kama

See also: Appendix:Variations of "kama"

English

Pronunciation

• (US) enPR: kämə, IPA^(key): /kɑmə/
• Rhymes: -ɑːmə

Etymology 1

From Japanese 鎌 (kama, “sickle, scythe”).

Noun

kama (plural kama)

1. A sickle-like weapon, originally used as a tool for cutting weeds.

See also

• Kama (weapon) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Etymology 2

From Sanskrit काम (kā́ma).

Noun

kama (uncountable)

1. (Hinduism) The act or process of wishing; longing, desire (with or without sexual connotations); one of the goals of life in Hindu tradition.
   • 1958, V. Raghavan, “Chapter XII: Kāma, The Third End of Man”, in Stephen N Hay, William Theodore De Bary, editors, Sources of Indian Tradition, volume 2, page 258:

     The place of kāma or the pursuit of love and pleasure in the balanced Hindu scheme of life derives from the importance attached to the life of the married householder (grhastha).

   • 2006, “Indian Erotology”, in Alan Soble, editor, Sex from Plato to Paglia: A Philosophical Encyclopedia, Volume 1: A-L, page 493:

     Ancient Indian thought divides the principal aims of human existence into dharma (religion, morality, social obligations), artha (economics, politics, power), and kāma (erotic pleasure, sexual interaction, sexual gratification).

Derived terms

• kama rupa
• Kama Sutra

See also

• preman

Anagrams

• Maka, maka

Acehnese

Noun

kama

1. room (part of a building)

References

• 2007. The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Department of Linguistics.

Bikol Central

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish cama.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkama/ [ˈka.ma]
• Hyphenation: ka‧ma

Noun

káma (Basahan spelling ᜃᜋ)

1. bed

   Synonyms: katre, higdaan

Chichewa

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Portuguese cama.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈka.má/

Noun

kamá class 9 (plural makamá class 6)

1. bed

   Synonym: bedi

Etymology 2

From Proto-Bantu *-káma.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈka.ma/

Verb

-kama (infinitive kukáma)

1. to milk

Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈkama]

Adverb

kama

1. (dialect, Moravia) which way, which direction

   Synonym: (standard Czech) kudy

Estonian

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

kama (genitive kama, partitive kama)

1. kama (traditional Estonian, Finnish and Russian finely milled flour mixture, consisting of roasted barley, rye, oat and pea flour)

Declension

Declension of kama (ÕS type 17/elu, no gradation)
		singular	plural
nominative		kama	kamad
accusative	nom.
	gen.	kama
genitive			kamade
partitive		kama	kamasid
illative		kamma kamasse	kamadesse
inessive		kamas	kamades
elative		kamast	kamadest
allative		kamale	kamadele
adessive		kamal	kamadel
ablative		kamalt	kamadelt
translative		kamaks	kamadeks
terminative		kamani	kamadeni
essive		kamana	kamadena
abessive		kamata	kamadeta
comitative		kamaga	kamadega

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

kama (genitive kama, partitive kama)

1. (colloquial) stuff, things

Declension

Declension of kama (ÕS type 17/elu, no gradation)
		singular	plural
nominative		kama	kamad
accusative	nom.
	gen.	kama
genitive			kamade
partitive		kama	kamasid
illative		kamma kamasse	kamadesse
inessive		kamas	kamades
elative		kamast	kamadest
allative		kamale	kamadele
adessive		kamal	kamadel
ablative		kamalt	kamadelt
translative		kamaks	kamadeks
terminative		kamani	kamadeni
essive		kamana	kamadena
abessive		kamata	kamadeta
comitative		kamaga	kamadega

Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Adverb

kama (not comparable)

1. (colloquial) Indicates indifference, not caring.

   Kas sooviksite õunu või apelsine? Mul kama kaks.

   Do you want apples or oranges? I don't care either way.

Further reading

• kama in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)

Finnish

Etymology

Akin to kampe, kampsut. According to SSA, ultimately of onomatopoeic origin; possibly related to dialectal kamahtaa (“to thump, to thud”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkɑmɑ/, [ˈkɑ̝mɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -ɑmɑ
• Syllabification^(key): ka‧ma

Noun

kama

1. (colloquial, usually in the plural) stuff (miscellaneous items or objects; personal effects)

   Mitä ovat kaikki nuo kamat makuuhuoneesi lattialla?

   What is all that stuff on your bedroom floor?

2. (slang, in the singular only) product (illegal drugs)

Declension

Inflection of kama (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)
nominative		kama	kamat
genitive		kaman	kamojen
partitive		kamaa	kamoja
illative		kamaan	kamoihin
		singular	plural
nominative		kama	kamat
accusative	nom.	kama	kamat
	gen.	kaman
genitive		kaman	kamojen kamain rare
partitive		kamaa	kamoja
inessive		kamassa	kamoissa
elative		kamasta	kamoista
illative		kamaan	kamoihin
adessive		kamalla	kamoilla
ablative		kamalta	kamoilta
allative		kamalle	kamoille
essive		kamana	kamoina
translative		kamaksi	kamoiksi
abessive		kamatta	kamoitta
instructive		—	kamoin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of kama (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative kamani kamani accusative nom. kamani kamani gen. kamani genitive kamani kamojeni kamaini rare partitive kamaani kamojani inessive kamassani kamoissani elative kamastani kamoistani illative kamaani kamoihini adessive kamallani kamoillani ablative kamaltani kamoiltani allative kamalleni kamoilleni essive kamanani kamoinani translative kamakseni kamoikseni abessive kamattani kamoittani instructive — — comitative — kamoineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative kamasi kamasi accusative nom. kamasi kamasi gen. kamasi genitive kamasi kamojesi kamaisi rare partitive kamaasi kamojasi inessive kamassasi kamoissasi elative kamastasi kamoistasi illative kamaasi kamoihisi adessive kamallasi kamoillasi ablative kamaltasi kamoiltasi allative kamallesi kamoillesi essive kamanasi kamoinasi translative kamaksesi kamoiksesi abessive kamattasi kamoittasi instructive — — comitative — kamoinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative kamamme kamamme accusative nom. kamamme kamamme gen. kamamme genitive kamamme kamojemme kamaimme rare partitive kamaamme kamojamme inessive kamassamme kamoissamme elative kamastamme kamoistamme illative kamaamme kamoihimme adessive kamallamme kamoillamme ablative kamaltamme kamoiltamme allative kamallemme kamoillemme essive kamanamme kamoinamme translative kamaksemme kamoiksemme abessive kamattamme kamoittamme instructive — — comitative — kamoinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative kamanne kamanne accusative nom. kamanne kamanne gen. kamanne genitive kamanne kamojenne kamainne rare partitive kamaanne kamojanne inessive kamassanne kamoissanne elative kamastanne kamoistanne illative kamaanne kamoihinne adessive kamallanne kamoillanne ablative kamaltanne kamoiltanne allative kamallenne kamoillenne essive kamananne kamoinanne translative kamaksenne kamoiksenne abessive kamattanne kamoittanne instructive — — comitative — kamoinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative kamansa kamansa accusative nom. kamansa kamansa gen. kamansa genitive kamansa kamojensa kamainsa rare partitive kamaansa kamojaan kamojansa inessive kamassaan kamassansa kamoissaan kamoissansa elative kamastaan kamastansa kamoistaan kamoistansa illative kamaansa kamoihinsa adessive kamallaan kamallansa kamoillaan kamoillansa ablative kamaltaan kamaltansa kamoiltaan kamoiltansa allative kamalleen kamallensa kamoilleen kamoillensa essive kamanaan kamanansa kamoinaan kamoinansa translative kamakseen kamaksensa kamoikseen kamoiksensa abessive kamattaan kamattansa kamoittaan kamoittansa instructive — — comitative — kamoineen kamoinensa

Synonyms

• (stuff): tavara, roju, rihkama

Derived terms

compounds

• arvokama
• lällärikama
• museokama
• pintakama

 

Further reading

• “kama”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja‎^[3] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

Garo

Verb

kama

1. (transitive) to burn

Related terms

• soa (intransitive)

Indonesian

Etymology

From Sanskrit काम (kāma, “love”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *káHmas (“desire”), from Proto-Indo-European *kóh₂-mo-s, from *keh₂- (“to desire, wish”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ka.ma/
• Hyphenation: ka‧ma

Noun

kama

1. love, especially sexual love or sensuality.
2. personification of love or desire as deity.

Related terms

• kama loka
• kama sutra

 

Further reading

• “kama” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Jamamadí

Verb

kama

1. (Banawá) to come

References

• 2007. The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Department of Linguistics.

Japanese

Romanization

kama

1. Rōmaji transcription of かま

Kabuverdianu

Etymology

From Portuguese cama.

Noun

kama

1. bed

Kavalan

Etymology

Borrowed from Hokkien 柑仔 (kam-á, “tangerine”).

Noun

kama

1. orange; tangerine

Kituba

Verb

kama

1. to milk

Lele (Chad)

Noun

kāmā

1. water

References

• Takács, Gábor (2007) Etymological Dictionary of Egyptian, volume 3, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 201, →ISBN:

  […] we should carefully distinguish the following Ch. roots from AA *m-ˀ "water" [GT]:

  (1) Ch. *h-m "water" [GT]: […] Lele kāmā [Gowers], […]

• Etudes berbères et chamito-sémitiques: mélanges offerts à Karl-G. Prasse (2000, →ISBN, page 38

Luba-Kasai

Verb

kama

1. to milk

Maranao

Etymology 1

Noun

kama

1. breastplate

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Spanish cama (“bed”).

Noun

kama

1. bed, cot

References

• A Maranao Dictionary, by Howard P. McKaughan and Batua A. Macaraya

Mokilese

Pronoun

kama

1. first person dual exclusive pronoun; the two of us, but not you

See also

Mokilese personal pronouns

singular	first person		ngoah, ngoahi
	second person		koah, koawoa
	third person		ih
dual	first person inclusive		kisa
	first person exclusive		kama
	second person		kamwa
	third person		ara, ira
plural	first person inclusive		kisai
	first person exclusive		kamai
	second person		kamwai
	third person		arai, irai
remote plural	first person inclusive		kihs
	first person exclusive		kimi
	second person		kimwi
	third person		ihr

Old Tupi

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kam, from Proto-Tupian *ᵑkam.

Cognate with Paraguayan Guaraní káma.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkã.ma/
• Rhymes: -ãma
• Hyphenation: ka‧ma

Noun

kama (possessable)

1. breast (milk-producing organ)
2. breast; chest (front of the human thorax)

   Synonym: poti'a

3. (of animals) teat; udder

Related terms

• kamapûá
• kamasary
• kambeba
• kambora
• kamby
• kambyk

 

Descendants

• Nheengatu: kama

Further reading

Eduardo de Almeida Navarro (2013) “kama”, in Dicionário de tupi antigo: a língua indígena clássica do Brasil (overall work in Portuguese), São Paulo: Global, →ISBN, page 213, column 1

Ontong Java

Noun

kama

1. human
2. man
3. person

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• 𑀓𑀫 (Brahmi script)
• कम (Devanagari script)
• কম (Bengali script)
• කම (Sinhalese script)
• ကမ or ၵမ (Burmese script)
• กม or กะมะ (Thai script)
• ᨠᨾ (Tai Tham script)
• ກມ or ກະມະ (Lao script)
• កម (Khmer script)
• 𑄇𑄟 (Chakma script)

Verb

kama

1. second-person singular imperative active of kamati (“to walk”)

Papiamentu

Etymology

From Portuguese cama and Spanish cama and Kabuverdianu kama.

Noun

kama

1. bed

Rwanda-Rundi

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-káma.

Verb

-káma (infinitive gukáma, perfective -kámye)

1. to milk

Derived terms

• umukamyi

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology 1

From Japanese 鎌 (kama, “sickle, scythe”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kâma/
• Hyphenation: ka‧ma

Noun

kȁma f (Cyrillic spelling ка̏ма)

1. kama

Declension

Declension of kama

	singular	plural
nominative	kȁma	kame
genitive	kame	kȃmā
dative	kami	kamama
accusative	kamu	kame
vocative	kamo	kame
locative	kami	kamama
instrumental	kamom	kamama

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish قامه (kama).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kâma/
• Hyphenation: ka‧ma

Noun

kȁma f (Cyrillic spelling ка̏ма)

1. a kind of dagger

Declension

Declension of kama

	singular	plural
nominative	kama	kame
genitive	kame	kama
dative	kami	kamama
accusative	kamu	kame
vocative	kamo	kame
locative	kami	kamama
instrumental	kamom	kamama

Etymology 3

From Sanskrit काम (kā́ma).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kâːma/
• Hyphenation: ka‧ma

Noun

kȃma m (Cyrillic spelling ка̑ма)

1. (Hinduism) one of the four main goals of the material existence

Declension

Declension of kama

	singular	plural
nominative	kama	kame
genitive	kame	kama
dative	kami	kamama
accusative	kamu	kame
vocative	kamo	kame
locative	kami	kamama
instrumental	kamom	kamama

References

• “kama”, in Hrvatski jezični portal (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2024
• “kama”, in Hrvatski jezični portal (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2024
• “kama”, in Hrvatski jezični portal (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2024

Shona

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-káma.

Verb

-kámá (infinitive kukámá)

1. to milk

Swahili

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic كَمَا (kamā).

Conjunction

kama

1. as

   Synonym: mithili

   Kama ulivyosema. ― As you said.

2. if

   Synonym: ikiwa

Preposition

kama

1. like, as
   • 1973, Mohammed S. Abdulla, Duniani kuna watu, page 3:

     […] lakini alipofika katikati, alisimama ghafla, kama mtu mwenye wasiwasi na shaka juu ya hilo linalompeleka darini kwa baba yake wakati ule.

     […] but when he reached the middle, he stopped suddenly, like a person worried and doubtful about that which had him going to his father's attic at that time.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Bantu *-káma.

Verb

-kama (infinitive kukama)

1. to milk

Conjugation

Conjugation of -kama
Positive present -nakama Subjunctive -kame Negative -kami Imperative singular kama
Infinitives
Positive kukama Negative kutokama
Imperatives
Singular kama Plural kameni
Tensed forms
Habitual hukama Positive past positive subject concord + -likama Negative past negative subject concord + -kukama
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nakama) Singular Plural 1st person ninakama/nakama tunakama 2nd person unakama mnakama 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anakama wanakama other classes positive subject concord + -nakama
Negative present (negative subject concord + -kami) Singular Plural 1st person sikami hatukami 2nd person hukami hamkami 3rd person m-wa(I/II) hakami hawakami other classes negative subject concord + -kami
Positive future positive subject concord + -takama Negative future negative subject concord + -takama
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -kame) Singular Plural 1st person nikame tukame 2nd person ukame mkame 3rd person m-wa(I/II) akame wakame other classes positive subject concord + -kame
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sikame Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngekama Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singekama Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalikama Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalikama
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -akama) Singular Plural 1st person nakama twakama 2nd person wakama mwakama 3rd person m-wa(I/II) akama wakama m-mi(III/IV) wakama yakama ji-ma(V/VI) lakama yakama ki-vi(VII/VIII) chakama vyakama n(IX/X) yakama zakama u(XI) wakama see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwakama pa(XVI) pakama mu(XVIII) mwakama
Perfect positive subject concord + -mekama "Already" positive subject concord + -meshakama "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jakama "If/When" positive subject concord + -kikama "If not" positive subject concord + -sipokama Consecutive kakama / positive subject concord + -kakama Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kakame
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -nikama -tukama 2nd person -kukama -wakama/-kukameni/-wakameni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mkama -wakama m-mi(III/IV) -ukama -ikama ji-ma(V/VI) -likama -yakama ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kikama -vikama n(IX/X) -ikama -zikama u(XI) -ukama see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kukama pa(XVI) -pakama mu(XVIII) -mukama Reflexive -jikama
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -kama- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -kamaye -kamao m-mi(III/IV) -kamao -kamayo ji-ma(V/VI) -kamalo -kamayo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kamacho -kamavyo n(IX/X) -kamayo -kamazo u(XI) -kamao see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kamako pa(XVI) -kamapo mu(XVIII) -kamamo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -kama) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yekama -okama m-mi(III/IV) -okama -yokama ji-ma(V/VI) -lokama -yokama ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chokama -vyokama n(IX/X) -yokama -zokama u(XI) -okama see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kokama pa(XVI) -pokama mu(XVIII) -mokama
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Tagalog

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish cama, from Late Latin cama.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ˈkama/ [ˈkaː.mɐ]
• Rhymes: -ama
• Syllabification: ka‧ma

Noun

kama (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜋ)

1. bed

   Synonyms: higaan, katre

Derived terms

• kamang punlaan

 

Further reading

• “kama”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

Anagrams

• amak, akma, Maka, maka-

Turkish

Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish قامه (kama).

Noun

kama (definite accusative kamayı, plural kamalar)

1. wedge
2. dagger

Xhosa

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

-kama^?

1. to brush hair

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.