ith

See also: i'th', iþ, ið, -ið, and íð

English

Etymology 1

From i +‎ -th.

Alternative forms

ith
Sometimes written as i'th or i-th

Pronunciation

(UK, US) IPA^(key): /aɪθ/, [aɪ̯θ]
Rhymes: -aɪθ

Adjective

ith (not comparable)

(mathematics) Occurring at position i in a sequence.

Related terms

nth

Translations

occurring at position i

Italian: i-esimo (it)

Etymology 2

From Pitman ess and ish, which it is related to phonetically and graphically, and the sound it represents.

Pronunciation

(UK, US) IPA^(key): /ɪθ/
Rhymes: -ɪθ

Noun

ith (plural iths)

The letter ⟨(⟩, which stands for the th sound (/θ/) in Pitman shorthand.

Related terms

thee
ish
theta, the name of the IPA letter for this sound

Anagrams

HIT, Thi, hit, iht, thi-

Albanian

Etymology 1

From Proto-Albanian *its, from Proto-Indo-European *eǵʰs (“from, out of”). Related to Lithuanian ìš, Latvian iz and Old Prussian is. The change in meaning is a part of the wider sematic shift of prepositions (see nga); the old meaning is preserved in the prefix sh- (partially influenced by a homonymous prefix of Latin origin continuing Latin dis-).^[1]

Adverb

ith

(obsolete) behind

Etymology 2

Verb

ith (aorist itha, participle ithur)

to follow someone

Related terms

ind

References

^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “ith”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 154

Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish ithid (“eats, bites, devours; grazes”), from Proto-Celtic *ɸiteti, from Proto-Indo-European *peyt-. The future stem is from Old Irish ·íss, from Proto-Celtic *ɸiɸitsāti.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɪ/, /ɪh/
(Aran) IPA^(key): /iː/^[1]
(Ulster) IPA^(key): /ɪç/^[2]

Verb

ith (present analytic itheann, future analytic íosfaidh, verbal noun ithe, past participle ite)

to eat

Conjugation

conjugation of ith (irregular)

		singular			plural			relative	autonomous
		first	second	third	first	second	third	relative	autonomous
indicative	present	ithim	itheann tú; ithir^†	itheann sé, sí	ithimid; itheann muid	itheann sibh	itheann siad; ithid^†	a itheann; a itheas / a n-itheann; a n-itheas	itear
	past	d'ith mé; d'itheas / ith mé‡; itheas‡	d'ith tú; d'ithis / ith tú‡; ithis‡	d'ith sé, sí / ith sé, sí‡	d'itheamar; d'ith muid / itheamar‡; ith muid‡	d'ith sibh; d'itheabhair / ith sibh‡; itheabhair‡	d'ith siad; d'itheadar / ith siad‡; itheadar‡	a d'ith / ar ith*	itheadh; hitheadh^†
	past habitual	d'ithinn / ithinn‡; n-ithinn‡‡	d'iteá / iteá‡; n-iteá‡‡	d'itheadh sé, sí / itheadh sé, sí‡; n-itheadh‡‡	d'ithimis; d'itheadh muid / ithimis‡; itheadh muid‡; n-ithimis‡‡; n-itheadh muid‡‡	d'itheadh sibh / itheadh sibh‡; n-itheadh sibh‡‡	d'ithidís; d'itheadh siad / ithidís‡; itheadh siad‡; n-ithidís‡‡; n-itheadh siad‡‡	a d'itheadh / a n-itheadh*	d'ití / ití‡; n-ití‡‡
future		íosfaidh mé; íosfad	íosfaidh tú; íosfair^†	íosfaidh sé, sí	íosfaimid; íosfaidh muid	íosfaidh sibh	íosfaidh siad; íosfaid^†	a íosfaidh, a íosfas / a n-íosfaidh; a n-íosfas	íosfar
conditional		d'íosfainn / íosfainn‡; n-íosfainn‡‡	d'íosfá / íosfá‡; n-íosfá‡‡	d'íosfadh sé, sí / íosfadh sé, sí‡; n-íosfadh sé, sí‡‡	d'íosfaimis; d'íosfadh muid / íosfaimis‡; íosfadh muid‡; n-íosfaimis‡‡; n-íosfadh muid‡‡	d'íosfadh sibh / íosfadh sibh‡; n-íosfadh sibh‡‡	d'íosfaidís; d'íosfadh siad / íosfaidís‡; íosfadh siad‡; n-íosfaidís‡‡; n-íosfadh siad‡‡	a d'íosfadh / a n-íosfadh*	d'íosfaí / íosfaí‡; n-íosfaí‡‡
subjunctive	present	go n-ithe mé; go n-ithead^†	go n-ithe tú; go n-ithir^†	go n-ithe sé, sí	go n-ithimid; go n-ithe muid	go n-ithe sibh	go n-ithe siad; go n-ithid^†	—	go n-itear
subjunctive	past	dá n-ithinn	dá n-iteá	dá n-itheadh sé, sí	dá n-ithimis; dá n-itheadh muid	dá n-itheadh sibh	dá n-ithidís; dá n-itheadh siad	—	dá n-ití
imperative		ithim	ith	itheadh sé, sí	ithimis	ithigí; ithidh^†	ithidís	—	itear
verbal noun		ithe
past participle		ite

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡ dependent form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis (except an)

in parts of Munster (e.g. Cape Clear Island, County Clare), the following forms of the past tense are found in addition to the those listed above:

	singular			plural			relative	autonomous
	first	second	third	first	second	third	relative	autonomous
past	duas	duais	duaidh sé, sí	duamair	duabhair	duadar	a dhuaidh / ar dhuaidh*	duadh

Mutation

Mutated forms of *ith*
radical	eclipsis	with h-prothesis	with t-prothesis
ith	n-ith	hith	not applicable

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

^ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 136
^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 345, page 118

Old Irish

Etymology 1

From Proto-Celtic *ɸitu, from Proto-Indo-European *peyt- (“food, nutrition”); from the same root is derived ithid (“to eat”). Cognate with Welsh ŷd.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /iθ/

Noun

ith n (genitive etho, no plural)

corn, grain

Declension

Neuter u-stem
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ith^N	—	—
Vocative	ith^N	—	—
Accusative	ith^N	—	—
Genitive	etho^H, atho^H	—	—
Dative	ith^L	—	—
Initial mutations of a following adjective: ^H = triggers aspiration ^L = triggers lenition ^N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

Irish: ioth

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /iθʲ/

Verb

ith

second-person singular imperative of ithid

Mutation

Mutation of *ith*
radical	lenition	nasalization
ith (pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments)	unchanged	n-ith

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Old Irish ithid (“eats, bites, devours; grazes”), from Proto-Celtic *ɸiteti, from Proto-Indo-European *peyt-.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /iç/

Verb

ith (past dh'ith, future ithidh, verbal noun ithe, past participle ithte)

eat
Ith do leòr! ― Bon appetit!

Ith, òl agus bi subhach! ― Eat, drink, and be merry!

Conjugation

Conjugation of ith (regular)

		singular			plural			impersonal
		first	second	third m/f	first	second	third	impersonal
independent	past	dh'ith mi	dh'ith thu	dh'ith e/i	dh'ith sinn	dh'ith sibh	dh'ith iad	dh'itheadh
	future	ithidh mi	ithidh tu	ithidh e/i	ithidh sinn	ithidh sibh	ithidh iad	ithear ithtear
	conditional	dh'ithinn	dh'itheadh tu	dh'itheadh e/i	dh'itheamaid dh'itheadh sinn	dh'itheadh sibh	dh'itheadh iad	dh'ithteadh dh'ithist¹ dh'ithiste¹
negative	past	cha do dh'ith mi	cha do dh'ith thu	cha do dh'ith e/i	cha do dh'ith sinn	cha do dh'ith sibh	cha do dh'ith iad	cha do dh'itheadh
	future	chan ith mi	chan ith thu	chan ith e/i	chan ith sinn	chan ith sibh	chan ith iad	chan ithear chan ithtear
	conditional	chan ithinn	chan itheadh tu	chan itheadh e/i	chan itheamaid chan itheadh sinn	chan itheadh sibh	chan itheadh iad	chan ithteadh chan ithist¹ chan ithiste¹
affirmative interrogative	past	an do dh'ith mi?	an do dh'ith thu?	an do dh'ith e/i?	an do dh'ith sinn?	an do dh'ith sibh?	an do dh'ith iad?	an do dh'itheadh?
	future	an ith mi?	an ith thu?	an ith e/i?	an ith sinn?	an ith sibh?	an ith iad?	an ithear? an ithtear?
	conditional	an ithinn?	an itheadh tu?	an itheadh e/i?	an itheamaid? an itheadh sinn?	an itheadh sibh?	an itheadh iad?	an ithteadh? an ithist?¹ an ithiste?¹
negative interrogative	past	nach do dh'ith mi?	nach do dh'ith thu?	nach do dh'ith e/i?	nach do dh'ith sinn?	nach do dh'ith sibh?	nach do dh'ith iad?	nach do dh'itheadh?
	future	nach ith mi?	nach ith thu?	nach ith e/i?	nach ith sinn?	nach ith sibh?	nach ith iad?	nach ithear? nach ithtear?
	conditional	nach ithinn?	nach itheadh tu?	nach itheadh e/i?	nach itheamaid? nach itheadh sinn?	nach itheadh sibh?	nach itheadh iad?	nach ithteadh? nach ithist?¹ nach ithiste?¹
relative future	affirmative	(ma) dh'itheas mi	(ma) dh'itheas thu	(ma) dh'itheas e/i	(ma) dh'itheas sinn	(ma) dh'itheas sibh	(ma) dh'itheas iad	(ma) dh'ithear
relative future	negative	(mur) ith mi	(mur) ith thu	(mur) ith e/i	(mur) ith sinn	(mur) ith sibh	(mur) ith iad	(mur) ithear (mur) ithtear
imperative		itheam	ith	itheadh e/i	itheamaid	ithibh	itheadh iad	ithear ithtear
stem		ith
verbal noun		ithe
past participle		ithte

¹ Lewis dialect form

Derived terms

bioran-ithe (“chopstick”)
bun-itheadair (“primary consumer”)
feòil-itheach (“carnivore”)
feòil-itheadair (“carnivorous”)
feur-itheach, lus-itheach (“herbivore”)
iar-itheadair (“secondary consumer”)
itheadair (“eater”)
itheadair-sheanganan (“anteater”)
lus-itheadair (“herbivorous”)
mì-rian ithe (“eating disorder”)
seòmar-ithe (“dining room”)
so-ithe, ion-ithe (“edible”)
uidheam-ithe (“(a piece of) cutlery”)
uil-itheadair (“omnivore”)

References

Edward Dwelly (1911) “ith”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎^[1], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “ithid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Welsh

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.). Not related to gwenith (“wheat”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /iːθ/
Rhymes: -iːθ

Noun

ith m (plural ithion or ithau)

(not in science) particle, atom, a grain
Synonyms: mymryn, gronyn, brot, atom
grain, corn.
Synonym: gronyn

Derived terms

ithfaen (“granite”)

Mutation

Mutated forms of *ith*
radical	soft	nasal	h-prothesis
ith	unchanged	unchanged	hith

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “ith”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

[1] Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “ith”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 154

[2] Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 136

[3] Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 345, page 118

[1]

[1]

[2]

ith

English

Etymology 1

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Adjective

Related terms

Translations

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Noun

Related terms

Anagrams

Albanian

Etymology 1

Adverb

Etymology 2

Verb

Related terms

References

Irish

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Mutation

References

Further reading

Old Irish

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Descendants

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Verb

Mutation

Further reading

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Derived terms

References

Welsh

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Derived terms

Mutation

References