ona

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ona"

Azerbaijani

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Pronoun

ona

1. dative of o

Basque

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Adjective

ona

1. absolutive singular of on

Catalan

Etymology

Inherited from Latin unda, from Proto-Indo-European *unt-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [ˈo.nə]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [ˈo.na]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ona

Noun

ona f (plural ones)

1. wave

Derived terms

• microona
• ona curta
• ona de ràdio
• ona llarga
• ona mitjana
• ona portadora
• onada
• oneig
• onejar

 

Related terms

• ondós

References

• “ona” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “ona”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
• “ona” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “ona” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Chickasaw

Noun

ona

1. tomorrow

Choctaw

Verb

ona

1. to go

Czech

Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech ona, from Proto-Slavic *ona.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈona]

• Audio:

  (file)

Pronoun

ona f

1. she (third person feminine singular personal pronoun)

Declension

Declension of ona (sg-only feminine pronoun)

	singular
nominative	ona
genitive	jí, ní1
dative	jí, ní1
accusative	ji, ni1
vocative	—
locative	ní1
instrumental	jí, ní1

¹After a preposition.

Pronoun

ona n pl

1. they (third person neuter plural personal pronoun)

Declension

Declension of ona (pl-only neuter pronoun)

	plural
nominative	ona
genitive	jich, nich1
dative	jim, nim1
accusative	je, ně1
vocative	—
locative	nich1
instrumental	jimi, nimi1

¹After a preposition.

Related terms

Czech personal pronouns

		singular	plural
1st person		já	my
2nd person	familiar	ty	vy
	polite	vy
3rd person	m	on	oni*
	f	ona	ony
	n	ono	ona
reflexive		sebe, se (clitic)
* animate referents only, for inanimate ones ony is used.

Pronoun

ona

1. inflection of onen:
   1. nominative feminine singular
   2. nominative/accusative neuter plural

Further reading

• “ona”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “ona”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
• “ona”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)

Garo

Verb

ona

1. to be low (not high)
2. to be low, humble
3. to be short (not tall)
4. to descend

Antonyms

• chua

Hawaiian

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈo.na/, [ˈo.nə]

Pronoun

ona

1. his, her, its (o-type possessive)

Usage notes

• Used after negatives, numbers, locative nouns, certain prepositions, and after nouns preceded by an article or a k-determiner.

Related terms

• kona

Verb

ona

1. (transitive) infatuated, attracted

Japanese

Romanization

ona

1. Rōmaji transcription of おな

Kikuyu

Etymology

Hinde (1904) records kuona “find” and kuonna “see” as equivalents of English find and see in “Jogowini dialect” of Kikuyu, listing also Swahili kuona (“to find, to see”) as their equivalent.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɔna/

Verb

ona (infinitive kuona or kũona)

1. to see
2. to find
3. to get into, to find oneself (unusual situation)

Synonyms

• (to see): kũrora

Derived terms

(Verbs)

• kuonana
• kuonia

(Nouns)

• kĩoneki class 7

(Proverbs)

• kũona kĩmera ti kuo gũkĩrĩa
• kuona kuonagia mũndũ njĩra

Northern Ndebele

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-jóna.

Verb

-óma

1. to spoil
2. to sin

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Old Czech

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ona.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (13^th CE) /ˈona/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /ˈona/

Pronoun

ona f sg or m du or n pl (third person)

1. she (feminine singular)
2. they two (masculine dual)
3. they (neuter plural)

Declension

Declension of the third-person pronouns (around AD 1300)

Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	on	ona	ono
Genitive	jeho, (j)ho, ň(e)ho	jie, nie	jeho, (j)ho, ň(e)ho
Dative	jemu, (j)mu, ňemu	jí, jiej, ní, niej	jemu, (j)mu, ňemu
Accusative	jej, jen, ji, jeho, (j)ho -ň, ňej, ňen, ni, ň(e)ho	ju, ňu	je, ňe + later masculine
Locative	ňem	ní, niej	ňem
Instrumental	jím, ním	jú, ňú	jím, ním
Possessive	jeho	(je)jie, jejílater	jeho
Dual	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	ona	oně
Genitive	jú, ňú
Dative	jima, nima
Accusative	jě, ně	ji, ni
Locative	ňú
Instrumental	jima, nima
Possessive	(je)jú
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	oni	ony	ona
Genitive	jich, nich
Dative	jim, nim
Accusative	jě, ně
Locative	nich
Instrumental	jimi, nimi
Possessive	(je)jich

Descendants

• Czech: ona

Pronoun

ona

1. inflection of onen:
   1. nominative feminine singular
   2. nominative/accusative masculine dual
   3. nominative/accusative neuter plural

Polish

Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish ona. The oblique case forms come from Proto-Slavic *ja.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɔ.na/

• Audio 1:

  (file)

• Audio 2:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɔna
• Syllabification: o‧na

Pronoun

ona f (masculine on, neuter ono)

1. she (for animate nouns), it (for inanimate feminine nouns)

Declension

Declension of ona

	singular
nominative	ona
genitive	jej/niej
dative	jej/niej
accusative	ją/nią
instrumental	nią
locative	niej
vocative	—

See also

• Appendix:Polish pronouns

Further reading

• ona in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ona.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ǒna/
• Hyphenation: o‧na

Pronoun

òna (Cyrillic spelling о̀на)

1. she
2. they (nominative plural of òno (“it”))

Declension

    Inflection of 3rd-person pronouns

	Singular			Plural
	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
nominative	ȏn	òna	òno	òni	òne	òna
genitive	njȅga, ga	njȇ, je	njȅga, ga	njȋh, ih	njȋh, ih	njȋh, ih
dative	njȅmu, mu	njȏj, joj	njȅmu, mu	njȉma, im	njȉma, im	njȉma, im
accusative	njȅga, ga, nj	njȗ, ju, je	njȅga, ga, nj	njȋh, ih	njȋh, ih	njȋh, ih
vocative	—	—	—	—	—	—
locative	njȅm, njȅmu	njȏj	njȅm, njȅmu	njȉma	njȉma	njȉma
instrumental	njȋm, njíme	njȏm, njóme	njȋm, njíme	njȉma	njȉma	njȉma

Shona

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-bóna. Cognate to Zulu -bona.

Verb

-óná (infinitive kuóná)

1. to see

Slovak

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ona.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɔna]

Pronoun

ona f

1. feminine nominative singular of on (“she”)

Declension

Declension of ona

	singulare tantum
nominative	ona
genitive	jej／nej
dative	jej／nej
accusative	ju／ňu
locative	nej
instrumental	ňou

Related terms

Slovak personal pronouns

		substantive		possessive
		singular	plural	singular	plural
1st person		ja	my	môj	náš
2nd person	familiar	ty	vy	tvoj	váš
	polite	vy		váš
3rd person	m	on	oni*／ony	jeho	ich
	f	ona		jej
	n	ono		jeho
reflexive		seba, sa (clitic)		svoj
* masculine animate only, ony otherwise.

Further reading

• “ona”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2024

Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *ona.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɔ̀ːna/

Pronoun

óna

1. she
2. nominative plural of ono

Inflection

Fourth feminine declension (adjectival endings), fixed accent, highly irregular Stressed ("naglasne") forms
nominative imenovȃlnik	óna	ónidve, onẹ̑dve	óne, onẹ̑
genitive rodȋlnik	njẹ́	njȋju, njȉh, njȗ	njȉh
dative dajȃlnik	njēj, njȅj, njȉ	njȋma	njȉm
accusative tožȋlnik	njọ̄	njȋju, njȉh, njȗ	njȉh, njẹ̑
locative mẹ̑stnik	njēj, njȅj, njȉ	njȋju, njȉh	njȉh
instrumental orọ̑dnik	njọ́	njȋma	njȋmi
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	ȏna	ȏnidve, onẹ̑dve	óne, onẹ̑

Unstressed ("naslonske") forms
	singular	dual	plural
genitive rodȋlnik	je	ju, jih	jih
dative dajȃlnik	ji	jima	jim
accusative tožȋlnik	jo	ju	jih

Binding ("navezne / predložne") accusative forms
	singular	dual	plural
unstressed	-njo	-nju	-nje
stressed	–	–	njẹ̑, njȉh

See also

Slovene personal pronouns

			singular	dual	plural
1st person		m	jaz	midva	mi
		f or n		medve, midve	me
2nd person	familiar tikanje	m	ti	vidva	vi
		f or n		vedve, vidve	ve
3rd person		m	on	onadva	oni
		f	ona	onedve, onidve	one
		n	ono	onedve, onidve	ona
Polite forms (not differentiated in dual and plural)					singular
polite vikanje – instead of 2nd person, binds with forms for 2rd person plural masculine					vi, Vi
very polite onikanje – instead of 2nd or 3rd person, binds with forms for 3rd person plural masculine (archaic)					oni
hyper polite onokanje – instead of 2nd person, binds with forms for 3rd person singular neuter (obsolete)					ono
patriarchal onkanje – instead of 2nd person, binds with forms for 3rd person singular masculine (obsolete)					on

Further reading

• “ona”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
• “ona”, in Termania, Amebis
• See also the general references

Southern Ndebele

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-jóna.

Verb

-ôna

1. to destroy, to damage, to spoil

Inflection

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Swahili

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-bóna. Cognate to Zulu -bona.

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

Verb

-ona (infinitive kuona)

1. to see, to find
2. to feel, to perceive

Conjugation

Conjugation of -ona
Positive present -naona Subjunctive -one Negative -oni Imperative singular ona
Infinitives
Positive kuona Negative kutoona
Imperatives
Singular ona Plural oneni
Tensed forms
Habitual huona Positive past positive subject concord + -liona Negative past negative subject concord + -kuona
Positive present (positive subject concord + -naona) Singular Plural 1st person ninaona/naona tunaona 2nd person unaona mnaona 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anaona wanaona other classes positive subject concord + -naona
Negative present (negative subject concord + -oni) Singular Plural 1st person sioni hatuoni 2nd person huoni hamwoni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) haoni hawaoni other classes negative subject concord + -oni
Positive future positive subject concord + -taona Negative future negative subject concord + -taona
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -one) Singular Plural 1st person nione tuone 2nd person uone mwone 3rd person m-wa(I/II) aone waone other classes positive subject concord + -one
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sione Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngeona Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singeona Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngaliona Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singaliona
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -aona) Singular Plural 1st person naona twaona 2nd person waona mwaona 3rd person m-wa(I/II) aona waona m-mi(III/IV) waona yaona ji-ma(V/VI) laona yaona ki-vi(VII/VIII) chaona vyaona n(IX/X) yaona zaona u(XI) waona see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwaona pa(XVI) paona mu(XVIII) mwaona
Perfect positive subject concord + -meona "Already" positive subject concord + -meshaona "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jaona "If/When" positive subject concord + -kiona "If not" positive subject concord + -sipoona Consecutive kaona / positive subject concord + -kaona Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kaone
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -niona -tuona 2nd person -kuona -waona/-kuoneni/-waoneni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mwona -waona m-mi(III/IV) -uona -iona ji-ma(V/VI) -liona -yaona ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kiona -viona n(IX/X) -iona -ziona u(XI) -uona see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kuona pa(XVI) -paona mu(XVIII) -muona Reflexive -jiona
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -ona- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -onaye -onao m-mi(III/IV) -onao -onayo ji-ma(V/VI) -onalo -onayo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -onacho -onavyo n(IX/X) -onayo -onazo u(XI) -onao see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -onako pa(XVI) -onapo mu(XVIII) -onamo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -ona) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yeona -oona m-mi(III/IV) -oona -yoona ji-ma(V/VI) -loona -yoona ki-vi(VII/VIII) -choona -vyoona n(IX/X) -yoona -zoona u(XI) -oona see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -koona pa(XVI) -poona mu(XVIII) -moona
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

• Verbal derivations:
  • Applicative: -onea (“look at; feel toward; be hostile to”)
  • Causative: -onesha, -onyesha (“show”)
  • Passive: -onwa (“be seen”)
  • Reciprocal: -onana, -onekana (“be visible; seem”)
  • Other formations: -onya (“warn, admonish”)

• Nominal derivations:
  • maoni (“opinion, comment”)
  • maono (“image”)

Swedish

Noun

ona

1. definite plural of o

Anagrams

• Noa

Tok Pisin

Etymology

From English honor.

Noun

ona

1. honor; glory; praise

Tokelauan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈo.na]
• Hyphenation: o‧na

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Samoan ʻona.

Conjunction

ona

1. because

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Samoan ona.

Particle

ona

1. Introduces subordinate clauses after mafai, tatau, faigatā and faigofie.

Etymology 3

From Proto-Polynesian *o-na. Cognates include Hawaiian ona and Samoan ona.

Pronoun

o ona

1. (inalienable) his, hers

See also

Tokelauan possessive pronouns

Inalienable (O-type)
	singular	dual		plural
		long	short
1st person (excl.)	o oku, o kita1	o māua	o mā	o mātou
1st person (incl.)	―	o tāua	o tā	o tātou
2nd person	o ōu, o koe	o koulua		o koutou
3rd person	o ona	o lāua	o lā	o lātou
Alienable (A-type)
	singular	dual		plural
		long	short
1st person (excl.)	a aku, a kita1	a māua	a mā	a mātou
1st person (incl.)	―	a tāua	a tā	a tātou
2nd person	a āu, a koe	a koulua		a koutou
3rd person	a ana	a lāua	a lā	a lātou
1) Sympathetic *) Only the singular pronouns differ from the personal pronouns

Determiner

ona

1. (inalienable) his, her
   • 1948, Tūlāfono fakavae a Tokelau‎^[1], page 1:

     Ko te fakavae tenei e matea i nā nuku ma kafai ona tagata e faifaimea fakatahi, ma nonofo fakatahi i te filemu ma te fiafia.

     This foundation is recognised in the villages and if its people repeatedly do things together, and [if] they live together in peace and happiness.

See also

Tokelauan possessive determiners

	Definite inalienable (O-type)
	singular reference				plural reference
	sg	du		pl	sg	du		pl
		long	short			long	short
1st person (excl.)	toku, tota1	to māua	to mā	to mātou	oku, ota1	o māua	o mā	o mātou
1st person (incl.)	―	to tāua	to tā	to tātou	―	o tāua	o tā	o tātou
2nd person	tō	toulua		toutou	ō	oulua		outou
3rd person	tona	to lāua	to lā	to lātou	ona	o lāua	o lā	o lātou
	Definite alienable (A-type)
	singular reference				plural reference
	sg	du		pl	sg	du		pl
		long	short			long	short
1st person (excl.)	taku, tata1	ta māua	ta mā	ta mātou	aku, ata1	a māua	a mā	a mātou
1st person (incl.)	―	ta tāua	ta tā	ta tātou	―	a tāua	a tā	a tātou
2nd person	tau	taulua		tautou	au	aulua		autou
3rd person	tana	ta lāua	ta lā	ta lātou	ana	a lāua	a lā	a lātou
	Indefinite inalienable (O-type)
	singular reference				plural reference
	sg	du		pl	sg	du		pl
		long	short			long	short
1st person (excl.)	hoku, hota1	ho māua	ho mā	ho mātou	ni oku, ni ota1	ni o māua	ni o mā	ni o mātou
1st person (incl.)	―	ho tāua	ho tā	ho tātou	―	ni o tāua	ni o tā	ni o tātou
2nd person	hō	houlua		houtou	ni ō	ni oulua		ni outou
3rd person	hona	ho lāua	ho lā	ho lātou	ni ona	ni o lāua	ni o lā	ni o lātou
	Indefinite alienable (A-type)
	singular reference				plural reference
	sg	du		pl	sg	du		pl
		long	short			long	short
1st person (excl.)	haku, hata1	ha māua	ha mā	ha mātou	ni aku, ni ata1	ni a māua	ni a mā	ni a mātou
1st person (incl.)	―	ha tāua	ha tā	ha tātou	―	ni a tāua	ni a tā	ni a tātou
2nd person	hau	haulua		hautou	ni au	ni aulua		ni autou
3rd person	hana	ha lāua	ha lā	ha lātou	ni ana	ni a lāua	ni a lā	ni a lātou
1) Sympathetic

References

• R. Simona, editor (1986), Tokelau Dictionary‎^[2], Auckland: Office of Tokelau Affairs, page 37

Tooro

Etymology

Inherited from Common Bantu *jónà, variant of Proto-Bantu *-ncè (*-ncè > *-jéncè > *-jóncè > *-jóncà > *-jónà).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /óːna/

Determiner

-ona

1. all, whole, entire

   omuti gwona ― (the) whole tree

   abantu boona ― all (the) people

2. (in the singular) any, every

   Synonym: buli

   omuti gwona ― every tree

Inflection

Inflected forms of -ona

Person		Singular	Plural
1st person		nyeena	itwena
2nd person		weena	inywena
3rd person	1/2	weena	boona
	3/4	gwona	yoona
	5/6	lyona	goona
	7/8	kyona	byona
	9/10	yoona	zoona
	11/10	rwona
	12/14	koona	bwona
	13		twona
	14/6	bwona	goona
	15/6	kwona
	16	hoona

References

1. Kaji, Shigeki (2007) A Rutooro Vocabulary‎^[3], Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), →ISBN, pages 433-434
2. Entry 3548 at Bantu Lexical Reconstructions 3

Turkish

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Pronoun

ona

1. to him

Uzbek

Other scripts
Yangi Imlo
Cyrillic	она‍
Latin	ona‍
Perso-Arabic (Afghanistan)	آنه

Etymology

Inherited from Chagatai [Term?], from Proto-Turkic *ana (“mother”). Cognate with Uyghur ئانا / ana / ана (ana).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɒ.na/, [ɒ̽.nɐ]
• Hyphenation: o‧na

Noun

ona (plural onalar)

1. mother

Declension

Declension of ona

	singular	plural
nominative	ona	onalar
genitive	onaning	onalarning
dative	onaga	onalarga
definite accusative	onani	onalarni
locative	onada	onalarda
ablative	onadan	onalardan
similative	onadek	onalardek

Possessive forms of ona

my	singular	plural
nominative	onam	onalarim
genitive	onamning	onalarimning
dative	onamga	onalarimga
definite accusative	onamni	onalarimni
locative	onamda	onalarimda
ablative	onamdan	onalarimdan
similative	onamdek	onalarimdek
your	singular	plural
nominative	onang	onalaring
genitive	onangning	onalaringning
dative	onangga	onalaringga
definite accusative	onangni	onalaringni
locative	onangda	onalaringda
ablative	onangdan	onalaringdan
similative	onangdek	onalaringdek
her/his/its	singular	plural
nominative	onasi	onalari
genitive	onasining	onalarining
dative	onasiga	onalariga
definite accusative	onasini	onalarini
locative	onasida	onalarida
ablative	onasidan	onalaridan
similative	onasidek	onalaridek
our	singular	plural
nominative	onamiz	onalarimiz
genitive	onamizning	onalarimizning
dative	onamizga	onalarimizga
definite accusative	onamizni	onalarimizni
locative	onamizda	onalarimizda
ablative	onamizdan	onalarimizdan
similative	onamizdek	onalarimizdek
your	singular	plural
nominative	onangiz	onalaringiz
genitive	onangizning	onalaringizning
dative	onangizga	onalaringizga
definite accusative	onangizni	onalaringizni
locative	onangizda	onalaringizda
ablative	onangizdan	onalaringizdan
similative	onangizdek	onalaringizdek
their	singular	plural
nominative	onasi	onalari
genitive	onasining	onalarining
dative	onasiga	onalariga
definite accusative	onasini	onalarini
locative	onasida	onalarida
ablative	onasidan	onalaridan	similative	onasidek	onalaridek

Vilamovian

Etymology

From Middle High German āne, from Old High German āna, ānu, āno (“without”), from Proto-Germanic *ēnu, *ēnō (“without”), from Proto-Indo-European *anew, *enew (“without”). Cognate with German ohne.

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Preposition

ona

1. without, lacking

Volapük

Pronoun

ona

1. (possessive) (genitive singular of on) its

Synonyms

• onik

Xhosa

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-jóna.

Verb

-ôna

1. (transitive) to do wrong
2. (intransitive) to sin

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Zulu

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-jóna.

Verb

-ôna

1. (transitive) to ruin, to spoil
2. (intransitive) to sin

Inflection

Tone HH
Infinitive	ukona
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukona	ukungoni
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	yona	-one
Plural	yonani	-oneni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyona, ngona	engonayo, engona	ngona	angoni	engingoni	ngingoni
2nd singular	uyona, wona	owonayo, owona	wona	awoni	ongoni	ungoni
1st plural	siyona, sona	esonayo, esona	sona	asoni	esingoni	singoni
2nd plural	niyona, nona	enonayo, enona	nona	anoni	eningoni	ningoni
Class 1	uyona, wona	owonayo, owona	ona	akoni	ongoni	engoni
Class 2	bayona, bona	abonayo, abona	bona	aboni	abangoni	bengoni
Class 3	uyona, wona	owonayo, owona	wona	awoni	ongoni	ungoni
Class 4	iyona, yona	eyonayo, eyona	yona	ayoni	engoni	ingoni
Class 5	liyona, lona	elonayo, elona	lona	aloni	elingoni	lingoni
Class 6	ayona, ona	onayo, ona	ona	awoni	angoni	engoni
Class 7	siyona, sona	esonayo, esona	sona	asoni	esingoni	singoni
Class 8	ziyona, zona	ezonayo, ezona	zona	azoni	ezingoni	zingoni
Class 9	iyona, yona	eyonayo, eyona	yona	ayoni	engoni	ingoni
Class 10	ziyona, zona	ezonayo, ezona	zona	azoni	ezingoni	zingoni
Class 11	luyona, lona	olonayo, olona	lona	aloni	olungoni	lungoni
Class 14	buyona, bona	obonayo, obona	bona	aboni	obungoni	bungoni
Class 15	kuyona, kona	okonayo, okona	kona	akoni	okungoni	kungoni
Class 17	kuyona, kona	okonayo, okona	kona	akoni	okungoni	kungoni
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngonile, ngonē	engonile, engonē	ngonile, ngonē	angonanga	engingonanga	ngingonanga
2nd singular	wonile, wonē	owonile, owonē	wonile, wonē	awonanga	ongonanga	ungonanga
1st plural	sonile, sonē	esonile, esonē	sonile, sonē	asonanga	esingonanga	singonanga
2nd plural	nonile, nonē	enonile, enonē	nonile, nonē	anonanga	eningonanga	ningonanga
Class 1	wonile, wonē	owonile, owonē	onile, onē	akonanga	ongonanga	engonanga
Class 2	bonile, bonē	abonile, abonē	bonile, bonē	abonanga	abangonanga	bengonanga
Class 3	wonile, wonē	owonile, owonē	wonile, wonē	awonanga	ongonanga	ungonanga
Class 4	yonile, yonē	eyonile, eyonē	yonile, yonē	ayonanga	engonanga	ingonanga
Class 5	lonile, lonē	elonile, elonē	lonile, lonē	alonanga	elingonanga	lingonanga
Class 6	onile, onē	onile, onē	onile, onē	awonanga	angonanga	engonanga
Class 7	sonile, sonē	esonile, esonē	sonile, sonē	asonanga	esingonanga	singonanga
Class 8	zonile, zonē	ezonile, ezonē	zonile, zonē	azonanga	ezingonanga	zingonanga
Class 9	yonile, yonē	eyonile, eyonē	yonile, yonē	ayonanga	engonanga	ingonanga
Class 10	zonile, zonē	ezonile, ezonē	zonile, zonē	azonanga	ezingonanga	zingonanga
Class 11	lonile, lonē	olonile, olonē	lonile, lonē	alonanga	olungonanga	lungonanga
Class 14	bonile, bonē	obonile, obonē	bonile, bonē	abonanga	obungonanga	bungonanga
Class 15	konile, konē	okonile, okonē	konile, konē	akonanga	okungonanga	kungonanga
Class 17	konile, konē	okonile, okonē	konile, konē	akonanga	okungonanga	kungonanga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngōna	engōna	ngōna	angonanga	engingonanga	ngingonanga
2nd singular	wōna	owōna	wōna	awonanga	ongonanga	ungonanga
1st plural	sōna	esōna	sōna	asonanga	esingonanga	singonanga
2nd plural	nōna	enōna	nōna	anonanga	eningonanga	ningonanga
Class 1	wōna	owōna	ōna	akonanga	ongonanga	engonanga
Class 2	bōna	abōna	bōna	abonanga	abangonanga	bengonanga
Class 3	wōna	owōna	wōna	awonanga	ongonanga	ungonanga
Class 4	yōna	eyōna	yōna	ayonanga	engonanga	ingonanga
Class 5	lōna	elōna	lōna	alonanga	elingonanga	lingonanga
Class 6	ōna	ōna	ōna	awonanga	angonanga	engonanga
Class 7	sōna	esōna	sōna	asonanga	esingonanga	singonanga
Class 8	zōna	ezōna	zōna	azonanga	ezingonanga	zingonanga
Class 9	yōna	eyōna	yōna	ayonanga	engonanga	ingonanga
Class 10	zōna	ezōna	zōna	azonanga	ezingonanga	zingonanga
Class 11	lōna	olōna	lōna	alonanga	olungonanga	lungonanga
Class 14	bōna	obōna	bōna	abonanga	obungonanga	bungonanga
Class 15	kōna	okōna	kōna	akonanga	okungonanga	kungonanga
Class 17	kōna	okōna	kōna	akonanga	okungonanga	kungonanga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingona	—	ngingona	ngingone	—	ngingone
2nd singular	ungona	—	ungona	ungone	—	ungone
1st plural	singona	—	singona	singone	—	singone
2nd plural	ningona	—	ningona	ningone	—	ningone
Class 1	angona	—	engona	angone	—	engone
Class 2	bangona	—	bengona	bangone	—	bengone
Class 3	ungona	—	ungona	ungone	—	ungone
Class 4	ingona	—	ingona	ingone	—	ingone
Class 5	lingona	—	lingona	lingone	—	lingone
Class 6	angona	—	engona	angone	—	engone
Class 7	singona	—	singona	singone	—	singone
Class 8	zingona	—	zingona	zingone	—	zingone
Class 9	ingona	—	ingona	ingone	—	ingone
Class 10	zingona	—	zingona	zingone	—	zingone
Class 11	lungona	—	lungona	lungone	—	lungone
Class 14	bungona	—	bungona	bungone	—	bungone
Class 15	kungona	—	kungona	kungone	—	kungone
Class 17	kungona	—	kungona	kungone	—	kungone
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizokona	engizokona	ngizokona	angizukona	engingezukona	ngingezukona
2nd singular	uzokona	ozokona	uzokona	awuzukona	ongezukona	ungezukona
1st plural	sizokona	esizokona	sizokona	asizukona	esingezukona	singezukona
2nd plural	nizokona	enizokona	nizokona	anizukona	eningezukona	ningezukona
Class 1	uzokona	ozokona	ezokona	akazukona	ongezukona	engezukona
Class 2	bazokona	abazokona	bezokona	abazukona	abangezukona	bengezukona
Class 3	uzokona	ozokona	uzokona	awuzukona	ongezukona	ungezukona
Class 4	izokona	ezokona	izokona	ayizukona	engezukona	ingezukona
Class 5	lizokona	elizokona	lizokona	alizukona	elingezukona	lingezukona
Class 6	azokona	azokona	ezokona	awazukona	angezukona	engezukona
Class 7	sizokona	esizokona	sizokona	asizukona	esingezukona	singezukona
Class 8	zizokona	ezizokona	zizokona	azizukona	ezingezukona	zingezukona
Class 9	izokona	ezokona	izokona	ayizukona	engezukona	ingezukona
Class 10	zizokona	ezizokona	zizokona	azizukona	ezingezukona	zingezukona
Class 11	luzokona	oluzokona	luzokona	aluzukona	olungezukona	lungezukona
Class 14	buzokona	obuzokona	buzokona	abuzukona	obungezukona	bungezukona
Class 15	kuzokona	okuzokona	kuzokona	akuzukona	okungezukona	kungezukona
Class 17	kuzokona	okuzokona	kuzokona	akuzukona	okungezukona	kungezukona
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyokona	engiyokona	ngiyokona	angiyukona	engingeyukona	ngingeyukona
2nd singular	uyokona	oyokona	uyokona	awuyukona	ongeyukona	ungeyukona
1st plural	siyokona	esiyokona	siyokona	asiyukona	esingeyukona	singeyukona
2nd plural	niyokona	eniyokona	niyokona	aniyukona	eningeyukona	ningeyukona
Class 1	uyokona	oyokona	eyokona	akayukona	ongeyukona	engeyukona
Class 2	bayokona	abayokona	beyokona	abayukona	abangeyukona	bengeyukona
Class 3	uyokona	oyokona	uyokona	awuyukona	ongeyukona	ungeyukona
Class 4	iyokona	eyokona	iyokona	ayiyukona	engeyukona	ingeyukona
Class 5	liyokona	eliyokona	liyokona	aliyukona	elingeyukona	lingeyukona
Class 6	ayokona	ayokona	eyokona	awayukona	angeyukona	engeyukona
Class 7	siyokona	esiyokona	siyokona	asiyukona	esingeyukona	singeyukona
Class 8	ziyokona	eziyokona	ziyokona	aziyukona	ezingeyukona	zingeyukona
Class 9	iyokona	eyokona	iyokona	ayiyukona	engeyukona	ingeyukona
Class 10	ziyokona	eziyokona	ziyokona	aziyukona	ezingeyukona	zingeyukona
Class 11	luyokona	oluyokona	luyokona	aluyukona	olungeyukona	lungeyukona
Class 14	buyokona	obuyokona	buyokona	abuyukona	obungeyukona	bungeyukona
Class 15	kuyokona	okuyokona	kuyokona	akuyukona	okungeyukona	kungeyukona
Class 17	kuyokona	okuyokona	kuyokona	akuyukona	okungeyukona	kungeyukona
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngone	ngingoni
2nd singular	wone	ungoni
1st plural	sone	singoni
2nd plural	none	ningoni
Class 1	one	angoni
Class 2	bone	bangoni
Class 3	wone	ungoni
Class 4	yone	ingoni
Class 5	lone	lingoni
Class 6	one	angoni
Class 7	sone	singoni
Class 8	zone	zingoni
Class 9	yone	ingoni
Class 10	zone	zingoni
Class 11	lone	lungoni
Class 14	bone	bungoni
Class 15	kone	kungoni
Class 17	kone	kungoni
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngona	ngangona, angona, angangona
2nd singular	wona	wangona, awona, awangona
1st plural	sona	sangona, asona, asangona
2nd plural	nona	nangona, anona, anangona
Class 1	wona	wangona, akona, akangona
Class 2	bona	bangona, abona, abangona
Class 3	wona	wangona, awona, awangona
Class 4	yona	yangona, ayona, ayangona
Class 5	lona	langona, alona, alangona
Class 6	ona	angona, awona, awangona
Class 7	sona	sangona, asona, asangona
Class 8	zona	zangona, azona, azangona
Class 9	yona	yangona, ayona, ayangona
Class 10	zona	zangona, azona, azangona
Class 11	lona	lwangona, alona, alwangona
Class 14	bona	bangona, abona, abangona
Class 15	kona	kwangona, akona, akwangona
Class 17	kona	kwangona, akona, akwangona

References

• C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “ona”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “ona (6.3)”