Danish

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Noun

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straffen

  1. definite singular of straf

Dutch

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈstrɑfə(n)/
  • Audio:(file)
  • Hyphenation: straf‧fen
  • Rhymes: -ɑfən

Etymology 1

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From Middle Dutch straffen, probably from Middle High German strāfen, which may go back to Proto-West Germanic *strēpōn, of uncertain ultimate origin, but possibly related to *streupan (to squeeze, press, graze).[1] The short vowel and geminate in Dutch in contrast to the Middle High German long vowel is peculiar. Note however that forms with a long vowel do occur in dialectal Dutch.

Verb

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straffen

  1. (transitive) to punish
  2. (transitive) to sentence
Conjugation
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Conjugation of straffen (weak)
infinitive straffen
past singular strafte
past participle gestraft
infinitive straffen
gerund straffen n
present tense past tense
1st person singular straf strafte
2nd person sing. (jij) straft, straf2 strafte
2nd person sing. (u) straft strafte
2nd person sing. (gij) straft strafte
3rd person singular straft strafte
plural straffen straften
subjunctive sing.1 straffe strafte
subjunctive plur.1 straffen straften
imperative sing. straf
imperative plur.1 straft
participles straffend gestraft
1) Archaic. 2) In case of inversion.
Derived terms
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Descendants
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  • Afrikaans: straf
  • Berbice Creole Dutch: strafu
  • Negerhollands: straaf
  • Aukan: sitaafu
  • Papiamentu: straf

References

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  1. ^ van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “straf1”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute

Etymology 2

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See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

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straffen

  1. plural of straf

German

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From straff (tight, taut).

Verb

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straffen (weak, third-person singular present strafft, past tense straffte, past participle gestrafft, auxiliary haben)

  1. (transitive) to tighten, tauten
Conjugation
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Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Adjective

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straffen

  1. inflection of straff:
    1. strong genitive masculine/neuter singular
    2. weak/mixed genitive/dative all-gender singular
    3. strong/weak/mixed accusative masculine singular
    4. strong dative plural
    5. weak/mixed all-case plural

Further reading

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  • straffen” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
  • straffen” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
  • straffen” in Duden online
  • straffen” in OpenThesaurus.de

Middle Dutch

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Etymology

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Probably from Middle High German strāfen, which may go back to Proto-West Germanic *strēpōn, of uncertain ultimate origin, but possibly related to *streupan (to squeeze, press, graze).[1] The short vowel and geminate in Dutch in contrast to the Middle High German long vowel is peculiar.

Verb

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straffen

  1. to scold, to reprimand
  2. to refute
  3. to punish

Inflection

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This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Alternative forms

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Descendants

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References

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  1. ^ van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “straf1”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute

Further reading

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Norwegian Bokmål

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Noun

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straffen m

  1. definite singular of straff

Swedish

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Noun

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straffen

  1. definite singular of straff (penalty kick, penalty shot)
  2. definite plural of straff (punishment, sentence)