See also: vesz

Hungarian

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Etymology

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Of unknown origin.[1]

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ˈveːs]
  • Audio:(file)
  • Hyphenation: vész
  • Rhymes: -eːs

Noun

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vész (plural vészek)

  1. (archaic) plague, pestilence, pandemic, disease (today only in some compounds, especially referring to domestic animals)
  2. (literary) disaster, catastrophe
    Synonyms: csapás, katasztrófa, szerencsétlenség
  3. (as a prefix in compounds) emergency (adjectival use)

Declension

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Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony)
singular plural
nominative vész vészek
accusative vészt vészeket
dative vésznek vészeknek
instrumental vésszel vészekkel
causal-final vészért vészekért
translative vésszé vészekké
terminative vészig vészekig
essive-formal vészként vészekként
essive-modal
inessive vészben vészekben
superessive vészen vészeken
adessive vésznél vészeknél
illative vészbe vészekbe
sublative vészre vészekre
allative vészhez vészekhez
elative vészből vészekből
delative vészről vészekről
ablative vésztől vészektől
non-attributive
possessive - singular
vészé vészeké
non-attributive
possessive - plural
vészéi vészekéi
Possessive forms of vész
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. vészem vészeim
2nd person sing. vészed vészeid
3rd person sing. vésze vészei
1st person plural vészünk vészeink
2nd person plural vészetek vészeitek
3rd person plural vészük vészeik

Derived terms

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Compound words

Verb

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vész

  1. (intransitive) to perish, to die
    Synonyms: odavész, elpusztul, meghal
    éhen vészdie of hunger
  2. (intransitive) to get lost, to vanish (in something: -ba/-be)
    Synonym: elvész
    ködbe vészs/he gets lost in the mist/fog

Usage notes

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This verb is a member of one of those (few) quasi-homonymous verb pairs that exist both with and without an -ik ending. All (intransitive) suffixed forms of these pairs are identical (sometimes they can even have derived forms that coincide), with the exception of their dictionary form (the third-person singular indicative present, with or without -ik). However, the meaning of these pairs is usually distinct, sometimes unrelated. Examples include (fel)áldoz(le)áldozik, bánbánik, (meg)bíz(meg)bízik, érérik, esz (rare)eszik, hajolhajlik, (felül)múl(el)múlik, (hozzá)nyúlnyúlik, (el)vesz(el)veszik~(el)vész, and törtörik (along with their verbal prefixes), hallhallik (archaic), érezérzik (archaic), sometimes with some difference: (el)hibázhibádzik, (le)torkoltorkollik. Therefore one may well need to check the context and the arguments to ascertain which member of the verb pair is relevant.

Conjugation

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or (less commonly, although more clearly distinguishing from certain coinciding forms of the verbs vesz and veszt and the possessive-suffixed noun veszte)

Alternative forms

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  • veszik (in its prefixed forms as well)
  • vesz (in some phrases)

Derived terms

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  • veszte (with the possessive suffix incorporated)

(With verbal prefixes):

Expressions

References

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  1. ^ vész in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN.  (See also its 2nd edition.)

Further reading

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  • (disaster): vész in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
  • (to perish): vész , redirecting to (2): vesz in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
  • vész in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).