz (1990) “brak (noun)”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 32
Further reading
edit- brak in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- brak in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “brak”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “brak”, in Słownik języka polskiego
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “brak”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “brak”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 199
- brak in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego
- Wojciech Grzegorzewicz (1894) “brak”, in Sprawozdania Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności (in Polish), volume 5, Krakow: Akademia Umiejętności, page 103
Serbo-Croatian
editEtymology
editInherited from Proto-Slavic *borkъ.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editbrȃk m (Cyrillic spelling бра̑к)
Declension
editDerived terms
editSilesian
editEtymology
editInherited from Old Polish brak.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editbrak m inan
- lack (non-existence of something)
- Synonym: niydostatek
- (Cieszyn Silesia) type, kind
Declension
editDerived terms
editFurther reading
edit- brak in silling.org
Swedish
editNoun
editbrak n
- a loud crashing sound like the sound of a large tree falling or a structure collapsing
- Trädet föll med ett brak
- The tree came down with a crash
- Ett brak hördes från vardagsrummet
- A loud crash was heard from the living room
Declension
editDerived terms
edit- brak- (see there for more derived terms)
- brakare (“loud fart”)
- brakfis (“loud fart”)
- brakskit (“loud fart”)
Related terms
editReferences
editUzbek
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Russian брак (brak), from Polish brak, from Middle Low German brak (“flaw, defect; breaking”).
Noun
editbrak (plural braklar)
Declension
editsingular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | brak | braklar |
genitive | brakning | braklarning |
dative | brakka | braklarga |
definite accusative | brakni | braklarni |
locative | brakda | braklarda |
ablative | brakdan | braklardan |
similative | brakdek | braklardek |
* Note: The type of possessive is not specified.
- English lemmas
- English adjectives
- South African English
- English terms with quotations
- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- Crimean Tatar terms borrowed from Russian
- Crimean Tatar terms derived from Russian
- Crimean Tatar terms derived from German
- Crimean Tatar lemmas
- Crimean Tatar nouns
- Czech terms inherited from Old Czech
- Czech terms derived from Old Czech
- Czech terms derived from Middle Low German
- Czech terms with IPA pronunciation
- Czech lemmas
- Czech nouns
- Czech masculine nouns
- Czech inanimate nouns
- Czech masculine inanimate nouns
- Czech velar-stem masculine inanimate nouns
- Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation
- Dutch terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Dutch/ɑk
- Rhymes:Dutch/ɑk/1 syllable
- Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch
- Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch
- Dutch lemmas
- Dutch adjectives
- Dutch colloquialisms
- Dutch nouns
- Dutch nouns with plural in -en
- Dutch masculine nouns
- Dutch feminine nouns
- Dutch nouns with multiple genders
- Dutch non-lemma forms
- Dutch verb forms
- Gothic non-lemma forms
- Gothic romanizations
- Icelandic terms inherited from Old Norse
- Icelandic terms derived from Old Norse
- Icelandic 1-syllable words
- Icelandic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Icelandic/aːk
- Rhymes:Icelandic/aːk/1 syllable
- Icelandic lemmas
- Icelandic nouns
- Icelandic neuter nouns
- Icelandic uncountable nouns
- Kashubian terms derived from Old Polish
- Kashubian terms derived from Middle Low German
- Kashubian terms borrowed from Polish
- Kashubian terms derived from Polish
- Kashubian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Kashubian/ak
- Rhymes:Kashubian/ak/1 syllable
- Kashubian lemmas
- Kashubian nouns
- Kashubian masculine nouns
- Kashubian inanimate nouns
- Old Czech terms borrowed from Middle Low German
- Old Czech terms derived from Middle Low German
- Old Czech terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Czech lemmas
- Old Czech nouns
- Old Czech masculine nouns
- Old Czech inanimate nouns
- Old Czech masculine inanimate nouns
- Old Czech hard masculine o-stem nouns
- Old Polish terms borrowed from Middle Low German
- Old Polish terms derived from Middle Low German
- Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Polish lemmas
- Old Polish nouns
- Old Polish masculine nouns
- Old Polish terms with quotations
- Polish terms derived from Middle Low German
- Polish terms inherited from Old Polish
- Polish terms derived from Old Polish
- Polish 1-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Polish terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Polish/ak
- Rhymes:Polish/ak/1 syllable
- Polish lemmas
- Polish nouns
- Polish masculine nouns
- Polish inanimate nouns
- Polish terms with obsolete senses
- Polish verbs
- Polish defective verbs
- Polish imperfective verbs
- Polish impersonal verbs
- Polish terms with usage examples
- Far Masovian Polish
- Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Serbo-Croatian lemmas
- Serbo-Croatian nouns
- Serbo-Croatian masculine nouns
- sh:Marriage
- Silesian terms derived from Middle Low German
- Silesian terms inherited from Old Polish
- Silesian terms derived from Old Polish
- Silesian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Silesian/ak
- Rhymes:Silesian/ak/1 syllable
- Silesian lemmas
- Silesian nouns
- Silesian masculine nouns
- Silesian inanimate nouns
- Cieszyn Silesian
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish nouns
- Swedish neuter nouns
- Swedish terms with usage examples
- Uzbek terms borrowed from Russian
- Uzbek terms derived from Russian
- Uzbek terms derived from Polish
- Uzbek terms derived from Middle Low German
- Uzbek lemmas
- Uzbek nouns