Wiktionary

som

See also: Appendix:Variations of "som"

Translingual

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Symbol

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som

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Somali.

English

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 Som (currency) on Wikipedia
 Kyrgyzstani som on Wikipedia
 Uzbekistani sum on Wikipedia
 
100 som note (Kyrgyzstan)

Etymology 1

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From Kyrgyz сом (som) and Uzbek сўм (soʻm) (Cyrillic) / soʻm (Roman), both of which come from the Turkic root *som ("pure [gold]").

Alternative forms

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Noun

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som (plural soms)

  1. The currency of Uzbekistan.
  2. The currency of Kyrgyzstan.
Translations
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Etymology 2

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Pronoun

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som

  1. Obsolete spelling of some.
    • (Can we date this quote?), Kimberly Kubus (K.Okkerstrøm), Airport Manager:
      U cared to try som of my snax

Determiner

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som

  1. Obsolete spelling of some.

See also

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Anagrams

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Catalan

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Inherited from Latin summus.

Adjective

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som (feminine soma, masculine plural soms, feminine plural somes)

  1. shallow

Etymology 2

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Verb

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som

  1. first-person plural present indicative of ser
  2. first-person plural present indicative of ésser

Czech

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *somъ.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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som m anim

  1. archaic form of sumec

Declension

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This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Danish

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Etymology

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From Old Norse som, sem (“as, like”), cognate with Norwegian som, Swedish som. Probably a weakened form of Proto-Germanic *samą, *samô (“same, in the same way”), compare Old High German sama, samo, sam (“so, likewise”).

Pronunciation

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Conjunction

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som

  1. as, like (introduces comparisons, both noun phrases and dependent clauses)
    Synonym: ligesom
    fuld som en allike
    drunk as a jackdaw
  2. as (introduces a noun phrase that is an adjunct, or non-obligatory argument)
    • 1991, Benny Andersen, Chagall & skorpiondans‎[1]:
      Han var som kunstner højst original, men solgte aldrig et billede.
      He was most original as an artist, but he never sold a single painting.
    Synonyms: i egenskab af, qua, værende
  3. such as (introduces an example)
    Synonyms: for eksempel, såsom
    pattedyr som hunde og katte
    mammals such as dogs and cats
  4. as (introduces a temporal adverbial clause)
    • 1987, Thøger Birkeland, Jomfrubanden‎[2]:
      ...han tager pigens hånd, netop som hun vender sig for at gå tilbage til bordet.
      ...he takes the hand of the girl just as she turns around in order to go back to the table.
    Synonyms: da, idet
  5. as, because (introduces a causal adverbial clause)
    • 1849, Søren Kierkegaard, Enten-Eller‎[3], p. vol. 2, p. 228 /:
      Min Kone holder da af Dig, og jeg sympathiserer med hendes Følelse i denne henseende, saa meget mere som jeg troer, at grunden til hendes Velvillie for Dig for en Deel ligger deri, at hun seer Dine Svagheder.
      My wife likes you, and I sympathize with her feeling in this respect, the more so as I think that the reason for her good will towards you is partly based on the fact that she sees your weaknesses.
    Synonyms: da, eftersom
  6. how (introduces an exclamative independent clause)
    • 1987, Jørgen Sonne, Nul:
      Som vi da grinede!
      How we laughed!
    Synonym: hvor

Pronoun

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som

  1. (relative) who, which, that (introduces relative clauses)
    Synonyms: der, hvilken

Dutch

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Etymology

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From Middle Dutch somme, borrowed from Old French somme, from Latin summa.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /sɔm/
  • Audio:(file)
  • Hyphenation: som
  • Rhymes: -ɔm

Noun

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som f (plural sommen, diminutive sommetje n)

  1. sum
  2. (mathematics) problem
    Ik moet dertig sommen maken voor de wiskundeles van morgen. ― I have to solve thirty problems for tomorrow's maths class.

Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • → Papiamentu: sòm, som

References

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Anagrams

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Galician

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Verb

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som

  1. (reintegrationist norm) third-person plural present indicative of ser

Hungarian

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Etymology

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From a Turkic language, compare Turkmen çüm (“cornel”), Kumyk чум (çum, “berry”).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ˈʃom]
  • Hyphenation: som
  • Rhymes: -om

Noun

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som (plural somok)

  1. cornel

Declension

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Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)
singular plural
nominative som somok
accusative somot somokat
dative somnak somoknak
instrumental sommal somokkal
causal-final somért somokért
translative sommá somokká
terminative somig somokig
essive-formal somként somokként
essive-modal — —
inessive somban somokban
superessive somon somokon
adessive somnál somoknál
illative somba somokba
sublative somra somokra
allative somhoz somokhoz
elative somból somokból
delative somról somokról
ablative somtól somoktól
non-attributive
possessive - singular 		somé somoké
non-attributive
possessive - plural 		soméi somokéi
Possessive forms of som
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. somom somjaim
2nd person sing. somod somjaid
3rd person sing. somja somjai
1st person plural somunk somjaink
2nd person plural somotok somjaitok
3rd person plural somjuk somjaik

Further reading

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  • som in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

Anagrams

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Indonesian

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Indonesian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia id

Etymology

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From Dutch zoom (“hem; edge, border”), from Middle Dutch sôom, from Old Dutch *sōm, from Proto-West Germanic *saum, from Proto-Germanic *saumaz (“that which is sewn”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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som (first-person possessive somku, second-person possessive sommu, third-person possessive somnya)

  1. (sewing, colloquial) seam (folded back and stitched piece of fabric)
    Synonyms: kelim, pelipit

Derived terms

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Further reading

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Lower Sorbian

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Proto-Slavic *sòmъ; cognate with Russian сом (som), Old Polish som, Old Czech som, Polabian såm.

Noun

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som m anim

  1. catfish (fish of the order Siluriformes)
Declension
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Declension of som
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative som soma somy
Genitive soma somowu somow
Dative somoju somoma somam
Accusative som soma somy
Instrumental somom somoma somami
Locative somje somoma somach

Further reading

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  • Muka, Arnošt (1921, 1928) “som”, in Słownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), St. Petersburg, Prague: ОРЯС РАН, ČAVU; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, 2008
  • Starosta, Manfred (1999) “som”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag

Etymology 2

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From Proto-Slavic *esmь.

Verb

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som

  1. first-person singular present of byś

Middle Dutch

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Etymology

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From Old Dutch sum, from Proto-West Germanic *sum, from Proto-Germanic *sumaz.

Pronunciation

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Determiner

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som

  1. some

Inflection

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Determiner
Masculine Feminine Neuter Plural
Nominative som somme som somme
Accusative sommen somme som somme
Genitive soms sommer soms sommer
Dative sommen sommer sommen sommen


Descendants

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Further reading

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Middle English

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Old English sum, from Proto-West Germanic *sum, from Proto-Germanic *sumaz.

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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som

  1. some

Adjective

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som

  1. some

Descendants

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References

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Norwegian Bokmål

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Pronunciation

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Conjunction

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som

  1. as; similar to, in the same way that

Derived terms

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Pronoun

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som

  1. (reflexive pronoun) who, which

Preposition

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som

  1. as; to the same extent or degree that

Norwegian Nynorsk

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Etymology 1

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From Old Norse sem.

Pronunciation

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Conjunction

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som

  1. as
    Han jobbar som kelner.
    He is working as a waiter.
Derived terms
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Pronoun

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som

  1. (reflexive pronoun) who, which, that
    Dette er bilen som eg kjøpte.
    This is the car that I bought.
    Det var den mannen som kom.
    That was the man who came.

Etymology 2

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From Old Norse sumr. Akin to English some.

Alternative forms

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  • sum (now nonstandard)

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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som m (feminine som, neuter somt, plural somme)

  1. some
    Somt av det er nytt, resten er gamalt.
    Some of it is new, the rest is old.

References

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Old English

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Etymology

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From Proto-West Germanic *sōmu, from Proto-Germanic *sōmō. Related to Old Norse sǿmr.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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sōm f

  1. agreement, concord
    • 11th century, Institutes of Polity:
      Hē sċeal bēon symle ymbe sōme and ymbe sibbe
      he shall ever be engaged in promoting concord and peace
  2. reconciliation, a setting aside of differences
    • 11th century, Institutes of Polity:
      Bisċeopum ġebȳraþ, gyf ǣniġ ōðrum ābelge, ðæt man geþyldiġe ōð gefērena sōme
      It behoves bishops, if any should anger others, that they be patient until the reconciliation of the companions
  3. an meeting for agreement, arrangement of dispute
    • early 10th century, Letter to King Edward explaining the history of land at Fonthill‎[4]:
      Ðā ðūhte ūs eallan ðe æt ðǣre sōme wǣran,
      Then it seemed to all of us that were at the agreement,

Usage notes

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Often found in collocation with sibb (“peace”).

Declension

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Declension of sōm (strong ō-stem)
Case Singular Plural
nominative sōm sōma, sōme
accusative sōme sōma, sōme
genitive sōme sōma
dative sōme sōmum
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References

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Portuguese

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Portuguese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia pt

Etymology

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From Old Galician-Portuguese son (probably influenced by or possibly borrowed from Old Occitan son), from Latin sonus. Alternatively, regressively derived from the verb soar. Compare Galician and Spanish son.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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som m (plural sons)

  1. sound (sensation perceived by the ear)
    • 1890, Aluísio Azevedo, O Cortiço, Rio de Janeiro: B. L. Garnier:
      No confuso rumor que se formava, destacavam-se risos, sons de vozes que altercavam, sem se saber de onde, grasnar de marrecos, cantar de galos, cacarejar de galinhas.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
  2. (informal) music (melodic and rhythmic sounds made as art)
    Synonym: música
  3. (informal) an audio device, such as a stereo
    Synonym: equipamento de som

Derived terms

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See also

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Romanian

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Noun

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som m (plural somi)

  1. Obsolete form of sumă.

Declension

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singular plural
+ indefinite article + definite article + indefinite article + definite article
nominative/accusative (un) som somul (niște) somi somii
genitive/dative (unui) som somului (unor) somi somilor
vocative somule somilor

References

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  • som in Academia Română, Micul dicționar academic, ediția a II-a, Bucharest: Univers Enciclopedic, 2010. →ISBN

Serbo-Croatian

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *somъ.

Noun

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sȍm m (Cyrillic spelling со̏м)

  1. catfish
Declension
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Declension of som
singular plural
nominative sȍm sòmovi
genitive soma somova
dative somu somovima
accusative soma somove
vocative some somovi
locative somu somovima
instrumental somom somovima

Etymology 2

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The origins of this term are unclear. Possibly because som (catfish) is a big fish. Others believe it is due to the 1000 dinar banknotes of 1955, on which the person depicted appears to have two fish eyes (instead of welding goggles) on his head.

Noun

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sȍm m (Cyrillic spelling со̏м)

  1. (colloquial) grand (a thousand of something, especially but not only money)
    dva soma ― two grand

Slovak

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Etymology

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From Proto-Slavic *esmь.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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som

  1. first-person singular present of byť

Swedish

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Alternative forms

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  • (Obsolete typography) ſom

Etymology

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From Old Swedish som or sum, in Runic inscriptions also sim, same as Icelandic sem, from Old Norse sem, from Proto-Indo-European *sḗm (“one”), also related to the prefix sam- (“co-, common, together”) and suffix -sam (“-some, -like”). Still in the Poetic Edda, the Icelandic sem is only used as a comparative particle, e.g. Hávamál 23 allt er víl sem var (And his woe is just as it was). With time it has displaced other relative conjunctions (es, er). Its use as a pronoun is of a later date.

Pronunciation

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Conjunction

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som

  1. as, like; similar to
    Flitig som ett bi.
    Busy as a bee.
    Hon lät som en häst.
    She sounded like a horse.
  2. as; in the same way that
    Som du önskar.
    As you wish.

Derived terms

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Pronoun

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som

  1. (relative) who, which, that
    Det var hon som gjorde det.
    She is the one who did it.
    Det där är stenen som kraschade rutan.
    That’s the stone that broke the window.
  2. as; to the same extent or degree that
    Du är inte lika lång som jag är.
    You are not as tall as I am.
    Du är inte lika lång som jag.
    You are not as tall as me.

References

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  • som in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)

Anagrams

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Ternate

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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som

  1. (stative) to be murky, turbid

Conjugation

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Conjugation of som
Singular Plural
Inclusive Exclusive
1st tosom fosom misom
2nd nosom nisom
3rd Masculine osom isom, yosom†
Feminine mosom
Neuter isom
† - archaic

References

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  • Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

Turkish

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Etymology

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Inherited from Common Turkic *som (“pure, solid”).

Adjective

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som

  1. solid
    Synonym: katı
  2. pure
    Synonyms: salt, arı, katkısız, katışıksız
  3. fine

Derived terms

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From French saumon.

Noun

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som (definite accusative somu, plural somlar)

  1. salmon

Declension

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Inflection
Nominative som
Definite accusative somu
Singular Plural
Nominative som somlar
Definite accusative somu somları
Dative soma somlara
Locative somda somlarda
Ablative somdan somlardan
Genitive somun somların

Zou

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Zou cardinal numbers
 <  9 10 11  > 
    Cardinal : som

Etymology

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From Proto-Kuki-Chin *soom.

Pronunciation

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Numeral

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sòm

  1. ten

References

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  • Lukram Himmat Singh (2013) A Descriptive Grammar of Zou, Canchipur: Manipur University, page 48
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