cholera

See also: Cholera, choléra, and cholerą

English

Etymology

From Latin cholera (“bilious disease”), from Ancient Greek χολέρα (kholéra, “cholera”). Doublet of choler.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈkɒləɹə/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈkɑləɹə/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Hyphenation: chol‧e‧ra

Noun

cholera (countable and uncountable, plural choleras)

2. (pathology) Any of several acute infectious diseases of humans and domestic animals, caused by certain strains of the Vibrio cholerae bacterium through ingestion of contaminated water or food, usually marked by severe gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, and dehydration.
   • 1895, H. G. Wells, The Stolen Bacillus:

     'This again,' said the Bacteriologist, slipping a glass slide under the microscope, 'is a preparation of the celebrated Bacillus of cholera - the cholera germ.'

   • 1950 January, “Notes and News: George Bradshaw's Grave”, in Railway Magazine, pages 61–62:

     At that time, the city [Christiania, now Oslo] was in the grip of a cholera epidemic, and victims were dying at the rate of 60 a day. Bradshaw contracted the disease, and died on September 6 [1853].

Derived terms

• anticholera
• Asiatic cholera
• British cholera
• chicken cholera
• cholera horn
• choleraic
• cholera infantum
• choleralike
• cholera morbus
• cholerigenous
• cholerization
• cholerized
• choleroid
• English cholera
• epidemic cholera
• fowl cholera
• hog cholera
• Indian cholera
• noncholera

 

Related terms

• choler

Translations

infectious disease

• Arabic: كُولِيرَا m (kōlīrā), هَيْضَة f (hayḍa)
• Armenian: խոլերա (hy) (xolera)
• Azerbaijani: vəba, xolera
• Bashkir: ваба (vaba)
• Basque: kolera
• Belarusian: хале́ра f (xaljéra)
• Bulgarian: холе́ра f (holéra)
• Burmese: ဝမ်းရောဂါ (my) (wam:rau:ga), ကာလဝမ်း (my) (kala.wam:)
• Catalan: còlera (ca) f
• Cebuano: kolera
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 霍亂／霍乱 (fok³ lyun⁶)

  Mandarin: 霍亂／霍乱 (zh) (huòluàn), 虎列拉 (zh) (hǔlièlā) (dated)

• Czech: cholera (cs) f
• Danish: kolera (da) c
• Dinka: yäcpou
• Dutch: cholera (nl)
• Esperanto: ĥolero
• Estonian: koolera
• Faroese: kolera f
• Finnish: kolera (fi)
• French: choléra (fr) m
• Georgian: ქოლერა (kolera)
• German: Cholera (de) f
• Greek: χολέρα (el) f (choléra)

  Ancient: χολέρα f (kholéra)

• Gujarati: કોગળિયું (gu) (kogaḷiyũ)
• Hebrew: כּוֹלֶרָה (he) f (koléra), חֳלִירַע (kholéra)
• Hiligaynon: kolera
• Hindi: कॉलरा (kŏlrā), हैज़ा m (haizā)
• Hungarian: kolera (hu)
• Icelandic: kólera (is) f
• Ingrian: haleri
• Irish: calar m
• Italian: colera (it)
• Japanese: コレラ (ja) (korera)
• Kalmyk: оңһадг (oñğadg)
• Kazakh: тырысқақ (tyrysqaq)
• Khmer: អាសន្នរោគ (km) (ʼaasɑnnaʼrook)
• Korean: 콜레라 (ko) (kollera)
• Kyrgyz: холера (holera)
• Latvian: holera f
• Lithuanian: cholera f
• Malay: penyakit taun
• Malayalam: കോളറ (ml) (kōḷaṟa), ഛർദ്യാതിസാരം (chaṟdyātisāraṁ), വിഷൂചിക (ml) (viṣūcika)
• Maori: korera, korara, mate korara
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: kolera m

  Nynorsk: kolera m

• Persian: وبا (fa) (vabâ)
• Polish: cholera (pl) f
• Portuguese: cólera (pt) f
• Romanian: holeră (ro) f
• Russian: холе́ра (ru) f (xoléra)
• Samoan: kolela
• Slovak: cholera f
• Spanish: cólera (es) m
• Swahili: kipindupindu (sw)
• Swedish: kolera (sv)
• Tagalog: kolera
• Tajik: вабо (vabo)
• Tatar: ваба (tt) (waba)
• Thai: อหิวาต์ (th) (à-hì-waa)
• Tocharian B: iweru, wīcuṣik
• Turkish: kolera (tr), vebâ (tr)
• Ukrainian: холе́ра f (xoléra)
• Urdu: ہیضہ m (haizā)
• Uzbek: vabo (uz)
• Vietnamese: (bệnh) tả
• Welsh: colera m, geri m
• Yoruba: onígbáméjì, kọ́lẹ́rà

See also

• gastroenteritis

Anagrams

• Laroche, achelor, chorale, choreal

Czech

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin cholera.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈxolɛra]
• Hyphenation: cho‧le‧ra

Noun

cholera f

1. cholera

Declension

Declension of cholera (hard feminine)

	singular	plural
nominative	cholera	cholery
genitive	cholery	choler
dative	choleře	cholerám
accusative	choleru	cholery
vocative	cholero	cholery
locative	choleře	cholerách
instrumental	cholerou	cholerami

Related terms

• cholerický
• cholerik

 

Further reading

• “cholera”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “cholera”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
• “cholera”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)

Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin cholera, from Ancient Greek χολέρα (kholéra).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈxoː.ləˌraː/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: cho‧le‧ra

Noun

cholera f or m (uncountable)

1. cholera

Usage notes

• Cholera is the neutral name for the disease. The older terms "kolere" and "klere" are now considered vulgar or offensive.

Related terms

• klere
• kolere

Descendants

• → Papiamentu: kólera

Latin

Etymology

From Ancient Greek χολέρᾰ (kholéra).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈkʰo.le.ra/, [ˈkʰɔɫ̪ɛrä]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈko.le.ra/, [ˈkɔːlerä]

Noun

cholera f (genitive cholerae); first declension

1. cholera

Declension

First-declension noun.

	singular	plural
nominative	cholera	cholerae
genitive	cholerae	cholerārum
dative	cholerae	cholerīs
accusative	choleram	cholerās
ablative	cholerā	cholerīs
vocative	cholera	cholerae

Descendants

• Catalan: còlera
• English: cholera
• French: colère, choléra
• Italian: collera
• Russian: холе́ра (xoléra)
• Sicilian: còlira
• Spanish: cólera

References

• “cholera”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• cholera in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• cholera in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

Polish

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin cholera, from Ancient Greek χολέρᾰ (kholéra).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /xɔˈlɛ.ra/

• (Masovia):
  • (Near Masovian) IPA^(key): /xɔˈlɛ.ra/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛra
• Syllabification: cho‧le‧ra

Noun

cholera f

1. (pathology) cholera
2. (colloquial, mildly vulgar) pest, nuisance (irritating person)

   Jesteś cholerą! ― You're a bastard!

Declension

Declension of cholera

	singular
nominative	cholera
genitive	cholery
dative	cholerze
accusative	cholerę
instrumental	cholerą
locative	cholerze
vocative	cholero

Derived terms

adjective

• cholerny

 

noun

• cholerstwo

 

verb

• iść w cholerę

 

Related terms

adverb

• cholernie

 

Interjection

cholera

1. (mildly vulgar) damn!

Further reading

• cholera in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• cholera in Polish dictionaries at PWN
• Zygmunt Wasilewski (1889) “cholera”, in Jagodne: wieś w powiecie łukowskim, gminie Dąbie: zarys etnograficzny (in Polish), Warsaw: M. Arct, page 240

Slovak

Etymology

Derived from Latin cholera (“bilious disease”), from Ancient Greek χολή (kholḗ, “bile”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈxɔʎera]

Noun

cholera f (related adjective cholerový)

1. cholera

Declension

Declension of cholera (pattern žena)

	singular
nominative	cholera
genitive	cholery
dative	cholere
accusative	choleru
locative	cholere
instrumental	cholerou

Further reading

• “cholera”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2024

Spanish

Noun

cholera f (plural choleras)

1. female equivalent of cholero