cyfogi
Welsh
editEtymology
editFrom cyfog (“vomiting”) + -i, influenced by the sound of cyfodi (“raise”) and meaning of odi (“to throw, to hurl”).
Pronunciation
edit- (North Wales) IPA(key): /kəˈvɔɡɪ/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /kəˈvoːɡi/, /kəˈvɡdi/
- Rhymes: -ɔɡɪ
- Rhymes: -ɔɡi
Verb
editcyfogi (first-person singular present cyfogaf)
- to vomit, to throw up
- Synonyms: chwydu, taflu i fyny
Conjugation
editConjugation (literary)
singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
present indicative/future | cyfogaf | cyfogi | cyfoga | cyfogwn | cyfogwch | cyfogant | cyfogir | |
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional |
cyfogwn | cyfogit | cyfogai | cyfogem | cyfogech | cyfogent | cyfogid | |
preterite | cyfogais | cyfogaist | cyfogodd | cyfogasom | cyfogasoch | cyfogasant | cyfogwyd | |
pluperfect | cyfogaswn | cyfogasit | cyfogasai | cyfogasem | cyfogasech | cyfogasent | cyfogasid, cyfogesid | |
present subjunctive | cyfogwyf | cyfogych | cyfogo | cyfogom | cyfogoch | cyfogont | cyfoger | |
imperative | — | cyfoga | cyfoged | cyfogwn | cyfogwch | cyfogent | cyfoger | |
verbal noun | cyfogi | |||||||
verbal adjectives | cyfogedig cyfogadwy |
Conjugation (colloquial)
Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | |
future | cyfoga i, cyfogaf i | cyfogi di | cyfogith o/e/hi, cyfogiff e/hi | cyfogwn ni | cyfogwch chi | cyfogan nhw |
conditional | cyfogwn i, cyfogswn i | cyfoget ti, cyfogset ti | cyfogai fo/fe/hi, cyfogsai fo/fe/hi | cyfogen ni, cyfogsen ni | cyfogech chi, cyfogsech chi | cyfogen nhw, cyfogsen nhw |
preterite | cyfogais i, cyfoges i | cyfogaist ti, cyfogest ti | cyfogodd o/e/hi | cyfogon ni | cyfogoch chi | cyfogon nhw |
imperative | — | cyfoga | — | — | cyfogwch | — |
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. |
Mutation
editradical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
---|---|---|---|
cyfogi | gyfogi | nghyfogi | chyfogi |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
Further reading
edit- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “cyfogi”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies