Wiktionary

est

See also: Est, EST, êst, èst, ēst, -est, est., and Est.
Languages (24)
Translingual • English
Aromanian • Catalan • Cornish • Corsican • Danish • Elfdalian • French • Hungarian • Italian • Latin • Ligurian • Middle English • Middle French • Norman • Old English • Old French • Old Norse • Romanian • Sardinian • Scots • Swedish • Welsh
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Translingual

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Symbol

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est

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Estonian.

See also

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English

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Middle English este, from Old English ēst (“will, consent, favour”), from Proto-West Germanic *ansti, from Proto-Germanic *anstiz (“favour, affection”), from Proto-Indo-European *ān- (“to notice; face, mouth”) or from *h₃neh₂- (“to bestow, offer, help; to enjoy”).

Cognate with Icelandic ást (“affection, love”), Dutch gunst (“favour, grace, courtesy, privilege”), German Gunst (“favour, goodwill, boon”), Danish yndest (“favour”), Swedish ynnest (“favour, indulgence, grace”).

Alternative forms

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Noun

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est (usually uncountable, plural ests)

  1. (obsolete) Grace; favour.

Etymology 2

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Alternative forms

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Adjective

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est (not comparable)

  1. Abbreviation of established.
    Acme Manufacturing Inc., est 1952
    • 2010, Julie Turjoman, Brave New Knits, page 49:
      Work sleeve, sl raglan marker, work in ribbing as est to cable marker
Derived terms
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Etymology 3

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Alternative forms

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Proper noun

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est

  1. Initialism of Erhard Seminars Training, a course intended to promote satisfaction with life in the present moment, as opposed to strivings to attain it.

Anagrams

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Aromanian

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Alternative forms

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Verb

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est first-singular present indicative (third-person singular present indicative esti, past participle fute)

  1. to be

Conjugation

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past participle fute
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
mini tini nes, nese, el noi voi nesh, nesi, ei / eyi, eli
present est esht esti him hits sent

Catalan

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Etymology

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Borrowed from French est, from Old English ēast.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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est m (uncountable)

  1. east
    Synonyms: orient, llevant
    a l'est del país
    in the east of the country

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(compass points) punt cardinal;

nord-oest
(n-occ) 		nord
(sept) 		nord-est
(n-or)
oest
(occ) 		  est
(or)
sud-oest
(s-occ) 		sud
(mer) 		sud-est
(s-or)

Further reading

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Cornish

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Etymology

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From English east.

Noun

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est m

  1. east

Synonyms

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Antonyms

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Derived terms

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Corsican

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈɛst/
  • Hyphenation: est

Noun

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est m (uncountable)

  1. Alternative form of este

References

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  • “este, est” in INFCOR: Banca di dati di a lingua corsa

Danish

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Etymology

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From Old Norse est, from Proto-Germanic *izi, with addition of -t from the preterite-present verbs. The Germanic form goes back to Proto-Indo-European *h₁ési, cognate with Latin es, Ancient Greek εἶ (eî), Sanskrit असि (ási).

Pronunciation

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Verb

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est

  1. (archaic) present tense second-person singular of være (“(thou) art”)
    • 1812, Udvalgte danske Viser fra Middelalderen, page 19:
      Om jeg end Engene hver Nat / I Sorgen maa betræde, / Din Magt den har mig altid fat, / Dog du est ej tilstede: ...
      Even if I, each night, the meadows / Must walk upon, mourningly, / Thy power always has its grip on me, / Though thou art not present: ...
    • 1863, Ludvig baron Holberg, Frederik Ludvig LIEBENBERG, Vilhelm MARSTRAND, Ludvig Holbergs Peder Paars, udgivet for det Holbergske Samfund af F. L. Liebenberg, page 152:
      Jeg nesten gietter hvad til saadant dig har dreven: / Du est vist uden Tvivl for Døden bange bleven. / Rak, giør Dig reede strax, paa Rejsen dig begiv, / Kald Folket sammen; see, du redde kand dit Liv!
      I can sort of guess what has driven thee to such things: / Undoubtedly, thou art become frightened of death. / Rabble, prepare thyself straight away, commence the journey, / Call together the people; see, thou canst save thy life!

Elfdalian

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Etymology

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From Old Norse hestr, from Proto-Germanic *hanhistaz, an alternative form of *hangistaz. Compare Danish hest.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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est m

  1. horse

Declension

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Declension of est
masculine singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative est estn ester estär
accusative est estn esta estą
dative este estem estum estum(e)
genitive - estemes - estumes

French

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Etymology 1

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Inherited from Old French, from Old English ēast.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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est (invariable)

  1. east

Noun

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est m (uncountable)

  1. east

Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • → Asturian: este
  • → Catalan: est
  • → Corsican: este, est
  • → Galician: leste
  • → Italian: est
  • → Occitan: èst
  • → Portuguese: este, → leste
  • → Romanian: est
  • → Spanish: este

Synonyms

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Etymology 2

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Inherited from Middle French est, from Old French est, from Latin est, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti. Next to Jésus-Christ, it is the only word in which silent internal s remains in modern French spelling. The expected form êt existed, but did not establish itself, in contrast to être and êtes. Possible reasons are the sheer frequency of est, its exact agreement with the Latin form, and the fact that it was usually unstressed and thus shortened.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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est

  1. third-person singular present indicative of être
Alternative forms
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Derived terms
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Further reading

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Anagrams

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Hungarian

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Etymology

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From the es- stem of the verb esik (“to fall”) +‎ -t (noun-forming suffix).[1][2][3] See more at este.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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est (plural estek)

  1. (archaic) evening, eve
    Synonym: este
  2. (literary, by extension) recital, show in the evening (compare French soirée (“evening activity, party”, literally “evening”))
    műsoros est ― an evening with entertainment

Declension

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Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony)
singular plural
nominative est estek
accusative estet esteket
dative estnek esteknek
instrumental esttel estekkel
causal-final estért estekért
translative estté estekké
terminative estig estekig
essive-formal estként estekként
essive-modal — —
inessive estben estekben
superessive esten esteken
adessive estnél esteknél
illative estbe estekbe
sublative estre estekre
allative esthez estekhez
elative estből estekből
delative estről estekről
ablative esttől estektől
non-attributive
possessive - singular 		esté esteké
non-attributive
possessive - plural 		estéi estekéi
Possessive forms of est
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. estem estjeim
2nd person sing. ested estjeid
3rd person sing. estje estjei
1st person plural estünk estjeink
2nd person plural estetek estjeitek
3rd person plural estjük estjeik

Derived terms

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Compound words

References

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  1. ^ est in Tótfalusi, István. Magyar etimológiai nagyszótár (’Hungarian Comprehensive Dictionary of Etymology’). Budapest: Arcanum Adatbázis, 2001; Arcanum DVD Könyvtár →ISBN
  2. ^ est in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN.  (See also its 2nd edition.)
  3. ^ Eőry, Vilma. Értelmező szótár+ (“Explanatory Dictionary Plus”). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2007. →ISBN

Further reading

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  • est in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
  • est in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).

Italian

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Etymology

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Borrowed from French est, from Old English ēast.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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est m (invariable)

  1. east
    Synonyms: oriente, levante

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From Latin
settentrione
occidente
ponente 		  oriente
levante
meridione
mezzogiorno
From Germanic
nordovest nord nordest
ovest   est
sudovest sud sudest

Anagrams

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Latin

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Etymology 1

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From Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti.

Cognate with Sanskrit अस्ति (ásti), Ancient Greek ἐστί (estí), Old Persian 𐎠𐎿𐎫𐎡𐎹 (a-s-t-i-y /⁠astiy⁠/), Hittite 𒂊𒌍𒍣 (ēszi), Old Church Slavonic ѥстъ (jestŭ), Gothic 𐌹𐍃𐍄 (ist).

Pronunciation

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Verb

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est

  1. third-person singular present active indicative of sum
    Marcus agricola est. ― "Marcus is a farmer."
    Est senex. ― "He is old."
    Est puella in vīllā. ― "There is a girl in the villa."
Quotations
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Derived terms
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Descendants
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  • Asturian: ye
  • Catalan: és
  • French: est
  • Galician: é
  • Italian: è
  • Portuguese: é
  • Romanian: este, e
  • Sardinian: est
  • Spanish: es

Etymology 2

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From Proto-Indo-European *h₁édti; form of the verb edō (“I eat”). Cognate with Russian есть (jestʹ), Latvian ēst, Old Church Slavonic ꙗсти (jasti).

Pronunciation

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Verb

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ēst

  1. third-person singular present active indicative of edō
    • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.66–67:
      Ēst mollis flamma medullās
      intereā, et tacitum vīvit sub pectore vulnus.
      A soft flame consumes her [Dido's] bonemarrow
      meanwhile, as a quiet wound lives in her chest.
Synonyms
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References

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  • “est”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers

Ligurian

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Noun

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est m (please provide plural)

  1. east (cardinal point)

Middle English

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Old English ēast, in turn from Proto-West Germanic *austr.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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est

  1. east, easternness
  2. A location to the south; the south
  3. The Orient

Coordinate terms

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Descendants

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References

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Adverb

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est

  1. To the east, eastwards, eastbound
  2. From the east, eastern
  3. In the east

Descendants

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Middle French

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Verb

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est

  1. third-person singular present indicative of estre

Norman

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Alternative forms

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  • êt (continental Normandy)
  • êst (Jersey)

Etymology

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From Old French, from Old English ēast.

Noun

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est m (uncountable)

  1. (Guernsey, Sark) east

Old English

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Proto-West Germanic *ansti, from Proto-Germanic *anstiz (“grace, thanks”), derivative of Proto-Germanic *unnaną (“to grant, thank”), from Proto-Indo-European *ān- (“to notice; face, mouth”).

Cognate with Old Saxon anst (“grace, favour”), Old High German anst (“goodwill, benevolence, thanks, grace”), Gothic 𐌰𐌽𐍃𐍄𐍃 (ansts, “joy, grace, thankfulness”). Related to Old English unnan (“to grant, allow”). More at own.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ēst m or f (nominative plural ēste)

  1. consent, grace, favor; kindness
  2. pleasure

Declension

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  • Masculine
Declension of ēst (strong i-stem)
Case Singular Plural
nominative ēst ēstas
accusative ēst ēstas
genitive ēstes ēsta
dative ēste ēstum
  • Feminine
Declension of ēst (strong i-stem)
Case Singular Plural
nominative ēst ēste, ēsta
accusative ēst, ēste ēste, ēsta
genitive ēste ēsta
dative ēste ēstum

Synonyms

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Descendants

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Old French

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Alternative forms

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Verb

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est

  1. third-person singular present indicative of estre

Old Norse

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Verb

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est

  1. second-person singular present active indicative of vera

Romanian

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Etymology

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Borrowed from French est, from Old English ēast.

Noun

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est n (uncountable)

  1. east
    Synonyms: orient, răsărit

Declension

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declension of est (singular only)
singular
n gender indefinite articulation definite articulation
nominative/accusative (un) est estul
genitive/dative (unui) est estului
vocative estule

Coordinate terms

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Native Romanian
miazănoapte
apus   răsărit
miazăzi
Borrowed from French/German
nord-vest nord nord-est
vest   est
sud-vest sud sud-est

Further reading

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Sardinian

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Etymology

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From Latin est, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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est

  1. third-person singular present indicative of èssere

Scots

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Noun

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est (uncountable)

  1. (Orkney) envy

Verb

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est (third-person singular simple present ests, present participle estan, simple past ested, past participle ested)

  1. (Orkney) To envy.

References

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Swedish

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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est c

  1. Estonian; a person from Estonia

Declension

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Declension of est
nominative genitive
singular indefinite est ests
definite esten estens
plural indefinite ester esters
definite esterna esternas

See also

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Anagrams

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Welsh

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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est

  1. second-person singular preterite colloquial of mynd

Synonyms

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