brenna

See also: Brenna

Aragonese

Alternative forms

berienda (Cheso, Tensino)
brienda (Chistabín, Lanuza, Sobrarbe)
brenda (other dialects)
brena (Chistabín, Ribagorçan)

Etymology

From Latin merenda, through berienda or *berenda.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈbɾenna/
Rhymes: -enna
Syllabification: bren‧na

Noun

brenna f (plural brennas)

(Belsetán) afternoon snack

References

Badia I Margarit, Antonio. 1950. El habla del Valle de Bielsa. Barcelona: Instituto de Estudios Pirenaicos. 87, 235.
“merienda”, in Aragonario, diccionario castellano–aragonés (in Spanish)

Bavarian

Etymology

From Middle High German brennen, a merger of Old High German brennan (from Proto-West Germanic *brannijan), and Old High German brinnan (from *brinnan).

Cognates include Dutch branden, Icelandic brenna, Swedish brinna, English burn.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈb̥renɐ/, [ˈb̥re̞nɐ]
Hyphenation: bren‧na

Verb

brenna (past participle brennt)

(intransitive) to burn; to be on fire
(intransitive) to be lit, to be on (of a light or lamp)
(transitive, reflexive) to burn oneself, to suffer a burning
Synonym: verbrenna
(intransitive) to irritate; to induce pain or another painful sensation; to bite; to sting
(intransitive) to smart; to sting (a sore or wound)
(transitive) to fire; to bake; to kiln (tiles and pottery)
(transitive) to distil (alcoholic beverages such as schnapps)
(transitive, computing) to burn; to archive data on a storage medium (such as CDs, DVDs, etc.)
(intransitive, figuratively) to emit heat
(intransitive, figuratively) to miscalculate, to misjudge
(transitive, figuratively) to fork out, to shell out

Conjugation

Conjugation of brenna

infinitive	brenna
	present tense	past tense	subjunctive
1st person sing.	brenn	-	brennat
2nd person sing.	brennst	-	brennadst
3rd person sing.	brennt	-	brennat
1st person plur.	brennan	-	brennadn
2nd person plur.	brennts	-	brennats
3rd person plur.	brennan	-	brennadn

imperative sing.	brenn
imperative plur.	brennts

past participle	brennt

Derived terms

Faroese

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈpɾɛnːa/
Rhymes: -ɛnːa

Etymology 1

Noun

brenna f (genitive singular brennu, plural brennur)

Declension

Declension of brenna
f1	singular		plural
f1	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	brenna	brennan	brennur	brennurnar
accusative	brennu	brennuna	brennur	brennurnar
dative	brennu	brennuni	brennum	brennunum
genitive	brennu	brennunnar	brenna	brennanna

Etymology 2

From Old Norse brinna, from Proto-Germanic *brinnaną.

Verb

brenna (third person singular past indicative brann, third person plural past indicative brunnu, supine brunnið)

(intransitive) to burn

Usage notes

nú brennur tú í mær - now you are burning in me (song title by Eivør Pálsdóttir)

Conjugation

Conjugation of brenna (group v-48)
infinitive	brenna
supine	brunnið
participle (a34)¹	brennandi	brunnin
	present	past
first singular	brenni	brann
second singular	brennur	branst
third singular	brennur	brann
plural	brenna	brunnu
	imperative
singular	brenn!
plural	brennið!
¹Only the past participle being declined.

Derived terms

brunnin

Etymology 3

From Old Norse brenna, from Proto-Germanic *brannijaną.

Verb

brenna (third person singular past indicative brendi, third person plural past indicative brendu, supine brent)

(transitive) to burn

Conjugation

Conjugation of brenna (group v-8)
infinitive	brenna
supine	brent
participle (a7)¹	brennandi	brendur
	present	past
first singular	brenni	brendi
second singular	brennir	brendi
third singular	brennir	brendi
plural	brenna	brendu
	imperative
singular	brenna!
plural	brennið!
¹Only the past participle being declined.

Derived terms

brendur

Icelandic

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈprɛnːa/
Rhymes: -ɛnːa

Etymology 1

From Old Norse brinna, from Proto-Germanic *brinnaną.

Verb

brenna (strong verb, third-person singular past indicative brann, third-person plural past indicative brunnu, supine brunnið)

(intransitive) to burn, to be on fire

Conjugation

brenna — active voice (germynd)

	Forms with appended personal pronoun
infinitive (nafnháttur)		að brenna
supine (sagnbót)		brunnið
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar)		brennandi
	indicative (framsöguháttur)			subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur)
present (nútíð)	ég brenn	við brennum	present (nútíð)	ég brenni	við brennum
	þú brennur	þið brennið		þú brennir	þið brennið
	hann, hún, það brennur	þeir, þær, þau brenna		hann, hún, það brenni	þeir, þær, þau brenni

past (þátíð)	ég brann	við brunnum	past (þátíð)	ég brynni	við brynnum
	þú brannst	þið brunnuð		þú brynnir	þið brynnuð
	hann, hún, það brann	þeir, þær, þau brunnu		hann, hún, það brynni	þeir, þær, þau brynnu

imperative (boðháttur)	brenn (þú)	brennið (þið)
	brenndu	brenniði *
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

brunninn — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)

strong declension (sterk beyging)	singular (eintala)			plural (fleirtala)
strong declension (sterk beyging)	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	brunninn	brunnin	brunnið	brunnir	brunnar	brunnin
accusative (þolfall)	brunninn	brunna	brunnið	brunna	brunnar	brunnin
dative (þágufall)	brunnum	brunninni	brunnu	brunnum	brunnum	brunnum
genitive (eignarfall)	brunnins	brunninnar	brunnins	brunninna	brunninna	brunninna

weak declension (veik beyging)	singular (eintala)			plural (fleirtala)
weak declension (veik beyging)	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	brunni	brunna	brunna	brunnu	brunnu	brunnu
accusative (þolfall)	brunna	brunnu	brunna	brunnu	brunnu	brunnu
dative (þágufall)	brunna	brunnu	brunna	brunnu	brunnu	brunnu
genitive (eignarfall)	brunna	brunnu	brunna	brunnu	brunnu	brunnu

Derived terms

brunninn
brenna allar brýr að baki sér
brenna við (to get burned)
Maturinn brann við.
The food got burned.
vilja brenna við (to tend to happen)
Það vill brenna við.
It tends to happen.
brenna í skinninu (to be raring to go)
Hann brennur í skinninu.
He's raring to go.
láta sér ekki allt fyrir brjósti brenna (to be not afraid of anything)

Etymology 2

From Old Norse brenna, from Proto-Germanic *brannijaną.

Verb

brenna (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative brenndi, supine brennt)

(transitive, governs the accusative) to burn, to set on fire
Ég brenndi mig á fingrinum!
I burnt my finger!
(transitive, governs the dative) to heat up with
Að brenna kolum.
To heat up with coals.

Derived terms

brenndur

Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

brenna f (genitive singular brennu, nominative plural brennur)

burning
bonfire
Hvenær byrjar brennan?
When does the bonfire start?

Declension

Declension of brenna (feminine)

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	brenna	brennan	brennur	brennurnar
accusative	brennu	brennuna	brennur	brennurnar
dative	brennu	brennunni	brennum	brennunum
genitive	brennu	brennunnar	brenna	brennanna

Derived terms

bókabrenna

Italian

Etymology

Likely from the same ultimate source as French bréhaigne (“sterile (of animals)”), similar to Medieval Latin breisna.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈbren.na/
Rhymes: -enna
Hyphenation: brén‧na

Noun

brenna f (plural brenne)

(literary) nag (useless horse)

Hypernyms

cavallo

Latin

Etymology

Borrowed from Frankish, itself from a Celtic language, ultimately from Proto-Celtic *bragnos (“foul, rotten”); compare Old French bren.

Noun

brenna f (genitive brennae); first declension

(Medieval Latin) bran, in particular as dog food

Declension

First-declension noun.

	singular	plural
nominative	brenna	brennae
genitive	brennae	brennārum
dative	brennae	brennīs
accusative	brennam	brennās
ablative	brennā	brennīs
vocative	brenna	brennae

Derived terms

References

brenna in Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften (1967– ) Mittellateinisches Wörterbuch, Munich: C.H. Beck
Niermeyer, Jan Frederik (1976) “brenna”, in Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden, Boston: E. J. Brill

Norwegian Nynorsk

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /²brɛnːa/

Etymology 1

From Old Norse brenna, from Proto-Germanic *brinnaną.

Alternative forms

brenne (e and split infinitives)

Verb

brenna (present tense brenn, past tense brann, supine brunne, past participle brunnen, present participle brennande, imperative brenn)

(intransitive) burn
Graset på heia brenn.
The grass on the heath is burning.

Derived terms

brenna for

Etymology 2

From Old Norse brenna, from Proto-Germanic *brannijaną.

Alternative forms

brenne (e and split infinitives)

Verb

brenna (present tense brenner, past tense brende, past participle brent, passive infinitive brennast, present participle brennande, imperative brenn)

(transitive) burn
Nokon hadde brent ned huset.
Someone had burnt the house down.

References

“brenna” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old Norse

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *brinnaną.

Alternative forms

brinna — Old East Norse

Verb

brenna (singular past indicative brann, plural past indicative brunnu, past participle brunninn)

(intransitive) to burn with a flame
(intransitive) to be consumed by fire

Conjugation

Conjugation of brenna — active (strong class 3)

indicative	present	past
infinitive	brenna
present participle	brennandi
past participle	brunninn
1st-person singular	brenn	brann
2nd-person singular	brennr	brant
3rd-person singular	brennr	brann
1st-person plural	brennum	brunnum
2nd-person plural	brennið	brunnuð
3rd-person plural	brenna	brunnu
subjunctive	present	past
1st-person singular	brenna	brynna
2nd-person singular	brennir	brynnir
3rd-person singular	brenni	brynni
1st-person plural	brennim	brynnim
2nd-person plural	brennið	brynnið
3rd-person plural	brenni	brynni
imperative	present
2nd-person singular	brenn
1st-person plural	brennum
2nd-person plural	brennið

Conjugation of brenna — mediopassive (strong class 3)

indicative	present	past
infinitive	brennask
present participle	brennandisk
past participle	brunnizk
1st-person singular	brennumk	brunnumk
2nd-person singular	brennsk	branzk
3rd-person singular	brennsk	bransk
1st-person plural	brennumsk	brunnumsk
2nd-person plural	brennizk	brunnuzk
3rd-person plural	brennask	brunnusk
subjunctive	present	past
1st-person singular	brennumk	brynnumk
2nd-person singular	brennisk	brynnisk
3rd-person singular	brennisk	brynnisk
1st-person plural	brennimsk	brynnimsk
2nd-person plural	brennizk	brynnizk
3rd-person plural	brennisk	brynnisk
imperative	present
2nd-person singular	brennsk
1st-person plural	brennumsk
2nd-person plural	brennizk

Descendants

Icelandic: brenna
Faroese: brenna
Norwegian: brenna, brenne
Elfdalian: brinna
Old Swedish: brinna
- Swedish: brinna
Old Danish: brinnæ, brænnæ
- Danish: brænde
- Scanian: brænða
Gutnish: brinne

References

brenna in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, G. T. Zoëga, Clarendon Press, 1910, at Internet Archive.

Etymology 2

Causative of brenna/brinna; from Proto-Germanic *brannijaną, causative of *brinnaną.

Verb

brenna

(transitive, with accusative) to burn
brenna bál
to burn a bonfire
(transitive, with accusative) to destroy by fire
(transitive, with accusative) to purify (gold or silver)

Conjugation

Conjugation of brenna — active (weak class 1)

indicative	present	past
infinitive	brenna
present participle	brennandi
past participle	brendr
1st-person singular	brenni	brenda
2nd-person singular	brennir	brendir
3rd-person singular	brennir	brendi
1st-person plural	brennum	brendum
2nd-person plural	brennið	brenduð
3rd-person plural	brenna	brendu
subjunctive	present	past
1st-person singular	brenna	brenda
2nd-person singular	brennir	brendir
3rd-person singular	brenni	brendi
1st-person plural	brennim	brendim
2nd-person plural	brennið	brendið
3rd-person plural	brenni	brendi
imperative	present
2nd-person singular	brenn, brenni
1st-person plural	brennum
2nd-person plural	brennið

Conjugation of brenna — mediopassive (weak class 1)

indicative	present	past
infinitive	brennask
present participle	brennandisk
past participle	brenzk
1st-person singular	brennumk	brendumk
2nd-person singular	brennisk	brendisk
3rd-person singular	brennisk	brendisk
1st-person plural	brennumsk	brendumsk
2nd-person plural	brennizk	brenduzk
3rd-person plural	brennask	brendusk
subjunctive	present	past
1st-person singular	brennumk	brendumk
2nd-person singular	brennisk	brendisk
3rd-person singular	brennisk	brendisk
1st-person plural	brennimsk	brendimsk
2nd-person plural	brennizk	brendizk
3rd-person plural	brennisk	brendisk
imperative	present
2nd-person singular	brensk, brennisk
1st-person plural	brennumsk
2nd-person plural	brennizk

Descendants

Icelandic: brenna
Faroese: brenna
Norwegian: brenne
Old Swedish: brænna
- Swedish: bränna
Old Danish: brænnæ
- Danish: brænde

References

brenna in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, G. T. Zoëga, Clarendon Press, 1910, at Internet Archive.

Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

brenna f (genitive brennu)

burning

Declension

Declension of brenna (weak ōn-stem)

feminine	singular		plural
feminine	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	brenna	brennan	brennur	brennurnar
accusative	brennu	brennuna	brennur	brennurnar
dative	brennu	brennunni	brennum	brennunum
genitive	brennu	brennunnar	brenna	brennanna

Descendants

Swedish: bränna