sacramentum

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Sacramentum (oath)

Wikipedia

sacramentum (plural sacramenta)

(historical) An Ancient Roman oath or vow that rendered the swearer "given to the gods", in the negative sense if he violated it.

From sacrō (“consecrate, dedicate, devote”) +‎ -mentum, from sacer (“sacred, holy”) +‎ -mentum.

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /sa.kraːˈmen.tum/, [s̠äkräːˈmɛn̪t̪ʊ̃ˑ]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /sa.kraˈmen.tum/, [säkräˈmɛn̪t̪um]

sacrāmentum n (genitive sacrāmentī); second declension

A sum of money deposited in pledge by two individuals involved in a suit. The money of the loser in the suit was used for religious purposes.
(military) An oath of allegiance.
(Ecclesiastical Latin) Sacrament.
(Ecclesiastical Latin) A mystery, secret.

Italo-Romance;
- Old Italian: sacramento
North Italian:
- Gallo-Italic:
  - Old Lombard: sagramento
  - Piedmontese: sarament
- Romansch: saramaint, sarament
Gallo-Romance:
- Old Francoprovençal: sariment
- Old French: sagrament (early Old French), sairement, serment
  - French: serment
Occitano-Romance:
- Catalan: sagrament
- Occitan: sagrament
Ibero-Romance:
- Old Galician-Portuguese: sagramento
- Old Spanish: sagramiento
Borrowings:
- → Asturian: sacramentu
- → Dutch: sacrament
- → English: sacrament
- → French: sacrement
- → Norwegian: sakrament
- → Polish: sakrament
- → Portuguese: sacramento
- → Romanian: sacrament
- → Spanish: sacramento

“sacramentum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“sacramentum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
sacramentum in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
sacramentum in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- to take the military oath: sacramentum (o) dicere (vid. sect. XI. 2, note sacramentum...)
- to make soldiers take the military oath: milites sacramento rogare, adigere
“sacramentum”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
“sacramentum”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1911) “sacramĕntum”, in Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), page 563